维多利亚3开发日志#15 | 9/16 奴隶制

牧游社 牧有汉化翻译

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #15 – Slavery

Wizzington, Game Director Victoria 3

It's Thursday again, which means it's time for another Victoria 3 development diary. Today's subject of slavery is a rather heavy one, being both one of the most significant political issues of the Victorian era as well a story of untold suffering on a human level. For this reason, before I start getting into the mechanics of slavery I want to briefly explain our philosophy behind its representation in Victoria 3.

又到周四——又一篇维多利亚3开发日志到来的时候啦。今天我们来聊聊一个相当沉重的话题：奴隶制Slavery，它既是维多利亚时代最重要的政治问题之一，也是人类层面上无法言说的苦难故事。出于这个原因，在我开始进入奴隶制的机制之前，我想简述一下我们在维多利亚 3的游戏表象背后的哲学。

Slavery is, obviously, a horrific crime against humanity and precisely for this reason, many games that have a slavery-related setting or mechanics will either leave it out of the game or abstract it into something that's less 'on the nose' (for example by simply applying some form of economic bonus at the expense of decreased stability). For Victoria 3, we don’t think these options work for us for two main reasons.

显然，奴隶制是一种可怕的反人类罪行，因此，许多与奴隶制相关的游戏要么闭口不谈，要么将其抽象为不那么“引人注目”的东西（例如通过简单地以降低稳定性为代价来获得某种形式的经济红利）。在维多利亚3中，我们不会采用类似措施，主要有两个原因。

The first reason is that as I mentioned before, it was an important political issue of the day and was a major catalyst for several significant conflicts, most notably the American Civil War which would be bizarrely contextless if slavery did not play a significant role in the game. The other, and most important reason, is that through our Pop system we are trying to represent every individual human on the planet from 1836, so what statement would we be making if we simply wrote all enslaved individuals out of history, or reduced them into an abstract set of modifiers?

首先，如上文所说，奴隶制是当时一个重要的政治问题，是几场重大冲突的导火索，最显著的就是美国内战——如果游戏中没有出现奴隶制，这场战争会变得毫无背景、发生得十分离奇。另一个，也是最重要的原因是，通过我们的人口系统，我们试图将从 1836 年以来地球上的每一个人表示出来，如果我们简单地将所有被奴役的人从历史中删除，或者将他们简化为一系列抽象的数值修正，那我们之前说的话还作不作数呢？

Instead, our aim is to try and represent the institution, systems and causes of slavery, as well as the people who lived under and fought against it, as close to history as we can get it. We simply believe this to be the most respectful way for us to handle this topic, as well as the way that's most true to the game Victoria 3 aspires to be. With that said, let's get into the actual mechanics of how slavery and slave pops function in Victoria 3.

相反，我们的目标是尝试和表现奴隶制的形成、制度和成因，以及生活在它之下并与之抗争的人们，并且尽可能地接近历史。我们只是相信这是我们处理这个话题的最尊重的方式，也是我们最希望维多利亚3表现出的最真实的模式。话虽如此，让我们接着来聊聊维多利亚3中奴隶制和奴隶人口实际运作的机制。

As was mentioned in the Employment and Qualifications dev diary, slaves are what Victoria 2 would have called a 'Pop Type' and Victoria 3 calls a 'Profession', but function in a significantly different way from other Pops. For one, slaves do not get hired with the enticement of a wage and do not have the freedom to choose the place they work. Slaves also aren't just able to stop being slaves by switching their Profession to one that does offer a wage and freedom of movement.

