20230224 单词学习汇总
20230224 单词学习汇总
Technology Diffusion: vs. technology infusion, Determinants, Categories
Technological diffusion is the process by which the adoption of new technology spreads widely. Adoption may be by the household or company. They began to utilize technology in their daily lives.
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Difference between technology infusion and technology diffusion
In a company, technology infusion measures the extent to which new technology permeates into the organization. Whereas diffusion measures the extent to which the technology spreads throughout the organization.
To distinguish the two, let’s take the example of new accounting software technology. Technology infuses an organization when, for example, all finance department staff use it. It does not diffuse because not all departments use it. Instead, the adoption of new Microsoft Office software diffuses the organization because its use spreads throughout the entire department, not just the finance department staff.
Factors affecting technology diffusion
The four main factors that influence the spread and adoption of new technology are:
The nature and degree of innovation of new technologies. This factor is difficult to measure, especially when technology is truly new. We do not know precisely how innovative is the major innovative inventions such as lights and locomotives were of its time.
Communication channel. This factor determines the transfer of information from one unit to another. Nowadays, the internet facilitates information and the adoption of new technologies more quickly. When there is an innovation in a country, the information can quickly spread to various countries through the internet.
Time. The new technology takes time to be widely adopted.
Characteristics of human resources. This factor can be related to demographic variables such as education level or social system, such as the presence of opinion leaders.
Adopter categories
Adoption curve
Everett Rogers classifies consumers into five groups based on their level of adoption of new technologies. They are:
Innovator. They are the most enthusiastic about new technology and are willing to take risks. They tolerate risk because they have secure financial resources to absorb risk.
Early adopters. They are generally opinion leaders and do not necessarily adopt new technology. They are wise in considering the consequences of utilizing a new technology.
Early majority. This group adopts new technology after innovators and early adopters used it. They rarely act as opinion leaders and generally have an average social status.
Late majority. This group will adopt it only if most of the people have taken it. They tend to be skeptical of the presence of new technology.
Laggards. They consist of individuals who tend to be stiff to change. They adopted new technology after almost everyone used it, and it has become a trend in society.
archi·pel·ago n.
/ˌɑːkɪˈpeləɡəʊ/
( pl. -os-oesor )
a group of islands and the sea surrounding them 群岛；列岛；群岛周围的海
ˌvalue-ˈladen adj.
influenced by personal opinions 受主观价值影响的；主观的
• ‘Freedom fighter’is a value-laden word. “自由战士”是个带有主观判断的词。
con·tin·gent /kənˈtɪndʒənt/
~ (on/upon sth)( formal ) depending on sth that may or may not happen 依情况而定的
· •All payments are contingent upon satisfactory completion dates. 所有的付款须视是否如期完成而定。
DERIVATIVES 派生词
con·tin·gent·ly adv
mal·le·able adj. /ˈmæliəbl/
( technical 术语) ( of metal, etc. 金属等 ) that can be hit or pressed into different shapes easily without breaking or cracking 可锻造的；可轧压的；易成型的
2. ( of people, ideas, etc. 人、思想等 ) easily influenced or changed 可塑的；易受影响（或改变）的
DERIVATIVES 派生词
mal·le·abil·ity [ U] /ˌmæliəˈbɪləti/ /ˌmæliəˈbɪləti/ n
· accommodating /əˈkɒməˌdeɪtɪŋ/
o ADJ If you describe someone as accommodating, you like the fact that they are willing to do things in order to please you or help you. 乐于助人的
• Eddie was among the most approachable athletes on the team, always very accommodating to me. 艾迪是队里最容易接近的运动员之一，总是很乐于帮助我。
· derail /dɪˈreɪl/
o 1.V-T To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. 打乱 (原定计划)
• The present wave of political killings is the work of people trying to derail peace talks. 现在的政治谋杀浪潮是那些试图破坏和平谈判进程的人所为。
o 2.V-T/V-I If a train is derailed or if it derails, it comes off the track on which it is running. 脱轨
• At least six people were killed and about twenty injured when a train was derailed in an isolated mountain region. 火车在一片偏僻的山区脱轨，导致至少六人死亡，约二十人受伤。
· prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/
o 1. V-T If a doctor prescribes medicine or treatment for you, he or she tells you what medicine or treatment to have. 开 (药、处方)
• The physician examines the patient then diagnoses the disease and prescribes medication. 内科医生检查了病人，然后对疾病作出诊断，并开出药方。
• She took twice the prescribed dose of sleeping tablets. 她服用了所开剂量两倍的安眠药。
o 2. V-T If a person or set of laws or rules prescribes an action or duty, they state that it must be carried out. 规定
• ...article II of the constitution, which prescribes the method of electing a president. …规定总统选举办法的宪法第二条。
· knit /nɪt/
o 1.V-T/V-I If you knit something, especially an article of clothing, you make it from wool or a similar thread by using two knitting needles or a machine. 编织
• I had endless hours to knit and sew. 我有无数的时间来缝缝织织。
• I have already started knitting baby clothes. 我已经开始织婴儿的衣服了。
o 2.COMB in ADJ Knit is also a combining form. 编织 (用于合成词中)
• Ferris wore a heavy knit sweater. 菲立斯穿着一件织得厚厚的毛衣。
o 3.V-T If someone or something knits things or people together, they make them fit or work together closely and successfully. 紧密连接
• The best thing about sports is that they knit the whole family close together. 体育运动最大的好处就是将全家紧密连接在一起。
o 4.COMB in ADJ Knit is also a combining form. 紧密连接 (用于合成词中)
• ...a closer-knit family. …一个连接更为紧密的家庭。
o 5.V-I When broken bones knit, the broken pieces grow together again. (骨头) 愈合
• The bone hasn't knitted together properly. 骨头还没有完全愈合。
