2018英语专四真题 | 词汇语法部分 | 超详细高质量真题解析
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.
A. has been believed to have been
B. was believed to be
C. is believed to have been
D. is believed to be
To have done
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词中不定式的用法，属于专四语法高频考点，考点拓展 ：不定式的完成时to have done表示三种意思，第一，跟在表示情感类的词后，比如sorry, happy, blessed。第二，跟在表示观点的谓语动词，比如is said/ thought/believed to have done, 第三，跟在表示推断类的谓语动词之后seem/appear等。本题意思： 据说开罗外的金字塔是古代埃及人的一次尝试，尝试建立一个smooth-sided金字塔。is believed to have been 为什么是is believed 这里表示现在人们也是这么认为，所以is believed 用的是现在时态，to have been 表示“尝试 ”这个动作发生的时态在被认为之前，当然是古老的埃及人们做了这个尝试之后，才有后来的人们的“据说”。所以我们发现to have been的核心含义是 to have been这个动作发生在believe之前，也就是不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。选C
12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.
A. maintains
B. is maintaining
C. maintained
D. has been maintaining
【解析】本题考查时态，题目里面出现了since 这个重点词，告诉我们需要使用完成时态，而选项中的完成时态只有D 选项 has been maintaining 现在完成进行时. 句意：U.S. News 这个机构从1983年起就一直保持对大学进行排名，对于想要申请大学的学生而言，他们是一家很受欢迎的机构，可以从中获取资源。
13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.
A. actually
B. accidentally
C. otherwise
D. Seldom
【解析】题意：他被诱惑卷入了一场犯罪中，要不是被别人引诱的话，他本身是不会犯罪的。题目中出现了would not have done 考查虚拟语气，表示本不会做某事，但是实际情况又做了，所以这里需要填入要不然，想表达要不是被lured的话，他一般情况是不会犯罪的commit a crime. 虚拟语气是每年真题必考题型，需要好好掌握otherwise的用法。选C
比如例句， 我父母借钱给我了。否则,我可付不起这次旅费。这句话的真实情况是我父母给我钱了，所以真实情况是我付得起，（我可付不起这次旅费）这句话需要用虚拟语气表示出来，
My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
couldn’t have done 虚拟语气表示本来做不了某事，但实际上做了。
14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.
A. blue hazy Virginia
B. hazy blue Virginia
C. Virginia hazy blue
D. Virginia blue hazy
【解析】本题考察形容词修饰名词的顺序，弗吉尼亚蓝色烟雾迷蒙的大山，英语当中形容词修饰名词时，可以记住口诀“县官行令色国材”县（限定词），官（观点类的描述词），行（形状大小），令（年龄新旧），色（颜色），国（国籍、产地、来源），材（材料、质地）这个。这个题目中出现了blue颜色类 hazy 烟雾迷蒙的 个人观点类 Virginia国家来源三个形容词。根据上面口诀，应该是hazy blue Virginia，选B
15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.
A. the evil
B. evil
C. evils
D. an evil
【解析】本题考点the + adj表示一类人或者一类事情，选A 这句话原句出自于罗素《我为什么活着》I long to alleviate the evil,but i cannot,and i too suffer. 我渴望能够消除人世间的邪恶，可是力不从心，我自己也同样遭受着它们的折磨。注意这里的the evil作者是想表示所有邪恶的事情，比如他在前文提到过的“压迫 贫穷 讥讽 等等”感，感兴趣的同学可以看看上下文Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
痛苦的呼唤经常在我心中回荡，饥饿的儿童，被压迫被折磨者，被儿女视为负担的无助的老人以及充满孤寂、贫穷和痛苦的整个世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。我渴望减轻这些不幸，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也深受其害。
16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.
A. war
B. are war
C. of war
D. are of war
【解析】先积累一个句型 it is arguable that 句子表示“有证据表明，有道理说”，本题句意：可以说，足球对于身体所造成的危害，就像战争造成的杀戮和重伤一样严重，简而言之，句子结构就是A is the point of B, as C and D is （the point） of E. A对于B而言， 就像C,D对于E一样，表示一种类比，本题考查将特殊结构as用法和主谓一致结合考查，由于主语是killing and maiming所以用复数are of war选D。 这种表示“类比”的结构还有，Just as dark cloud cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact.正如乌云遮不住太阳，谎言也掩盖不了事实。这句话的原句出自一篇国外文章， 原文如下：“Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming are of war. (In the United States, for example, the game results in 15 to 20 deaths a year and about 30,000 major operations on knees alone.)” 主要是在论证足球的危害。
17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.