正如关于就业和资格的那篇开发日志中所提到的，奴隶是维多利亚2中的“人口类型”、维多利亚3中的“职业”，但其功能与其他Pop截然不同。一方面，奴隶不是靠工资的诱惑而被雇佣的，也没有选择工作地点的自由。奴隶也不能通过改变职业、成为自由劳动力的方式来停止做奴隶。

These Slaves are given the bare minimum of goods not to starve, resulting in a very slight population increase over time but a generally miserable existence for the people that make up the Pop

这些奴隶被提供了最基本的免于饿死的商品，导致他们的数量随着时间的推移而略有增加，但对于组成Pop的人们来说，他们的生活普遍悲惨。

Buildings that 'employ' slaves also do so in a way that differs from the way they employ other Professions. The gist of how this works is that in a state that has slaves, certain buildings (for example plantations) that employ laborers or peasants can fill each available position for those Professions with either a laborer/peasant or a slave. As an example, a Cotton Plantation in a slave state that has the capacity to employ 4000 laborers could fill that capacity with 2240 slaves and 1760 laborers, 4000 laborers and 0 slaves, or any other combination of the two less or equal to 4000. Generally buildings will prefer acquiring slaves over hiring free laborers whenever possible for the economic benefits it brings.

“雇用”奴隶的建筑也和雇佣其他职业的建筑不同。其运作方式是，在一个有奴隶的地区，雇用劳工或农民的某些建筑物（例如种植园）既可以用工人/农民也可以奴隶来填补这些职业的空缺。例如，一个棉花种植园可容纳4000名劳动力，它可以雇用2240个奴隶和1760名劳工，或是雇用4000名劳工和0名奴隶，或是两者任意总数少于或等于4000的组合。只要可以，建筑会更喜欢获取奴隶而不是雇用自由劳动力，因为前者可以带来经济利益。

So what are those economic benefits? Well, first, it should be understood that said economic benefits are mostly for the owners of the building, meaning a bunch of wealthy aristocrats in the case of Cotton Plantations. Instead of paying wages, each building decides a standard of living based on factors such as laws and profitability and purchases the 'necessary' goods for that target standard of living. This target SoL may not always be at the level of outright starvation but is never going to be anything but a very basic existence.

那么这些经济利益是什么呢？我们首先应该明白，所说的经济利益主要是给建筑的所有者的，在棉花种植园的情况下，受益者是一帮有钱的贵族。使用奴隶的话，每栋建筑不必支付工资，而是根据法律和盈利能力等因素来决定一个生活水平，并以该生活水平为目标购买“必需”商品。这个目标生活水平可能并不总是彻底饥饿，但绝对只是维持在一个非常基本的水平上。

The cost to purchase said goods is simply added as a building expense and is virtually always going to be cheaper than employing paid labor, which translates into lower costs, higher profits and increased dividends for the building owners. Slaves also do not pay taxes in any form, so if the government wants to convert those profits into revenue, they have to do so through the various forms of wealth-based taxes that are always going to be deeply unpopular with the powerful elite.

购买上述商品的成本只是作为建筑的开支来计算的，而且总是比雇用有偿劳动力便宜，这意味着成本更低、利润更高，并能为所有者增加利润。奴隶也不以任何形式纳税，因此如果政府想要将这些利润转化为收入，他们必须通过各种形式的基于财富的税收来实现，而这些税收总是收到权势精英的抵制。

These Tobacco plantations on Cuba have fully replaced the usual Laborer workforce with Slaves instead, leading to greater wealth for the Aristocrats

古巴的这些烟草种植园用奴隶完全取代了通常的劳动力，从而为贵族带来了更多的财富。

However, there is one economic advantage to slavery that goes a little beyond just enriching aristocrats: Slave pops have a higher ratio of workforce to dependents than other pops, meaning that a population of 100k slaves can supply the labor needs of a greater number of buildings than a population of 100k laborers. The key thing here is of course that not all buildings can utilize slaves, so this isn't going to be doing any good for an industrialized manufacturing economy, but a country that aims to keep its economy agriculture/plantation-focused and suffers from a labor shortage may find the brutal economics of slavery to work in its favor, if they’re willing to stomach the human cost and stamp down on any resistance.

