Country names and nationalities

国家与民族

Esperanto has a two-part system for naming countries and their inhabitants. This two-part system developed early in the history of Esperanto, and was based on the idea of a division of the world into "Old World" and "New World". The assumption was that the "Old World" countries took their names from the people who lived there. In contrast, "New World" countries consisted mainly of immigrants and their descendants, so their inhabitants were named after the countries they lived in.

世界语有着“两段系统”来为国家及其国民来命名。这种命名系统诞生于世界语早期，基于当时将世界分成“新大陆”和“旧大陆”。在这种分类里，处于“旧大陆”的国家的名字来自于住在这个国家的居民（民族）的名称。与之相反的“新大陆”国家，主要是移民及其后裔组成，所以它们国民的称呼来自于他们所在的国家的名字。

So, for some "Old World" countries, mainly in Europe and Asia, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the inhabitant, and the name of the country is formed from it. For other "New World" countries,mainly in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the country, and the name of the inhabitant is formed from it.

所以，对于“旧大陆”国家（主要是亚洲以及欧洲的国家），它的世界语词根来自于当地民族的名字，而国家名字则有词根中衍生出来。对于“新大陆”国家，世界语的词根来自于国家名字，其国民的名字则由词根中衍生出来。

Group 1 (mainly "New World")

第一类（主要是“新大陆”）

The first group takes the name of the country as the root form (e.g. Brazil-o, Kanad-o) and an inhabitant of that country is formed by adding -an (member) in front of the ending -o. For example:

第一类的国民名称是以国家名称为词根（比如：Brazil-o,Kanad-o），其国民的称呼则是在词根后面加上-an（成员），再以-o结尾

Brazilanoj loĝas en Brazilo.
Brazilians live in Brazil.

巴西人住在巴西

Kanadanoj loĝas en Kanado.
Canadians live in Canada.

加拿大人住在加拿大

Group 2 (mainly "Old World")

第二组（主要是“旧大陆”）

The second group takes the name of the inhabitant as the root form (e.g. ital-o, german-o) and its country name is formed by adding -uj in front of the ending -o. For example:

第二组的国家名称是由民族的名字做为词根（例如ital-o,german-o）再加上-uj和词尾o来组成

Italoj loĝas en Italujo. 
Italians live in Italy.

意大利人住意大利

Germanoj loĝas en Germanujo. 
Germans live in Germany.

德国人住在德国

Many people prefer to use the ending -io for Group 2 names rather than the traditional ending -ujo. This is how we teach country names here on Duolingo:

不少人选择用词尾-io来代替-ujo来给第二类的国家命名，这种方法也是我们在多邻国里面所学到的方法

About the Americas

关于Americas

Usono refers to the USA, while Ameriko refers to the entire American continent; so usonano is a US citizen, while amerikano is someone from North, Central, or South America.

Usono的意思是美国，而Ameriko的意思是整个美洲大陆；所以usonano的意思是美国人，而amerikano指的是来自北美、中美、或者是南美的人

More accented letters

关于重音字母

The following table shows the rest of the accented letters, which are also called ĉapelitaj literoj (literally, "letters with hats").

下表展示的是剩下的重音字母，或叫做带帽字母

Note: ĥ is pronounced as a strongly aspirated "h", like the "ch" in the Scottish word "loch" (not pronounced "lock"), while ŭ is normally only used after a and e, in the combinations aŭ and eŭ.

注意： ĥ 的发音是一个强送气的h音，类似苏格兰语里面的“loch”（不要把它发成lock）。而ŭ通常只用在a和e后面，和a、e组成aŭ和eŭ。

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Countries-and-Nationalities/tips-and-notes

翻译：vanilo

2018/11/9                 11:30