P1~P5（2023年2月25日）

FREE高考英语零基础入门训练

第零章 关于英语的基本常识

一 构成英语的基本单位——字母(书写)

二 英语的词汇

总词汇量 99万

常用词汇量 8-11万

日常生活用语 2000左右

SAT/GRE 12000以上

四级/六级 4000/6000

高考 3000－1783

三 英语的语法

1.词性

名词 (n.）表示人或事物的名称的词

动词 (v.）表示动作和状态的词

形容词（adj.）表示人或事物的特征的词

副词（adv.）修饰动词、形容词和副词的词

连词 (conj.)连接词/短语/句子与词/短语/句子

介词 (prep.）表示名词和代词与其他词的关系

代词 (pron.）是代替名词、形容词和数词的词

冠词 (art.）与名词连用，起说明人或事物的作用

数词（num.）表示数量和顺序的词

感叹词（int.）表示说话人感情或语气的词

2.时态

3.与中文的差异

所有格-'s He is Fred's best friend

动词第三人称单数-s Fred works.

过去时-ed Fred worked.

现在分词/进行时-ing Fred is working

过去分词-en The car was stolen.

动名词-ing Working is good for us.

复数-s Fred has two blue pens.

比较级-er Fred is smarter than Rick.

最高级-est Fred has the fastest car.

第一章 简单句的基本认知

什么是句子

一组词 a group of words

有完整含义complete idea

有主语 person or thing + does or is something

有动词 what the subject does or is

例句

I understand English.

My friend reads quickly.

That cat is black.

注意

所有句子都要以大写字母开始

陈述句以句号“.”结尾

疑问句以问号“？”结尾

感叹句以叹号“！”结尾

在英语的句子中，严禁逗号连接两个句子

第二章 名词的基本知识

一 什么是名词

名词对人物、事物、地点命名

二 名词的单复数 ★

单数指一个，复数指两个或多个

三 名词复数规则变化

1、在词尾直接加s

shop-shops

desk-desks

computer-computers

school-schools

face-faces

house-house

2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词，在词尾加es-

bus-buses

box-boxes

watch-watches

brush-brushes

3、以结尾的词，特殊的四个词加es，其它直接加s

tomato-tomatoes

potato-potatoes

hero-heroes

Negro-Negroes

radio-radios

photo-photos

zoo-zoos

piano-pianos

4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，y变成i加es

baby-babies

city-cities

factory-factories

story-stories

元音字母5个a e i o u

辅音字母21个

5、以f或fe结尾的词

1）f变成v加es

thief-thieves

shelf-shelves

wolf-wolves

leaf-leaves

self-selves

half-halves

wife-wives

knife-knives

life-lives

2）直接加s

roof-roofs

belief-beliefs

proof-proofs

gulf-gulfs

handkerchief-handkerchiefs

6、名词复数不规则变化

1）常见特殊变化

man-men

woman-women

child-children

foot-feet

tooth-teeth

goose-geese

mouse-mice

2）单复数同形

Chinese/Japanese/deer/sheep/fish

3）只有复数没有单数

people/shoes/glasses/gloves/shorts/clothes/socks/trousers/pants/scissors

四 可数名词与不可数名词

可数名词可以变复数形式

不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式

注意

1、不可数名词只用单数，不和a/an及数词搭配使用。

2、不可数名词表示数量时，需要使用量词。

a piece of news 一条新闻

two pieces of bread两块面包

three pieces of paper三张纸

four glasses of milk四杯牛奶

five bottles of water五瓶水

six cups of tea六杯茶

1.食物相关的不可数名词

2.自然相关的不可数名词

3.具体事物相关的不可数名词

4.抽象概念相关的不可数名词

五 专有名词的书写规则

专有名词指特定的人物、事物或地点的名字

单个词汇的专有名词首字母大写

多个词汇的专有名词每个单词的首字母大写

1.月份与星期的名称

2.人名的书写方法

外国人名

中国人名

七 动名词与动作的名词形式

read动词 -reading名词

write动词 -writing名词

learn动词 -learning名词

collect动词 -collection名词

注意：如果某个动词有专属的名词形式，则避免使用动名词

shopping swimming climbing

八 冠词：对名词进行限制

不定冠词 a/an 定冠词the 零冠词 /

注意：单数名词禁止裸奔，必须加限制词

限制词的种类

1 冠词a table/the table

2 指向形容词this table/that table/these tables

3 归属形容词my table/your table/his table

4 数量词 one table/two tables

5 冠词+形容词a red table/a wooden table\

注意：复数名词和不可数名词可以使用the，不使用a/an，不一定需要限制词

(the) money/some money/a lot of money

much money /little money

不定冠词a/an不确定某一个 general 概括

I want to see a movie this weekend.

元音前使用an辅音前使用a

特别：a university /ju:/

a unique person

an umbrella

an uncle

an hour

an honest boy

a half

定冠词 the 确定 这个/那个 specific 具体

I want to see the movie this weekend.

