须弥料理原型浅析

烤肉卷 Shawarma Wrap

Shawarma (Arabic: شاورما) is a popular Middle Eastern dish that originated in the Ottoman Empire, consisting of meat cut into thin slices, stacked in an inverted cone, and roasted on a slowly-turning vertical rotisserie or spit. Traditionally made with lamb or mutton, it may also be made with chicken, turkey, beef, or veal. Thin slices are shaved off the cooked surface as it continuously rotates. Shawarma is a popular street food in the greater Middle East.

Shawarma is an Arabic rendering of Turkish term çevirme ("turning"), referring to the turning rotisserie.

常被称为沙威玛。阿拉伯语。起源于奥斯曼帝国，在大中东地区是流行的街头小吃，词源来自于土耳其语的“旋转”。这种用竖直的旋转烤肉架烤肉的形式来源于土耳其烤肉（Doner kebab）。

马萨拉芝士球 Masala Cheese Balls

Masala is a term from the Indian subcontinent for a spice mix. A masala can be either a combination of dried (and usually dry-roasted) spices, or a paste (such as vindaloo masala) made from a mixture of spices and other ingredients—often garlic, ginger, onions, chilli paste and tomato. Masalas are used extensively in Indian cuisine to add spice and flavour.

Borrowed from Urdu مصالحہ‎ (maṣālḥa, maṣāliḥa, “spice(s)”) / Hindi मसाला (masālā), from Persian مصالح‎ (masâle, “affairs, materials, spices”), plural of مصلحت‎ (maslahat, “affair, policy, best thing to do”), both from Arabic, derived from صَلَحَ‎ (ṣalaḥa, “be fit, competent, usable”).

马萨拉常被称为玛莎拉，是印地语/乌尔都语的“香料”，是印度次大陆指代香料混合物的术语，有时还包括洋葱、土豆等食材。

口袋饼 Pita Pocket

Pita or pitta (British English), is a family of yeast-leavened round flatbreads baked from wheat flour, common in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and neighboring areas. It includes the widely known version with an interior pocket, also known as Arabic bread (Arabic: خبز عربي; khubz ʿarabī)

Pita has roots in the prehistoric flatbreads of the Middle East.

From Byzantine Greek πίτα (píta, “pie”).

皮塔饼，又称阿拉伯薄面包或口袋饼，是一种圆形口袋状面食，起源于中东，流行于地中海、中东及周边地区，词源来自希腊语的“饼”。皮塔饼中的“口袋”是由蒸汽膨胀形成，面饼冷却后变得平坦，中间留下一个口袋。

绿汁脆球 Panipuri

Panipuri (originally known as jalapatra from Mahabharata times) is a type of snack originating in the Indian subcontinent, where it is an extremely common street food.

Borrowed from Hindi पानी पूरी (pānī pūrī, literally “water bread”), from पानी (pānī, “water”) + पूरी (pūrī, “puri, poori”, a type of Indian bread).

常被称为脆球饼或炸酥球。印地语。起源于印度，流行于印度次大陆。

兽米香香 Biryani

Biryani is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, pork and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes.

From Hindi बिरयानी (biryānī)/Urdu بریانی‎ (biryānī), from Persian بریانی‎ (beryâni), compound of بریان‎ (beryân, “roast”) (from برشتن‎ (bereštan, “to roast”)) and the suffix ـی‎ (-i).

常被称为印度香饭。印地语/乌尔都语。

关于Biryani的来源以及词源都有比较大的争议，有说法认为起源于莫卧儿帝国，比如历史学家Lizzie Collingham认为biryani是在莫卧儿帝国的皇家厨房中发展起来，是印度本土辣米饭和波斯抓饭的混合体，不过也有说法认为biryani 词源来自birinj（برنج），波斯语中的米饭，起源于波斯，由莫卧儿人带到印度。

米圆塔 Tahchin

Tahchin (Persian: ته چین) is an Iranian rice dish primarily consisting of rice, yogurt, saffron, eggs and finally barberries (zereshk) are sprinkled on top. Some versions of the dish are more elaborate, folding in chicken fillets, vegetables, fish, or red meat. Tahchin can also be made with other ingredients such as walnuts and pomegranate.