A. its most basic
B. its basic
C. the most basic
D. the basic
【解析】考查介词固定搭配，at + one’s/its +形容词最高级，表示“处于最。。。的状态”
本题句意，从最简单的角度而言，摄影是一个化学过程，在此过程中，当曝光时，光敏感的物质会发生改变。答案选A
【例句拓展】The pain was at its worst in the late evenings. 在夜深时，这个痛感最强。
He was at his happiest whilst playing cricket. 玩板球时他最开心了。
Howards End is old fashioned film-making at its best.《霍华德庄园》是一部经典的老派电影。
18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.
A. to express an intended purpose
B. to indicate a high degree of possibility
C. to reveal an undesirable consequence
D. to dramatize a stated fact
【解析】她雇了一个律师调查，缺发现Gabriel居然把她的名字移除了。考查不定式做状语only to find/ know/ learn 表示一种意外，或者没有想到的事情发生了（往往指不好的结果），选择表示一种没有想到的结果 选to reveal an undesirable consequence. 比如我来到教室，却发现教室一个人都没有。I came to the classroom, only to find that nobody is here.
19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?
A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.
B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.
C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.
D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.
【解析】考查修辞，选项中哪一个behind没有比喻义，A 我想知道这计划背后的意图是什么，这里behind运用了比喻，B Jim转身去和站在他身后的人说话，这里behind是原本的意思，表示在某人或者物品的后面，表示一个物理距离， 没有运用比喻义。C 这份工作本应该昨天完成的，但是我落后了。使用了比喻。D我觉得我很幸运，因为我的父母总是在我身后支持我，这里的身后，不是爸爸妈妈天天站在你身后（这很吓人），运用了比喻义，表示父母一直陪伴我。选B
20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.
A. a hypothesis
B. a suggestion
C. a contradiction
D. a surprise
【解析】考查虚拟语气，would have done，表示对过去事情的猜测，我母亲致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人，她一定会对这20年来实现的成就非常自豪，这里表示推测，她会感到骄傲。是一种猜测和假设，选择hypothesis. 选A
21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.
A. justice
B. testimony
C. trial
D. Verdict
【解析】考查词汇，固定搭配sb be brought to justice. 将…绳之以法；把…缉拿归案 If a criminal is brought to justice, he or she is punished for a crime by being arrested and tried in a court of law. 选A
They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.他们要求将责任人缉拿归案。
She'd need proof to bring Jason to justice.她需要有证据才能将贾森绳之以法。
【句意】当殴打国王的尽管第一次被缉拿归案时，警察的律师用录像带当作证据反对控告方。
Prosecution 检举；告发, 控方律师
【其他选项单词扩展】
testimony 证词, 常考搭配 A is testimony to B 表示A表明B, A 证明 B
If you say that one thing is testimony to another, you mean that it shows clearly that the second thing has a particular quality.
This book is testimony to a very individual kind of courage. 名词 be indicative of
这本书显示了个人非凡的勇气。
Her living room is also her office, filled with desks, books, papers, a testimony to her dedication to her work.(同位语)
场景铺垫特点。。。。
展示：show/display/exhibit / reveal/ is testimony to
她的客厅也是她的办公室，里面摆满了书桌、书籍和文件，充分证明了她的敬业精神。
Trial 审讯;审理;审判 常考搭配 trial and error 反复试验
We discovered the ideal mix of paint by trial and error. 通过反复尝试，我们调出了理想的漆色。
Verdict （陪审团或法官的）裁决，裁定，裁断
22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.
A. Questionably
B. Arguably
C. Contentiously
D. Debatably
【解析】这一题跟2019年的真题几乎一模一样，大家需要重点关注，考官似乎特别喜欢arguably这个词，考查副词用法，arguably, 后面跟上形容词最高，表示 可以说;按理说
They are arguably the most important band since The Rolling Stones.
他们无疑是继滚石之后最出色的乐队。Arguably, 1932 was the year of greatest achievement at the Laboratories.
可以说1932年是该实验室最有收获的一年。
Whether 主谓宾 is a contentious issue.
可以说2020年是最不寻常的一年。Arguably, 2020 is the most unusual year。
句子意思：可以说，作为最有争议的候选人之一，由于他对女性的评价很粗鲁，受到了严厉的批评。这里补充一下C选项contentious 表示有争议的，可以在写作中替换掉controversial
Abortion is a highly contentious issue. 堕胎是一个非常有争议的课题。debatable有争议的，It 's debatable whether a university degree helps at all.大学学位是否有用是一个具争议的话题。
23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.
A. cut
B. buoy
C. offer
D. offset
【解析】物价最近在上涨以抵消掉不断增加的原材料的成本，抵消offset选D.
