{"ops":[{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7fe7894e5180bf05f9f4e99b401e238ff73b61fa.jpg","width":1200,"height":1200,"size":387908,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n先看评论区！先看评论区！先看评论！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！.."},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"武器名称：卡曼莱德步枪（Kammerlader）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"枪械种类：后膛枪（Breechloading Rife）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"结构类型：曲柄式闭锁（Crank arm breechblock）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"产地国籍：挪威（Norway）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"生产年份；1842-1870"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"弹药种类：铅弹→米涅弹→边缘发火弹"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"发明者：炮兵上尉Frederik W.Scheel/枪械工程师Niels Gregersen"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"生产厂家：康士伯兵工厂（Konsberg Vapenfabrik）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n*注：此类“升膛”式后膛结构并非卡曼莱德独有。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/f327d2065abbcf38b8e25ebfb5a394985abb22bc.jpg","width":1920,"height":864,"size":189986,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【早在霍尔1819（Hall M1819）步枪上就有此类结构出现】\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7d9e1e6ad4801434f32cbb855058b74b276c4a80.jpg","width":1563,"height":798,"size":894389,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【↓丹麦的Kammerlader，名字都不是独有的】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/c1898d80a6c2677219afac8412cf9f699572700b.jpg","width":850,"height":164,"size":33071,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n第一章 卡曼莱德的诞生"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n 卡曼莱德最早可以追溯到1837的挪威轻兵器委员会。由当时的挪威国王卡尔十四世.约翰发起的轻步兵武器研究组织。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5ab0cc2789681cc86901540c1f589d5ffd7e55d7.jpg","width":800,"height":1239,"size":516119,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 根据18-19世纪的战争观察报告，之前使用的传统前装枪；精确度不佳、装填时间过长、以及在潮湿环境下难以保养。针对提出的这几个问题，挪威军方提出的要求是；口径小于以往的步枪、要求更高的射速、更准、射程更长，以此基础开展的新一代后膛枪的研究计划。\n 在解决这几项问题的基础上，研究人员采用了开放性枪膛的思路。采用逆时针旋转的曲柄来控制枪膛的升降，开放后膛也是该枪的最大特点。\n 在真正的卡曼莱德登场之前也出现了不少实验型枪械【根据资金和版权问题，无法展示】按照名字都可被称为kammerlader步枪。也算是她的姐妹们。\n 而最早登场的卡曼莱德则是Scheel / Gregersen 18 lødig Kammerlader 1838\n*18 lødig（1挪威磅（挪威计量单位）铅-可融制18颗铅弹"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 由委员会成员炮兵上尉弗雷德里克 W.谢尔（Frederik W.Scheel）提出想法，枪械工匠尼尔斯.格雷戈里（Niels Gregersen）完成设计制造。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/6c96a0c23fceaa03d1d93e0a44f99a405cedcf42.jpg","width":635,"height":867,"size":319788,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【弗雷德里克W.谢尔（Frederik W.Scheel）长得有点像肯德基】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/0159626f6d437141b5b9c2ffe45854c5790be4f8.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":253855,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【最早登场的Scheel / Gregersen 18 lødig Kammerlader 1838】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d3e903e18b7b7b6a1f01258d2bcc2881b67434c3.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":293814,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【1838的改进版，将击锤和板机设计分开】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/84e0196daaf1c20358b58efd61343abc5c0f40af.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":213024,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【最终定型款1839，增加了一个击锤护圈】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/a481d04c47999751f523d2317c5e709f2b662c30.jpg","width":1199,"height":1013,"size":258024,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【正式量产款式M1842，与德莱塞针发枪同属唯二大规模装配给武装部队的后膛枪】\n\n枪械结构"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7fe7894e5180bf05f9f4e99b401e238ff73b61fa.jpg","width":1200,"height":1200,"size":387908,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n 枪械的击锤改为枪身下方，板机正前方，安置火帽的击砧出于枪膛的下方。