英语四级写作（05/31视频的配套讲义）
四级写作
CET_4 Writing—评分标准
It was the morning of April 6th, 2003. At about 7:30, I went to school by bike as usual. It was a rainy day and the road was slippery. On the way, I noticed a boy riding in front of me, talking loudly with his friends. He didn’t wear a raincoat; instead he held an umbrella in one hand, and rode with another hand. （14分）
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the road. Then, with a big sound, the accident happened. The red car stopped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following car couldn’t respond immediately. The back of the red car was badly damaged, but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.（11分）
The yellow car involved in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened. Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction. There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.(8分）
内容不跑题即可，注意：
1.不要妄图以情动人；
2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。
结构上牢记总分总：
先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，
最后写总结句(Conclusion)。
语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。
1 、主谓一致
It not only relieves the burden on the big city, but also provide a much better environment for people to live in.One serious problem human beings are faced with are how to use our natural resources economically.
2、 连接词用法不当
Although an opportunity is rare, but we must be ready to seize it.when people try to attain high speed by using cars and buses, and this creates new problems.Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton, some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
3、主谓不齐全/多谓语
Many people who get married before they are mature enough .There are many people take part in sports and games now.As we all know what haste caused in the 1960s and 1970s in China.
4、时态的误用
1 second, people nowadays are paying to the structure of their diet.
2 Electric power helped us to develop at a faster speed than ever before, and it will certainly help our society to move ahead in future.
5、修饰成分主语应与主句主语一致
By reading the directions carefully, some mistakes in the examination could have been avoided.
Crossing the bridge, our university campus came in sight.
6、句式单一
I think two factors caused this problem. First, I think the government did not know its importance and did not put enough stress on preventing it. Second, I think economic incentive is an important factor for people to risk their lives. Do you think so?
丰富句式的方式
1) 定语从句 (限定性和非限定性)
There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.
2) 状语从句 (时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等)
When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.Whatever the reason is, there are still some problems with student use of computers.
3) 分词短语做定语或状语
Mr. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to prepare for the CET Band-4
4) 强调句
5) 倒装句
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
7) What句型
We totally agree with what you have just said.
8) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
词语的选择
30个常用替换词
许多大学生沉迷于打游戏、恋爱或者在宿舍打发无聊的时光，结果当毕业临近时，才发现自己的成绩一塌糊涂。
An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games，enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ，as a result，they find their academic records are less impressive.
代替 people ，persons：individuals，characters，folks
代替 good：positive，favorable，rosy，promising ，perfect，
pleasurable ，excellent，outstanding
代替 bad：dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse
reap huge fruits代替get much benefit。
for my part，from my own perspective代替in my opinion。
increasing(ly)，growing代替more and more
eg. Sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
little if anything，或little or nothing代替hardly。
beneficial rewarding代替helpful be beneficial of。
shopper，client，consumer，purchaser，代替customer。
exceedingly，extremely代替very。
hardly unnecessary，hardly inevitable ...代替necessary，inevitable。
sth appeals to sb，sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb代替sb take interest in。
capture one's attention代替attract one's attention
be indicative of ，be suggesteive of ，be fearful of代indicate，
suggest ，fear。
give rise to，lead to，result in，trigger代替cause。
There are several reasons behind sth代替..reasons for sth。
desire代替want。
pour attention into代替pay attention to
bear in mind that代替remember。
enjoy， possess代替have。
interaction代替communication。
frown on sth代替be against ，disagree with sth。
文章类型和行文思路
I、对比观点选择题
（1）.有人认为……； （2）.另外一些人认为……；
（3）.谈谈你的观点和看法。（最好写成4段）
实例二 99年6月真题
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline:
1. 有人认为读书要有选择
2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法
（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；
（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
Score: 14分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone
has his own view.（启）
注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
(承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；
（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.
Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）
注：1. 本段总分总结构 2. they argue that = they think that
3. with the development of... 随着……的发展
4. what's more 递进关系，moreover 5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（转）Paragraph III：
（1）承上启下的过渡句； （2）提出另一种观点或缺；
（3）本段的支持性分论点 （4）本段总（可以省略）。
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）
注：1. But 转折词（信号词）
2. they emphasize that = they think that
3. today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比
4. 许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge；获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge
5. knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉
选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:
（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；
（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法
Paragraph II:
（1）提出作者观点（本文主题句）；
（2）举例加以论证。
Paragraph III:
（1）总结全文（再次强调作者观点）
II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构
Paragraph 1:
(1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点（general）；
(2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点（或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本
看法specific）。
Paragraph 2:
(1) 作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句；
(2) 支持性的细节分论点（至少两点）；
(3) 本段总结（可以省略）。
Paragraph 3:
(1) 总结全文，定下结论（通常为我的对策或看法）。
四级作文试题2000年1月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决。
2. 哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。
How I Finance My College Education
第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点：
Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees
for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.
第二段：有多种的方法，例如：1.向父母; 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱
第二段主题句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.
第二段分写：
In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.
In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.
What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.
第三段：我所赞同的方法（阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法）。
Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.
For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.
For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.
In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.
Therefore /So /Hence,.....
使文章富有表现力的手段：
1、使用有难度的词汇；
2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子；
3、使用被动语态；
4、使用倒装句；(not only... but also...；only...)