Tahchin is composed of two different parts: the thin tahdig part which includes the chicken fillets, saffron, and other ingredients at the bottom of the cooking pot, and the second part which is white rice. In restaurants, tahchin is mostly prepared and served without white rice

起源于伊朗。“tah”，意思是“底部”，“chin” 意思是“分层”。确实像圆塔型的米饭。

咖喱虾 Curry Shrimp

A curry (from Tamil kari: “sauce”) is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with South Asian cuisine. In southern India, leaves from the curry tree may be included.

咖喱起源于印度次大陆。

咖喱虾的话具体起源不明，东南亚和一些葡萄牙的殖民地也有。

唐杜尔烤鸡 Tandoori Roast Chicken

Tandoori chicken is a South Asian dish of chicken marinated in yogurt and spices and roasted in a tandoor, a cylindrical clay oven. The dish is now popular world-wide.

常被称为印度唐多里烤鸡，起源于印度旁遮普地区。在名为Tandoor的泥窑内烤制而成，在世界范围内都很流行。

千层酥酥 Baklava

Baklava (Ottoman Turkish: باقلوا listen) is a layered pastry dessert made of filo pastry, filled with chopped nuts, and sweetened with syrup or honey. It was one of the most popular sweet pastries of Ottoman cuisine.

The pre-Ottoman origin of the dish is unknown, but, in modern times, it is a common dessert of Turkish, Iranian and Arab cuisines, and other countries of the Levant and Maghreb, along with the South Caucasus, Balkans, Somalia and Central Asia.

Borrowed from Turkish baklava, from Ottoman Turkish باقلوا‎ (baklava) ; possibly from Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (baɣlaɣ'a, “bundle, package”).

常被称为果仁蜜饼或巴克拉瓦。起源于奥斯曼帝国。

哈瓦玛玛兹 Halvamazd

𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 • (mazdā) 1. (Zoroastrianism) Mazda 2. wisdom

Halva (Persian: حلوا) is a type of confectionery originating from Persia and widely spread throughout the Middle East and India. The name is used for a broad variety of recipes, generally a thick paste made from flour, butter, liquid oil, saffron, rosewater, milk, cocoa powder, and sweetened with sugar.

The word halva entered the English language between 1840 and 1850 from Romanian, which came from the Ottoman Turkish: حلوى, romanized: helva, itself ultimately derived from the Arabic: حلوى, romanized: ḥalwá, a sweet confection. The root in Arabic: ح ل و, romanized: ḥ-l-w, means "sweet".

原神：据说玛兹在须弥有「智慧」的意思。

纳西妲特色料理，使用枣椰蜜糖的食谱做的不过看起来并不像同一种食物。

常被称为哈尔瓦酥糖。起源于伊朗。词源可追溯到阿拉伯语的“甜点”。

mazda有智慧的含义，也可以指拜火教的造物主和智慧之神Ahura Mazda（Lord Wisdom）。

萨巴桑炸角 Samosa

A samosa or singara is a fried South Asian pastry with a savoury filling, including ingredients such as spiced potatoes, onions, and peas. It may take different forms, including triangular, cone, or half-moon shapes, depending on the region.

The English word samosa derives from Hindustani word 'samosa' (Urdu: سموسہ, Hindi: समोसा), traceable to the Middle Persian word sanbosag (سنبوسگ) 'triangular pastry'.