枪膛打开后，将火药倒入枪管，塞入铅弹或米涅弹，使用更短小的通条将子弹推进枪膛。然后顺时针旋转曲柄关闭及锁定后膛。\n 锁定状态下后膛会与枪管贴合的更紧，减少气体泄漏。更高的气密性带来的更精确的准头和更远的射程。开放性后膛能够带来每分钟八发的射速，比以往的前膛枪提高了两倍。\n 根据后续的发展，不同型号的卡曼尔莱德安装了不同样式的金属瞄具。\n 早期使用安装在枪膛后方的双裂片Y型缺口瞄具\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/6eafde735f0941a8647f9304a44fdf98f1fecb9f.jpg","width":1242,"height":741,"size":639283,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【two-leaf rocking sight】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5e91456e74b75bc1d0b6cea7fec340758763ce72.jpg","width":1242,"height":799,"size":536685,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n 后期更改为了标尺型瞄具，被挪威军方命名为滑雪山瞄具，造型更加贴近现代枪械。搭配了此瞄准具的长枪型配发给挪威猎人部队和滑雪部队中的狙击手使用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/4d3d8eb2cbedf091aef9ebce441cbc25ad462dcd.jpg","width":2500,"height":1486,"size":642237,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【Ski hill sight】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 最初的卡曼莱德步枪是为铅弹所设计的，口径为0.66英寸。在1855年改为使用米涅弹，口径更改为0.46英寸（11.7mm）\n 1861年在比利时举行的军事射击比赛中，卡曼莱德被证明是欧洲最准确的军用长枪之一。事实证明，挪威步枪的射程精确度约为1公里（0.6英里），即使按照今天的标准，这也是一项了不起的成就。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"枪械变体"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 卡曼莱德步枪在服役期间被大量开发，根据不同兵种和情况产生了将近12种官方版本的变体。（甚至更多）\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1842陆军"},{"insert":"\n最早的卡曼莱德步枪版本，被定义为概念实验版主要区别是更加细窄的击锤。具体生产数量不详。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1845海军"},{"insert":"\n海军所使用的版本，相较于陆军版更短，枪管上安置了三个枪管带。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1849海军"},{"insert":"\n海军的改进版本，产量更高。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1846/55陆军"},{"insert":"\n1842的更为专业的版本，击锤更宽，将机械瞄具转移至枪膛的前方。被挪威、德国、法国列日的三家工厂进行批量生产，产量约6000支左右。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1849/55陆军"},{"insert":"\n再改进版，也是最常见的卡曼莱德步枪版本，由之前提高的三家工厂进行生产，总产量约有10000支左右，性能稳定，也被作为其他版本的参照物进行对比和参考。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"由挪威康士伯兵工厂（Konsberg Vapenfabrik）生产了剩余的4500支"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/82e5a4129fc1f584bd23c108c9c6e8a559829658.jpg","width":1242,"height":848,"size":119941,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n此型号的瞄具均被安置在枪膛前方。使用了更宽的击锤和重新设计的枪托托垫。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1851 Kammerladdningsgevar for Flottan"},{"insert":"\n瑞典版本的卡曼莱德，在设计中被认为存在故障，所以并未配发给瑞典海军。\n在击锤上增加了一个护圈，有两个枪管带，使用0.58英寸的米涅弹\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/efb62a7ce1bafe5fbecef8bda9dbdf01ad797d1b.jpg","width":700,"height":237,"size":46952,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1852/67海军"},{"insert":"\n海军版的最后一个型号，使用较小的口径，产量未知。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1860/67长枪型"},{"insert":"\n使用0.46英寸（11.7mm口径）的米涅弹版本，枪管则是采用的惠特沃斯风格的六角形膛线，提高了米涅弹的旋转速度和精确射程。其标准步兵版采用了可调节标尺型瞄具，攻击给狙击手和挪威猎人（Norwegian Jegers）使用。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/ec977da944dfa096b5ed18586b04787e694acbed.jpg","width":1242,"height":1230,"size":1096933,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1860/67 短管型"},{"insert":"\nM1860/67的缩短版本，配发给海军和骑兵部队作为卡宾枪使用。从1862年生产了大概3200支短管型号直到1866年停产\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1862/66 炮兵卡宾枪版"},{"insert":"\n大幅度缩短版本，除口径外基本上大多数功能部件都按比例缩短。产量未知\n\n 1867年，挪威军方引入雷明顿M1867步枪和其装备的边缘发火弹。挪威陆军和挪威皇家海军决定将一些卡曼莱德步枪改装为使用边缘发火弹步枪。"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/9dace29d55f4e30e1d9223809ce5506ab5c35a75.jpg","width":1242,"height":295,"size":85237,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【雷明顿M1867和边缘发火弹】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/4289a2a08dbaf14becc0aa52066e104a34157dd6.jpg","width":404,"height":184,"size":38703,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 针对于弹药的改装，一共有两种方案，兰德马克式（Landmark）和隆德式（Lunds）两者虽然称不上是完全成功的，但是都比制造新的雷明顿m1867更加便宜、更快。