大学英语常见错误2-1-1
名词和动词混淆
【误】His speech effected the audience deeply.
【正】His speech affected the audience deeply.
听众深为他的演说所感动。
effect是名词,“效果,效力,影响”。词组put into effect,“实行,生效”。
affect是及物动词,“影响,感动”。
形容词或介词和动词的混淆
【误】We past several buildings before we came to the factory.
【正】We passed several buildings before we came to the factory.
我们走过几座楼房,然后来到了工厂门口。
past作为名词时“过去,往事”;作为形容词是“过去的”;用作介词是“过……”;用作副词是“经过”,但不是动词,动词是pass“经过,通过”。
第二章 名词的错误Errors in the Noun
数的错误
名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
普通名词按意义分为集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词等
按语法特征分为可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词和不可数名词误用
【误】What beautiful sight those roses make!
【正】What a beautiful sight those roses make!
那些玫瑰花构成一幅多么美的景象啊!
sight作不可数名词时表示“视力”、“视野”。如:
He had his sight tested by a doctor.
他让医生给他检查视力。
【误】What surprise to see you here!
【正】What a surprise to see you here!
在这里见到你真是意外!
surprise作不可数名词,“惊奇”。如:
This causes great surprise.
这事引起了极大的诧异。
作可数名词时,“意外的事件”
【误】He has very good knowledge of English.
【正】He has a very good knowledge of English.
他通晓英语。
knowledge为不可数名词,如:
Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
但在“a knowledge of”中的冠词不可或缺,“knowledge”这里是“熟悉”,不可数变成了可数,含义有所改变,如:
Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传得快。
Have you got a light?
你有火吗?