5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。
III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）
图表题的写作逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:
（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；
（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。
Paragraph II:
（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；
（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。
Paragraph III:
（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；
（2）总结全文和表达作者自己III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）
图表题的写作逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:
（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；
（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。
Paragraph II:
（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；
（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。
Paragraph III:
（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；
（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点
Changes in People’s Diet
Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:
1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.
2. Give possible reasons for the changes.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
【修改版】
As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.
There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.
In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.
图表题的适用句型：
1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ...
2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ...
3. As can be shown in the table ...,
4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ...,
5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ...
VI 1 信函写作
语域选择：正式和非正式
正式：使用礼貌表达，没有缩略语，没有省略
I would like you to come to my office to pick
up the ticket.
非正式：可以省略，可以缩写
come to my office for a ticket.
正式：I would like to.
非正式：I’d like to
正式：I can not do that.
非正式：I can't do that.
格式
信件组成部分：称呼、正文、落款
称呼:
不认识收信人：Dear Sir/Madam
To Whom It May Concern
认识收信人： Dear Ms. President
Dear Mr. Wang
格式: 结束语
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
缩进式：每段开头空四个字母，段与段间不空行
Dear Bob,
I am writing to express my apology to you. Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. I was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please accept my apologies.
Sincerely yours， Li Ming
齐头式：每段开头不空格 ，段与段间空行
Dear Bob,
I am writing to express my apology to you. Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please
accept my apologies.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
书信正文：写作目的、具体内容、感谢或期待
书信分类:
1 建议信 投诉信
2 申请信 推荐信
3 道歉信 感谢信 祝贺信 慰问信
4 辞职信
书信写作的五点要求：
第一段：开门见山说意图
第二段：咨询/ 建议及原因/感谢及原因/道歉及原因/。。。
第三段：表示感谢或是期待回复
51. Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor for your magazine for the reason of myself.
I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.
So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit. Please accept my apology.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2014热门作文话题
1 环保
2 节约
3 就业
预测话题之一 电影电视对于人们的影响
How do movies or television influence people’s behavior?
Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
【范文】 The Influence of Television and Movies
There is no doubt that watching television and movies can influence the way that people behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be ignored.
One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit advertisements. Another way TV and the movies affect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. Those who watch news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. It may make them become dissatisfied with their own lives. Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or in the movies.
With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these effects. Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take the place of real experience.
预测话题之二 自私与贪欲
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120words .following the outline given below in Chinese:
"Nowadays People Are Selfish and Greedy."Do You Agree or Disagree with This Point of View?
There is no doubt that some people are selfish and greedy. For example, some merchants sell their fake commodities at the market place for more profit. They are rich and want to be richer. There are also government officials who sell people's trust. Senior officials who take bribes by selling the power in their hands are not a few. Those people believe in the precept "Everyone for himself and the devil take the hind most."
However, the majority of people are neither selfish nor greedy. They contribute much and ask for little. Countless examples can be found around us, the PLA soldiers who sacrificed themselves for saving people's lives in fighting the disastrous floods and the warriors in white who risked their lives to save SARS victims being two of the most typical. Or, contrast to the selfish and corrupt official they are heroes, who set up glorious images for us.
The idea that nowadays people are selfish and greedy is probably attributed to the influence of the mass media which tend to over exaggerate the negative aspects of life.Many newspapers, particularly many local evening papers,and TV films play up nastiness by reporting and showing too much about violence and sex. A lot of books, too, portray selfishness and greed to seek sensational effect and economic profit.I wonder whether they are selfish and greedy, too?
预测话题之三 占座的问题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1) 很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍
2) 这种现象会带来哪些影响
3) 你对此的看法
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
预测话题之四 各种图表作文
这类作文时，注意以下几点：
审题时，除了要把握好图表的表层信息外， 还要分析图标的深层含义，如原因、根源、可能的发展趋势等。图表中所提供的说明文字往往是问题的切入点，一定要仔细分析。
描述数据时要抓住重点，为中心服务，不必面面俱到，切忌毫无目的地罗列图表中的数据。如果数据较多，抓住图表中的极端点（如最大或最小、最多或最少，最好或最差）和基本相同进行描述。
主题句应明确，最好放在文章的开头，这样会使重点突出，主题明了
第一段：总体描述图表，指明时间段，指出突出变化或不同
常用句型或短语：
As is clearly shown in the char/ table/graph, ___________
According to the figures given in the table/chart/graph, ____________
It can be seen from the table/chart/graph, _____________________.
The figures in the table/chart reflect that ________________.
especially, ________________（指出突出变化）
第二段：（分析原因）
There are several factors leading to this change / difference ……..
There are several reasons for _____________.(引出原因)
To begin with, _______(原因一)
In addition, ______________（原因二0
For example, _________（举例说明）
Last but not the least, __________（原因三）
To sum up——————————————（简要总结）
第三段：自己的观点
As for me, ____________
On the one hand, ________
on the other, ____
In brief，_____________________.
数据变化常用句型
表示逐句增长
The number of …. has grown steadily from … to…..in 2009.
has risen from ….
shows a tendency to increase
climbed
went sharply up
soared
tends to go up / increase
There was a rapid / sharp / dramatic / gradual / slow increase /
rise in the number of …. who…..
The number of …. is on the rise / increase.
The increase of …. has reached to ….
表示数据降低
The number of … dropped steadily from … to …in 2008.
declined suddenly
fell
tends to go down
tendency to fall
shows a tendency to decrease
There was a sharp fall …. in the number of … in 2008.
gradual decrease
sudden reduction
slow decline
drop