然而，奴隶制的经济优势不仅仅是让贵族发财：奴隶Pop的劳动力与受抚养人的比率高于其他Pop，这意味着10万奴隶能比10万劳工满足更多建筑物的劳动力需求。这里的关键当然是，并非所有建筑物都要使用奴隶，这对工业化制造业经济没有任何好处，但对于一个旨在保持其农业/种植园经济并存在劳动力短缺的国家可能会发现奴隶制的残酷经济有利可图，如果他们愿意承担人道成本并消除任何阻力的话。

So what of that resistance? Well, given that slavery is founded entirely on human misery, slaves are naturally not going to be content with their lot in life, and will attempt to resist by whatever means are available to them. Mechanically this translates into a steady stream of radicalized slaves and the threat of turmoil and slave uprisings. This threat to a slave society can usually be averted with sufficiently repressive measures, but fear and violence is not a good foundation for a completely stable country.

那么反抗呢？咳，由于奴隶制完全建立在人类的苦难之上，奴隶们自然不会满足于他们的生活，且会尝试以任何可能的方式反抗。从游戏机制上来说，这意味着源源不断的激进奴隶，以及动乱和奴隶起义的风险。这种对奴隶社会的威胁通常可以通过足够多的镇压来避免，但恐惧和暴力不是一个完全稳定的国家的良好基础。

Of course, resistance to slavery doesn't just come from the slaves themselves, but also from Abolitionists, both internally in your country (in the form of characters and Interest Groups with the Abolitionist ideology) and externally in the form of Abolitionist-led countries that may hinder or put pressure on slave regimes that aren’t strong enough to resist them. The most notable historical example here being Britain and its naval efforts to stamp out the trans-atlantic slave trade in the 19th century.

当然，反抗奴隶制的不仅仅是奴隶本身，还有废奴主义者。他们既来自于你的国家内部（以具有废奴主义意识形态的人物或利益集团的形式），也来自于国外由废奴主义者领导的国家。这些国家可能会对没有强大到足以抵抗他们的奴隶政权妨碍或施压。这方面最著名的历史事件就是19世纪大不列颠及其海军对打击跨大西洋奴隶贸易所付出的努力。

With the explanation out of the way, let's talk about slavery laws. These are what govern who (if anyone) is enslaved or emancipated and where (if anywhere) slavery can exist in your country. They are as follows:

说完这些解释，让我们来谈谈与奴隶制相关的法律。他们决定了谁（如果有的话）被奴役或解放，以及国家中的哪些地区（如果有的话）可以存在奴隶制。法律有以下这些：

Slavery Abolished: The law that most countries with advanced economies start with. Under this law, slavery is completely illegal and on its passage any slave pops in the country are immediately emancipated and converted into laborers. If a country with this law comes into possession of land where slaves are living, said slaves are also immediately emancipated as above.

废除奴隶制：大部分经济发达的国家在开局时拥有此法律。根据这项法律，奴隶制是完全非法的。一旦通过，国家中的任何奴隶人口都会被立即解放并转变成劳工。如果实施此法律的国家获得了有奴隶生活的土地，这些奴隶也会立即获得上述解放。

Debt Slavery: This law is meant to represent traditional systems of generally debt-based slavery, present in a number of economically less advanced and/or decentralized countries. Under Debt Slavery, Pops of low Wealth levels will gradually create a trickle of new slaves (with poorer pops converting into slaves at a higher rate), as individuals sell themselves or others into slavery for economic reasons such as debt repayment. However, under this system, children born to slaves are born free, so slave populations will not grow by themselves.

债务奴隶制：这条法律旨在体现传统体制下的普遍以债务为基础的奴隶制，该制度存在于一些经济不那么发达和/或权力分散的国家。在债务奴隶制下，由于个人出于偿还债务等经济原因将自己或他人出售为奴隶，财富等级较低的Pop中将会逐渐产生新的奴隶（越贫穷的人口转化为奴隶的速度越快）。但是，在这种制度下，奴隶所生的孩子是自由民，所以奴隶人口并不会自然增长。

Slave Trade: This law is meant to represent the kind of widespread chattel slavery practised in places such as Brazil and Cuba. Under Slave Trade, the children of slaves are born as slaves and new slaves can also be imported from abroad. We'll not go over exactly how slave import works today, but the gist of it is that slaves can be imported from decentralized countries that practice slavery if the importer has an established Interest in the region (more on Interests at a later point).