第三章 动词的一般现在时

一 英语句子的基本要求

一组词，有完整含义，有主语，有动词

大写字母开头，句号问号叹号结尾

二 动词最基本的时态：一般现在时

发生许多次的动作 actions that happen many times

一直都这样的动作 actions that are always true

三 英语中最基本的动词：Be动词 “是” “=”

1.Be动词一般现在时的三种形态

2.Be动词的缩写形式

I am-I'm

he is-he's

she is-she's

it is-it's

we are-we're

you are-you're

they are-they're

I am not-I am not

he/she/it is not-he/she/it isn't

we/you/they are not-we/you/they aren't

注意：

1、you可以表示“你”或“你们”

2、缩写格式在正式写作中禁止使用

3、Be动词和主语的单复数保持一致（非常重要） *动名词视作单数

3.Be动词的常见句型

注意：常见错误

缺动词 Mary is a good person.

与主语不一致 The boys are in the kitchen.

否定形式不正确 That computer is not expensive.

4.Be动词的重要句型：There be句型

there is/there are+主语+介词短语补充

用于表示某物存在，或某处有某物

四 表达时间和地点：介词短语

一组词，以介词开始，包括一个名词或代词

这个名词或代词叫做介词的宾语

1.表示地点的介词短语（place/location）

回答where的问题，一般放在句子末尾

We eat a lot of salad at home.

The computer is on the desk.

Loretta lives in my house.

2.表示时间的介词短语（time)

回答when的问题，一般放在句尾

如果与地点短语同时出现，时间一般放在地点后面

Michelle reads the news paper in the morning.

She sees him at the bank on Mondays.

3.不需要介词的时间词和时间短语

Eric watches TV daily.

Marco works every afternoon.

注意：

如果地点短语或时间短语放在句首，则要用逗号断开

ln the spring, everyone has finals.

To day, we have an important meeting.

Twice a week ,Teresa volunteers at the library.

4.常见的地点和时间短语

五 常规动词的一般现在时

1.常规动词的一般现在时形态

2.第三人称单数动词的特殊变化

（1）s/x/sh/ch/z结尾的动词，加es

wash - washes

pass -passes

watch-watches

mix -mixesfix-fixes

（2）辅音+y结尾的动词，去y改i加es

cry - cries

try-tries

bury - buries

marry - marries

play -plays

say -says

buy - buys

（3)不规则变化的动词

have-has

do-does

go-goes

注意：常见错误

缺动词 Ed and Linda live in Texas.

第三人称单数错误 Ed works in a big office.

多个动词混用 Ed wakes up at 6 a.m. every day.

第三人称单数错误 Ed tries to sleep seven hours every night.

如果用到be动词或常规动词的一般现在时，不允许同时出现两个一般现在时的动词连用

3.常规动词一般现在时的否定表述

一般现在时变否定，前面加入助动词do not/does not

原来的动词使用原形do

注意：do not可以缩写为don’t，does not可以缩写为doesn’t，不建议在写作里使用

第四章 动词的一般过去/将来时

一 关于英语的时态

时/时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来

态/状态：一般、进行、完成、完成进行

二 关于英语里的时间概念

广义现在：任何时间

狭义现在：当前这一刻，当前的一瞬间

过去：现在之前，与现在完全没有关系的时间

将来：现在之后，还没有到来的时间

三 高考最重要的时态：一般过去时

1.概念：在过去发生的动作 actions that happen in the past（句子的动词体现动作时间）

2.动词的变化

（1）规则变化 -ed

需要双写加-ed的常见动词，共30个

（2）不规则变化，共100词

1）Be动词

2）情态动词，共2词

3）常规动词

①三种形态相同AAA，共9词

②原形与过去时相同AAB，共1词

③原形与过去分词相同ABA，共3词

④过去时与过去分词相同ABB，共43词

⑤三种形态均不相同ABC，共41词

注意：常见错误

时态错误 We lived in London in 2010.

动词不规则变化错误 She went to Brazil in 2005.

动词冲突 I was took Bus 300 yesterday.

3.常见的过去时间

• yesterday

We played soccer yesterday.

• last+时间词

last night last week last month..

I finished my homework early las night

• 数字+时间词+ago

two hours ago,three days ago,four weeks ago...

She arrived here two weeks ago.

注意：如果时间短语放在句首，需要逗号断开

写句子必须注意的三个要素：

句首大写字母、句尾标点符号、动词时态变化

Yesterday, we played soccer.

Last night, I finished my homework early.

Two weeks ago,she arrived here.

4.否定表述

一般过去时变否定，加入助动词 did not

原来的动词使用原形 do

注意：did not可以缩写为didn't，不建议在写作里使用

注意：常见错误

未使用助动词 Andrea did not live in Korea in 2011.

助动词时态错误 We did not arrive late.

动词未改原形 I did not take the bus yesterday.

动词冲突 Norah did not wake up at 7 this morning.

