游说 / lobbying

「释义」

游说，是尝试影响立法人员、或是立法机构成员的政治决定或行为。游说由许多不同类型的人员、组织与团体进行，包括私人机构、企业、部分已经同意游说目的的立法人员、政府人员、或利益团体。

「应用场景」

当前的规则和习俗授权企业以多种方式大量参与政治，从游说和聘用前政府官员到旨在影响选举和公民表决行动的开支。许多高管认为，这些做法自然而然、势所必须且有利可图。然而，我们的研究以及与全国企业领导人的互动显示出态度转变的迹象。随着人们越来越期待企业在运营中肩负让所有利害关系人受益的公司使命，企业领导者开始努力解决难题：

• 企业参与政治是改善商业环境还是恶化商业环境？

• 企业的参与是促进了我们的民主——并获得了公众对我们的自由市场经济体制的支持——还是侵蚀了二者？

• 企业能否在不损害公司利益的情况下改变其参与，以促进长期的社会效益？ 

Current rules and customs empower corporations to participate heavily in politics in multiple ways, from lobbying and hiring former government officials to spending aimed at influencing elections and ballot initiatives. Many executives believe that these practices are natural, necessary, and profitable. However, our research and interactions with business leaders across the country reveal indications of a shift in attitudes. As expectations grow for companies to operate with a corporate purpose that benefits all stakeholders, business leaders are beginning to grapple with hard questions:

• Does business’s involvement in politics improve the business environment or worsen it?

• Does business’s involvement advance our democracy—and garner public support for our free-market economic system—or erode them both?

• Can business shift its involvement to promote long-term societal benefit without jeopardizing corporate interests?

以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2020年8月刊《迈克尔·波特：修复美国政治》

凯瑟琳·吉尔（Katherine M. Gehl）迈克尔·波特（Michael E. Porter）丨文

马冰仑 丨编辑