常被称为印度咖喱饺，英文的Samosa是印地语/乌尔都语，词源可追溯到中古波斯语的sanbosag，读音类似萨巴桑，指“三角形糕点”，不过实际上也有其他形状的。

维基百科右边标注来源于印度次大陆，不过也有人认为可以追溯到中亚的samsa。

萨布兹炖肉 Sabz Meat Stew

سبز • (sabz) green

سبزی • (sabzi) 1. vegetable, herb, greens 2. greenness, verdure

Sabz (سبز)是绿色的意思，这里应该说sabzī (سبزى)才对，指“蔬菜”或“香草”，这道菜参考了伊朗的Ghormeh Sabzi，ghormeh是خورش (khoresh)，指“炖”，用韭葱、香芹、洋葱等香草（herb）来炖肉。

艾尔海森的特色料理「理想情况」虽然是用萨布兹炖肉的食谱做的，不过看起来完全不是炖肉，而是一种饼，应该参考了伊朗的Kuku sabzi，kuku是伊朗一种用鸡蛋做成的饼。

顺便一提花神诞日英文Sabzeruz用的也是Sabz，不过应该指Sabzeh (سبزه) ，本身指“新芽”或“草”，在伊朗的七鲜（Haft-seen）里一般是小麦、大麦、绿豆或扁豆芽。

Ghormeh Sabzi

Kuku sabzi

蜜金泡果 Tulumba

Tulumba or Bamiyeh (Persian: بامیه) is a deep-fried dessert found in Turkey and the regional cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire. It is a fried batter soaked in syrup, similar to jalebis and churros. It is made from unleavened choux pastry dough (usually about 3 cm long) piped with a pastry bag using an open star or similar tip. It is first deep-fried to golden colour and then sugar-sweet syrup is poured over it when still hot. It is eaten cold.

Tulumba literally means 'pump' in Turkish, deriving from the Italian tromba.

常被称为宫殿酥条。土耳其语。起源于奥斯曼帝国。

镀金锅 Gilded Tajine

炽金之锅 Goldflame Tajine

A tajine or tagine (Arabic: طاجين) is a North African dish, named after the earthenware pot in which it is cooked.

The Arabic طجين (ṭažin) is derived from the Berber ṭajin 'shallow earthen pot', from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon) 'frying-pan, saucepan'.

Tajine: a Moroccan dish consisting of meat, fruit, vegetables, and spices that are cooked together very slowly

炽金之锅是迪希雅特色料理。

常被称为尖盖锅烩肉，又译塔吉锅。阿拉伯语。由柏柏尔人发明，流行于马格里布地区，词源可追溯到古希腊语的“平底锅”。

脆饼珐提 Fatteh

Fatteh (Arabic: فتّة meaning crushed or crumbs) is an Egyptian and Levantine dish consisting of pieces of fresh, toasted, grilled, or stale flatbread covered with other ingredients that vary according to region. It is also some times referred to as Shâmiyât (Arabic: شاميات "Damascene") in the Levant area.

阿拉伯语。起源于中东，流行于埃及和黎凡特地区，指“压碎”或“碎屑”。

非特殊词汇（猜测）

黄油鸡 Butter Chicken

Butter chicken, traditionally known as murgh makhani, is an Indian dish originating in New Delhi. It is a type of curry made from chicken with a spiced tomato and butter (makhan) sauce. Its sauce is known for its rich texture. It is similar to chicken tikka masala, which uses a tomato paste.

又被称为murgh makhani，起源于印度的新德里。

枣椰蜜糖 Candied Ajilenakh Nut

Gaz (Persian: گز) is an Iranian nougat that originated in the Isfahan region. It is widely known as Persian Nougat in American and European countries. It is made from pistachio, almond kernels, rose-water, egg whites and sap from Persian manna.

The Persian word Gaz is associated with gaz-angobīn which translates to 'Honey of Gaz', in reference to a species of Tamarisk, T. gallica that is native to the Zagros mountain range located to the west of Isfahan.