四 一般将来时will/be going to

1.适用范围：

预测和预期 predictions & expected results

计划和提议 plans ＆ proposals

2.使用be going to表示将来

（1）适用范围

已经制定好的计划 future plans that already made

基于现在行为的预测 predictions based on a present action

（2）使用方式

3.使用will表示将来

（1）适用范围

现在作出的未来的计划或决定 future plans/decisions

语气较强的预测 strong prediction

承诺或提供帮助 promises or offering help

（2）使用方式

（3）will 的缩写形式

I will - I'll

he will - he'll

we will - we'll

she will - she'll

you will - you'll

it will - it'll

they will - they'll

will not - won't

注意:在写作中尽量避免使用缩写形式

4.常见的将来时间

注意：如果时间短语放在句首，需要逗号断开

We are going to go to the movies on Saturday.

=On Saturday, we are going to go to the movies.

The airline will use a new kind of jet next year.

= Next year, the airline will use anew kind of jet.

第五章 代词的基本知识

一 什么是代词（代词概念）

代词是替代名词、短语或句子的词

替代名词 I live in China. She is a great country.

替代短语 There are a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. Some are white and some are red.

替代句子 We should respect the elders. I know that from my childhood.

二、人称代词、反身代词、物主代词

注意：宾语可以在动词后面，也可以在介词后面

注意：

1、l 在任何情况下都要大写

2、She 可以描述国家、城市或宠物，表达特殊情感

3、We 可以体现作者与读者之间的亲密关系

4、It 可以指代天气、环境、时间，还可用于形式主语、形式宾语和强调句型

自己：对自己做动作，或强调本人

l am teaching myself computer.

(You) Take good care of yourself.

The child himself drew this picture.

You should ask the children themselves.

注意：“自己”永远用在宾语，如果用在主语需要同位语

某人的、某人的东西

I love my country. 形容词

Is this your car? 形容词

That car is mine (my car), not yours (your car). 名词

These books are ours (our books). 名词

Whose bag is it? It's hers (her bag). 名词

Yesterday I met a friend of mine (my friends) in the street. 名词

注意：常见错误

代词性别错误 Maria is my friend. She is nice.

代词单复数错误 Where are my keys? I cant find them.

代词主语冲突 My mother she is 42 years old.

自己不能作主语 I myself drive the car.

对自己作动作用自己 You should be proud of yourself.

某人的东西 May I use your pen? Yours works better.

某人的 We should learn our own culture.

三、指示代词

表示时间或空间上的远近关系

this 和 these 表示距离近

that 和 those 表示距离远

e.g. This is a book.

These are cars.

l am busy these days.

I was busy those days

That is not a room.

Those are trees.

this 和these 指代后文内容

that 和those 指代前文内容

e.g. Please remember this: no pain no gain.

I got up late. that is why l missed the bus.

重要考点：one，that 和it的区别

I can't find my hat. I think l must buy one. 范围的某一个

This hat is bigger than that of mine. 同类的另一个

I can't find my hat. I don't know where l put it. 完全相同

Do you have that book? I want to buy one. 范围的某一个

This book is better than that on the shelf. 同类的另一个

I bought a book yesterday. It is interesting. 完全相同

四、疑问代词、连接代词

针对名词内容进行提问的，叫做疑问代词

替代名词内容并连接两个分句的，叫做连接代词

whom 宾格可以用 who 代替，介词后只用 whom

e.g. Who is here just now?

Who/Whom are you looking for?

To whom did you speak on the campus?

whose 表示“谁的”

e.g. Whose are these books on the desk?

Whose books are these on the desk?

what没有指定范围，which需要指定范围

e.g. What book do you like?

Which book do you like, this one or that one?

疑问代词可以连接两个分句，其它代词不可以

e.g. What we should do is still unknown.

I know who is waiting for you.

I met many people in my trip, each of whom was nice to me.

疑问词+ever 表示“无论”，用于加强语气

e.g. He does whatever she asks him to do.

I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it.

Whichever team gains the most points wins.

whenever 无论何时 / wherever 无论何地 However 无论如何

五、不定代词

不明确指代特定名词的，叫做不定代词

Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.

I know nothing about it.

That's all l know.

1.基本不定代词

2.其它不定代词

e.g. All goes well.

All the students are here.

None of the milk is expensive. 不可数用单数

None of the films is/are worth seeing. 可数随意

Both of us can speak English. 两个人

Neither of us can sing. 两个人

Both Jessy and David are good at English.

Neither you nor he can finish the work in an hour.

e.g. Few of the books are cheap now.否定

A few friends came to see me yesterday.肯定

There is little water in the bottle.否定

I have a little money to buy the book.肯定

I have many books to give you.

We have much to say about verbs.

Many of the students like English very much.

Much of the work is easy.

e.g. I have some books. 一些

Do you have any books? 一些

There isn't any ink in my pen. 一些

I am going to get some ink. 一些

You can come any time. 任何

Will you have some coffee? 某个

She gave each child two apples.

Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.

Either of them will agree to this arrangement.

Either of the two boys is clever.

e.g. This glass is broken. I want another.

There are two glasses. One is full. The other is empty.

Some believe it is true. Others doubt it.

There are 40 students in my class. 28 are boys. The others are girls.

3.相互代词

each other /one another 互相

e.g. People should love one another.

People of different cultures always copy each other.