发现这句话是牛津高阶字典上的原句，专四出题老师超级超级喜欢用牛津高阶字典上找到原句，然后把重点词抠下来，让大家去选，所以备考专四的同学没事多看看牛津字典上的例句吧，说不定哪个题目就是你看到过的例句咧。
Buoy 表示浮起， The very salty water buoyed her (up) as she swam.她游泳时正是碱水使她漂浮了起来。 还表示鼓舞， 鼓励She was buoyed (up) by the warm reception her audience gave her.观众们热烈的欢迎使她倍受鼓舞。
24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”
A. recommendation
B. recording
C. recollection
D. recognition
【解析】这位名人在法庭上说她不记得自己给过任何人授权离婚。不记得have no recollection of sth Pat has vivid recollections of the trip. 帕特清清楚楚地记得那次旅行。I have no recollection of meeting her before. 我不记得以前见过她。选C
25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.
A. consists
B. constitutes
C. composes
D. constructs
【解析】解析：什么是一个好的角度，或者说什么是一张好的自拍，植根于我们所认为的美当中。选B
这里考官想考查“什么构成了/是一个好的角度”这个构成/组成/是对应的是constitute 这里我会直接把constitute翻译是“是”，这个考点在SAT文法真题中也考查，英文解释constitute
V-LINK 连系动词被视为;可算作 If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing. 相当于=be regarded as “是，当作”看看下列例句帮助理解
最近的这次失败是对政府的一次重挫。This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the government.
怎样算是虐待？ What constitutes abuse?
The vote hardly constitutes a victory.这次投票很难被视为一次胜利。
Consist在专四中一般考查 A consist of B A 由B组成
Breakfast consisted of porridge served with butter.
早餐是麦片粥配佐餐黄油。
A consist in B 在于;存在于
The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.乘飞机旅行的好处在于快捷、舒适。
For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.对她来说，幸福就是看电视和读杂志。
Compose 常见用法是A is composed of B
Air is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
空气主要由氮和氧组成。
The committee is composed of MPs, doctors, academics and members of the public.委员会由议员、医生、学者和普通民众组成。
26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.
A. final
B. further
C. supplementary
D. Extra
【解析】考查固定搭配 go the extra mile ：to make more effort than is expected of you 付出比别人期望中还要大的努力 He's a nice guy, always ready to go the extra mile for his friends.他是个好人，帮助朋友总是尽心尽力。
27. The teachers’ union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.
A. fired
B. filed
C. fined
D. filled
【解析】考场词汇和固定搭配, 对某人发起诉讼file a lawsuit against 词提起(诉讼);提出(投诉、请求等) If you file a formal or legal accusation, complaint, or request, you make it officially.
A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police.
他们中的许多人都对警方提出了正式控告。选B 常见搭配 to file for divorce 提交离婚申请书 to file a claim / complaint / petition / lawsuit 提出索赔/申诉；呈交诉状；提起诉讼
28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.
A. debris
B. ruins
C. remains
D. wreck
【解析】考查名词辨析 选D 考查Wreck 特指船等的残骸。
1. a ship that has sunk or that has been very badly damaged 沉船；严重损毁的船
2. a car, plane, etc. that has been very badly damaged in an accident
(事故中)遭严重毁坏的汽车(或飞机等):
Two passengers are still trapped in the wreck. 有两名乘客仍被困在失事的车辆里。
这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。
break → 普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
destroy → 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
ruin → 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
wreck → 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
damage → 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
spoil → 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.
A. countless
B. countable
C. numerical
D. numeral
【解析】从红毯到首映，她把她的设计带到了各种场合。
She brought joy to countless people through her music.
她用音乐给无数的人带来欢乐。
There are countless small ski areas dotted about the province.
该省内遍布着许多小型滑雪场。
numeral=number 名词 数字
numerical 数字的 a numerical calculation数字运算
30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.
A. oceangoing
B. oceanic
C. marine
D. maritime
【解析】考查形容词辨析，句意：一家主流的海事情报和运营公司发布了对海盗和针对海员犯罪的报告。考查表示“海洋的”形容词，海事公司我们一般用maritime company, maritime 和人类活动更加相关，英文解释connected with human activity at sea 海运的；航海的；海事的 Amalfi and Venice were important maritime powers.阿马尔菲和威尼斯一度是重要的海事基地。Make sure you visit the maritime museum if you're interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring.如果你对舰船或航海感兴趣，一定要参观一下那家海事博物馆。
而marine 常见搭配是海洋生物 marine life The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands.浮油严重威胁着岛屿周围的海洋生物。
Oceanic relating to oceans 大洋的，海洋的
oceanic crust/plates海洋地壳／板块
1.ADJ 形容词远洋航行的；远洋的 Ocean-going ships are designed for travelling on the sea rather than on rivers, canals, or lakes.
At the height of his shipping career he owned about 60 ocean-going vessels.
他在航运事业的巅峰时期拥有将近60艘远洋轮船。