奴隶贸易制：这条法律旨在体现在巴西和古巴等地普遍实行的动产奴隶制。在奴隶贸易制下，奴隶的孩子仍是奴隶，且可以从国外进口新的奴隶。今天我们不会详细解释奴隶进口的具体机制，重点在于，如果进口商在实施奴隶制的权力分散的国家建立了利益存在Interest，那么他就可以从该地区进口奴隶（之后会详细介绍利益存在）。

Legacy Slavery: This law is meant to represent countries that have made slave trade illegal but not abolished it altogether, most notably the United States of America. Under Legacy Slavery, the country is divided into Free States and Slave States. In Free States, slavery is illegal and everything functions exactly as if the country had the Slavery Abolished law, while Slave States function as though they had the Slave Trade law with the notable exception that new slaves cannot be imported from abroad. Under this law, slaves also tend to have a slightly higher standard of living for the simple reason that a starving slave population isn't demographically sustainable. This law also plays an important role in how the American Civil War functions in the game, but that's a topic for a later dev diary.

遗留奴隶制：这条法律旨在体现那些将奴隶贸易定为非法但尚未完全废除奴隶制的国家，这些国家中最著名的当属美国。在遗留奴隶制下，国家被划分为自由州和蓄奴州。在自由州，奴隶制是非法的，一切都像国家实行的是废除奴隶制那样；而蓄奴州的运作则类似于奴隶贸易制，不过它们不能从国外进口新奴隶。在这条法律下，奴隶们往往也拥有略高的生活水平。原因很简单，如果奴隶会饿死的话，就无法维持一定的奴隶人口数量。这项法律同时也对游戏中美国南北战争的运作原理有很大影响，但这是以后的开发日志的话题了。

The United States starts the game with the Legacy Slavery law. Surely, nothing will go wrong if they start trying to abolish it right away?

美国在游戏开始时实行遗留奴隶制。当然，如果他们立即开始废除这项法律也不会有什么问题，不是吗？

Since slavery laws function just like any other laws, it is possible for them to change in different ways: a country with Slave Trade may follow the US example and change to Legacy Slavery as a compromise alternative to abolishing it altogether, and a country that has fully abolished slavery can even try to bring it back. Given that no country in history actually re-legalized chattel slavery after abolishing it, this is very difficult to do (once abolished there will generally be a strong anti-slavery bastion in a country that aren’t going to look kindly on such proposals). Of course, trying to abolish slavery isn’t likely to happen without resistance either - those wealthy aristocrats who benefit from it have a vested interest in defending it, after all.

由于奴隶制相关的法律和其他法律的运作原理是一样的，它们也可以通过多种不同的方式改变：一个实行奴隶贸易制的国家可能会仿照美国的例子，将其变为遗留奴隶制，以此作为完全废除奴隶制的妥协替代方案；而一个完全废除奴隶制的国家甚至可以尝试恢复奴隶制，因为在历史上没有任何一个国家在废除动产奴隶制之后重新将其合法化，这将很难做到（一旦废除，国家中通常都会有一个强力的反奴隶制堡垒，而他们可不会对这样的提议友好）。当然，试图废除奴隶制也不大可能在没有反抗的情况下发生——毕竟，那些从中受益的有钱的贵族在捍卫奴隶制方面有着既得利益。

Lyman Beecher, leader of the Devout Interest Group in the United States, is an ardent opponent of slavery

里曼·比彻，美国虔信徒利益集团的领袖，是奴隶制的积极反对者。

On that note, we've reached the end of this dev diary, though we'll return a bit to this topic in the future when we talk about diplomacy (which isn't that far away now!). Next week we're going to go over the system of States and their related mechanics such as State Regions, Split States and Turmoil.

说到这里，我们已经到了这篇开发日志的结尾了，但我们以后在讲到外交的时候会稍微提到这个话题（就在不远的将来！）。下周我们将谈谈地区State系统以及他们相关的机制，例如地域State Regions、分割地区Split States和动乱Turmoil。、

翻译：莱恩希德公爵 Parapinakes

校对：三等文官猹中堂

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