Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine
·单词
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境
·trap trapped trapped trapping
·be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井里
·n. 困境，陷阱，圈套
·It is a trap. Don't trust them. 这是一个陷阱，不要相信他们
surface n. 地面，表面
explosive n. 炸药
vibration n. 震动
collapse v. 坍塌
drill v. 钻孔
·drill a hole 钻一个眼
capsule n. 容器
layer n. 层
beneath prep. 在 ... 之下
lower v. 放下，降低
progress v. 进展，进行
·n. 进展，进步，前进
·make progress 做出进展，有了进步
·make progress in/with sth. 在某事上取得进展
·economic progress 经济方面的进步
smoothly adv. 顺利地
·本课句型
·课文
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
brought to the surface 被带到表面：从某种状态或位置中被带到表面或公众视野中
rescue operations 营救行动
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
·there had not been there be 句型
As it is 事实上
they still have a long way to go 他们仍然有很长的路要走，文中的意思是他们离钻透还早着呢
keep in touch with 与 ... 保持联系
run out of 用完，耗尽
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
·正常语序：it was how difficult to drill through the hard rock
·lose heart 失望，丧失信心
·知识拓展
if 条件状语从句
·真实条件句（是真的，能够成真的）
假设过去：If he were here, I would beat him. 如果他在这里，我会打败他
·如果他过去在这里，我会打他。非常可能发生，因为我早就想打他了
假设现在：I will help you if you are stuck. 如果你遇到困难，我会帮助你
·困难可能会发生，我将会帮助你
假设将来：The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球比赛将延期
·如果天下雨，比赛会延期，我看了天气预报，天有可能会下雨
总结：真实条件句的从句就按照想要假设的时间使用对用的时态，除了假设将来用一般现在时代替将来，主语都是将来时，假设过去是过去将来，假设现在和将来都是一般将来时。
·虚拟条件句（是假的，无法成真的，成真的可能性很小）
假设过去：If I had been a little more careful, I could have found the error. 如果我再仔细一点，我就能发现那个错误了
·实际上没仔细，还是犯了那个错误
假设现在：If we had a map in hand now, we would easily walk out of the froest. 如果我们现在手里有地图，我们就很容易走出森林
·实际上我们手里没有地图
假设将来：If there were/should be/were to be anything wrong in the future, they would tell you at once. 如果将来有什么问题，他们会马上告诉你的
·实际上将来不会出问题
对比：真实条件句是说话人主观上认为能成真的，虚拟条件句是客观上无法成真的或与事实截然相反的。
真实条件句：If I ask her to marry me tomorrow, she will say yes.
·他俩有感情基础，男主很自信，相信求婚大概率能成功。
虚拟条件句：If I asked her to marry me, she might say yes.
·男主是个舔狗，他不相信求婚能成功，且概率极小，女神不鸟他。