形状很像伊朗的Gaz，类似于牛轧糖，原料都有杏仁和玫瑰（水）。

关于Gaz网上有不少说法不是很准确，我这里说下自己的理解。Gaz本身可以指柽柳属（Tamarix）或黄芪属（Astragalus）的植物，gaz这种糖起源和gaz-angobin（指gaz的蜜）有关，gaz-angobin之前经常被看作柽柳或红花多枝柽柳的汁液，不过现在认为gaz-angobin实际上是波斯吗哪（学名Astragalus brachycalyx，又称Astragalus adscendens Boiss. & Hausskn.）树上的汁液，是树上木虱若虫的分泌物，gaz-angobin经常和亚伯拉罕诸教的天赐食物吗哪（manna）联系起来。

顺便一提，我之前很疑惑为什么原神里生产枣椰的树叫做「柽树」（英文Athel Tree，指无叶柽柳），两者明明差别很大，现在看来枣椰有可能是柽柳和椰枣（Date palm，学名Phoenix dactylifera）的混合，不过还是有一些疑点，首先，一般认为和gaz-angobīn有关的柽柳是红花多枝柽柳（Tamarix gallica），和无叶柽柳（Tamarix aphylla）不是同一种植物只是都是柽柳属，完全不理解英文为什么要用无叶柽柳这一特定物种的名字；其次，游戏里所谓的「刺葵树」明显更像是猴面包树或瓶子树，而椰枣才是刺葵属的植物，「刺葵树」上也没见到什么类似椰枣的果，感觉是把刺葵弄混了，总之原神在「柽树」和「刺葵树」的使用上及其混乱。

阿如拌饭 Aaru Mixed Rice

Koshary, kushari or koshari (Egyptian Arabic: كشري) is Egypt's national dish and a widely popular street food. A traditional Egyptian staple, mixing pasta, Egyptian fried rice, vermicelli and brown lentils, and topped with a zesty tomato sauce, garlic vinegar and garnished with chickpeas and crispy fried onions.

In the Egyptian Books of Genesis, the Ancient Egyptian term "Koshir" meant "Food of the rites of the Gods", the Koshir was a breakfast dish that consisted of lentils, wheat, chickpeas, garlic and onions cooked together in clay pots.

Koshary is known as "The food of the Poor".

原神：因为用料常见，价格低廉，是充饥的好选择，这种做法也渐渐从阿如村传遍了整个须弥。

应该参考了Koshary，常被称为“库莎丽”，起源于埃及，是埃及的国菜，被称为“穷人的食物”，是一道混合了意大利面、埃及炒饭、粉丝和棕色小扁豆等等的经典主食。

秘香肉团 Scented Meat Balls

Kibbeh (also kubba and other spellings; Arabic: كبة, romanized: kibba) is a family of dishes based on spiced ground meat, onions, and grain, popular in Middle Eastern cuisine.

In Levantine cuisine, kibbeh is usually made by pounding bulgur wheat together with meat into a fine paste and forming it into balls with toasted pine nuts and spices. It may also be layered and cooked on a tray, deep-fried, grilled, or served raw. In Mesopotamian cuisine, versions with rice or farina are found. Some recipes add semolina.

The words kibbeh and kubba come from the Arabic verb كَبَّبَ kabbaba, meaning "to form into a ball," and is thus cognate with "kebab".

形状和做法都很类似Kibbeh，有时被称为“中东炸肉球”。词源来自阿拉伯语的“形成球状”，流行于中东地区。

还有一些我觉得不是很有特色的料理就不具体分析了，只发下中英对照。

顺便一提我个人还是有点怀疑帕蒂沙兰是藏红花的说法的，虽然花瓣颜色像而且也可用作料理但没有最典型的红色花柱的特征叶子也不像。

雨林沙拉 Selva Salad

杂菇荟萃 Mushroom Hodgepodge

薄荷豆汤 Minty Bean Soup

兰巴德鱼卷 Lambad Fish Roll

土豆船 Potato Boat

奶酱鲜鱼 Fish With Cream Sauce

椰炭饼 Charcoal-Baked Ajilenakh Cake

帕蒂沙兰布丁 Padisarah Pudding

蔷薇奶糊 Rose Custard