\n隆德式（Lund）"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 原本的后膛被改成了闭锁块，并且枪管的末端磨出了一个可容纳12.17x44毫米边缘发火弹的宽度使弹药可以直接插进枪管。\n 原先安置火帽的位置添置了一根击针，当击锤敲向击针时，在闭锁块中的击针就会撞向枪管末端的边缘发火弹，以此击发。\n 被挪威陆军选用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/45d9d3031e2bf33af34c15eb46a6565f7ea0d778.jpg","width":1225,"height":610,"size":503116,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"兰德马克式（Landmark）"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 兰德马克式改装由延斯.兰德马克（Jens Landmark）所研制的一种枪械改造方式。将原本的后膛向后翻折填装边缘发火弹。在原本放置火帽的地方添置了一根弯曲的击针。\n 由挪威海军选用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/3f5bd39dc192e4bb3329fd3cb381e96843ffed25.jpg","width":640,"height":427,"size":96171,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"【延斯.兰德马克】；挪威军官和政治家。中校军衔，从1854年到1880年担任康士伯兵工厂的厂长，挪威议会委任三届市长。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/55bfc2e922e77bdba29160fe2ad4c906501de590.jpg","width":1242,"height":1704,"size":1240737,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"对比图"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/aab34799b0a0066a597527050a97cceae14f7fd5.jpg","width":800,"height":841,"size":233196,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 【原版 兰德马克 隆德】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/21a1f8062dd1f6688965f6015566a15bc1faf5be.jpg","width":900,"height":634,"size":539277,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n\n 一些卡曼莱德步枪，据说改造为了使用类似雷明顿M1867的滚动式闭锁。但是目前没有找到相关图片。"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/ea4d6c6db7a059557326589ae311abcf22d9a528.jpg","width":1242,"height":583,"size":516824,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 在28年的服役中，卡曼莱德步枪在任何重大冲突中均没有被使用过。然而，它在许多方面与普鲁士德莱塞针发枪进行对比。\n 因为德莱塞采用的更为先进的栓动式结构，虽然卡曼莱德在枪口速度、精度、有效射程中占有优势，但是在射速和机动性上还是无法和德莱塞步枪比拟，况且德莱斯的重量更轻。\n 1871年，面对更新式的金属整装弹步枪，这支步枪开始退出现役。但它一直顽强的挣扎到克拉格 - 约根森步枪装备挪威军队。很多卡曼尔莱德步枪在退役后被融化和改造，成为民用步枪甚至民用制品。\n【克拉格.约根森步枪】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/451efc5b94b208e5406072d2d83b07e52160b863.jpg","width":1800,"height":446,"size":169988,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"cut-off"},"insert":{"cut-off":{"type":"2","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/71bf2cd56882a2e97f8b3477c9256f8b09f361d3.png"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"维基百科搜索：Kammerlader"},{"insert":"\n康士伯兵工厂网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kongsberg.com/who-we-are/200-years-of-excellence/"},"insert":"https://www.kongsberg.com/who-we-are/200-years-of-excellence/"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/11/sights-iron-sights-adjustable-sights.html?m=1"},"insert":"http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/11/sights-iron-sights-adjustable-sights.html?m=1"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Rifle&weaponid=RIF0017"},"insert":"https://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Rifle&weaponid=RIF0017"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://collections.royalarmouries.org/object/rac-object-10667.html"},"insert":"https://collections.royalarmouries.org/object/rac-object-10667.html"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"http://dutchman.rebooty.com/12744r.html"},"insert":"http://dutchman.rebooty.com/12744r.html"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://svartkrutt.net/articles/vis.php?id=31"},"insert":"https://svartkrutt.net/articles/vis.php?id=31"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kvf.no/guns/rifle/bilder/Rifle-Kongsberg-Kammerlader-M1852-67-3.jpg"},"insert":"https://www.kvf.no/guns/rifle/bilder/Rifle-Kongsberg-Kammerlader-M1852-67-3.jpg"},{"insert":"\n资料来源网站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.gunboards.com/threads/the-birth-of-the-kammerlader.416646/"},"insert":"https://www.gunboards.com/threads/the-birth-of-the-kammerlader.416646/"},{"insert":"\n"}]}
标签：
