中医传统制剂方法——三伏咳喘膏处方及传统制作技艺
冬季是流感病毒、气管炎、哮喘、风湿与类风湿性关节炎等疾病的流行季节，“中招”的人群往往是年龄较小的儿童和老年人，冬季气候严寒干燥，人体免疫力较为低下，稍有不慎各种疾病便找上门来。
Winter is the epidemic season for influenza virus, tracheitis, asthma, rheumatism, Rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. The target people are often younger children and the elderly. Winter is cold and dry, and human immunity is relatively low. A little carelessness brings various diseases to the door.
中医理论中讲到“冬病夏治”，“三伏天”是一年中最炎热的时候（七月中旬至八月上旬），此时正值人体阳气最旺盛的时候来调整人体的阴阳平衡，《素问·阴阳应象大论》中提到：“阴盛则阳病，阳盛则阴病。”大意就是人体内阴阳失调就会导致疾病的发生。
In traditional Chinese medicine theory, it is mentioned that ："Winter diseases are cured in summer."Sanfu days(also called the dog days in summer) are the hottest time of the year (from mid July to early August), when the body's yang energy is at its peak to adjust the balance of yin and yang. The Su Wen · Yin Yang Correspondence Theory mentions: "The high level of yin leads to yang diseases, and the high level of yang leads to yin diseases." The main idea is that the imbalance of yin and yang in the body will lead to the occurrence of diseases.
对于预防和减轻冬季疾病的发生，可利用三伏贴做防护。三伏贴出自距今四百多年前的清代名医张璐的《张氏医通》记载的白芥子发泡疗法，原文中写道：“冷哮灸肺俞、膏俞、天突，有应有不应，夏月三伏中，用白芥子涂法，往往获效。方用白芥子一两、延胡索一两，甘遂、细辛各半两，共为细末入麝香半钱，杵匀，姜汁调涂肺俞、膏肓、百劳等穴，涂后麻瞀疼痛，切勿便去，候三柱香足，方可去之。十日后涂一次，如此三次，病根去矣！”该疗法药物以麻黄、白芥子、甘遂等辛温散寒的药为主调配而成，分别在头伏、中伏、末伏的第一天将药膏贴于后背肺俞、心俞、膈俞等穴位来提升阳气，最后达到“冬病夏治”的目的。
To prevent and reduce the winter diseases, you can use Sanfutie for protection. The Sanfutie originated from the white mustard seed foaming therapy recorded in the Zhang's Medical Manual written by Zhang Lu, a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty more than 400 years ago, The original text states: "Cold wheezing moxibustion on Feishu, Jiaoshu and Tiantu has its own reasons. In the sanfu days, white mustard seeds are often effective. One or two white mustard seeds and one or two Corydalis yanhusuo seeds are used in the prescription. Gansui and Asarum are both half. A total of half a penny of fine powder is poured into musk, and the pestle is even. Ginger juice is mixed into Feishu, Jiemian, Bailao and other points. After sticking it on your back, you will feel painful. Do not take it off until three hours later. You should repeat it again ten days later. If you do so three times, the serious disease will go away!" This therapeutic drug is mainly composed of herbs such as ephedra, white mustard seed, and kansui, which are used to warm and disperse colds. On the mid-July,late July to early August, and mid-August, the ointment is applied to acupoints such as the lung, heart,and diaphragm to enhance yang, achieving the goal of curing winter diseases in summer ultimately.
发展史
张璐的“白芥子涂法”广传于民间，民国时期著名中医施今墨十分推崇《张氏医通》，让徒弟刘松庵研读整理出方药，并提出“白芥子涂法关键在白芥子的炮制和用量，白芥子可除皮里膜外之痰”。刘松庵在跟随施今墨学徒临证过程中，深入挖掘研究，深得真传，并应用这一传统疗法，并将施今墨治疗咳喘病的立法、方药特点、膏方的制作特点运用到后来所制的“咳喘膏”中。张宗文师从过刘松庵，随后在长期研究白芥子的炮制中积累了丰富的经验，并搜集吸取了许多散落在民间治疗咳喘特效方和外治方法。最后，张宗文将“白芥子涂法”更名为“三伏咳喘膏贴治”。
经过几代人的钻研与实践成就了如今天津公安医院的三伏咳喘膏（市级第五批非遗级别的传统医药），它是一种传统中医的治疗手法、预防医学手段。三伏贴疗结合了针灸、经络与中药学，以中药直接贴敷于穴位，经由中药对穴位产生微面积化学性、热性刺激达到治病、防病的效果。三伏贴根据中医“冬病夏治”的理论，对一些在冬季容易产生、复发或加重的疾病，在夏季进行扶正培本的治疗，以鼓舞正气，增加机体抗病能力，从而达到防治疾病的目的。三伏贴可疏通经络，调理气血，宽胸降气，健脾和胃，鼓舞阳气，调节人体的肺脾功能，使机体的免疫功能不断增强，从而达到振奋阳气、促进血液循环、祛除寒邪、提高卫外功能的效果。
Development History
Zhang Lu's "white mustard seed coating method" was widely spread among the people. During the Republic of China, Shi Jinmo who was a famous Chinese medicine doctor, highly praised the Zhang's Medical Manual, asked his student Liu Song'an to study and sort out data about medicine, and proposed that :"The key of white mustard seed coating method is the processing and dosage of white mustard seed, which can remove the phlegm from the skin and lining." In the process of following Shi Jinmo's apprentice's clinical practice, Liu Song'an deeply explored and studied, gained the truth, applied this traditional therapy, and applied Shi Jinmo's legislation, prescription characteristics, and paste making characteristics to the later "cough and asthma ointment". Zhang Zongwen had followed Liu Song'an and accumulated rich experience in long-term research on the preparation of white mustard seeds. He also collected and absorbed many scattered folk remedies and external treatment methods for cough and asthma. Finally, Zhang Zongwen renamed the "White Mustard Seed Application Method" to "Sanfu Kechuan Paste Treatment".
After several generations of research and practice, the Sanfu Cough and Asthma Cream (the fifth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage level traditional medicine) of Tianjin Public Security Hospital has been achieved. It is a treatment technique of traditional Chinese medicine and a means of preventive healthcare. Sanfutie therapy combines acupuncture and moxibustion, meridians and traditional Chinese medicine, and applies Chinese medicine directly to the acupoints. Through the chemical and thermal stimulation of Chinese medicine on the acupoints, it can achieve the effect of treating and preventing diseases. According to the theory of "treating winter diseases in summer" in Chinese medicine, Sanfutie is used to treat some diseases that are easy to occur, recur or worsen in winter. It is used to invigorate the vital energy and increase the body's resistance to diseases in summer, so as to achieve the goal of disease prevention and treatment. Sanfutie can dredge the meridians, regulate the qi and blood, widen the chest and lower the qi, strengthen the spleen and stomach, stimulate the yang, regulate the lung and spleen functions of the human body, and constantly enhance the immune function of the body, so as to achieve the effect of invigorating yang, promoting blood circulation, eliminating cold pathogens, and improving the external defense function.
目前第五代三伏咳喘膏处方及传统制作技艺代表性传承人熊湘明（现任天津市公安医院中医科主任，主任医师）充分继承历代传承人关于“三伏咳喘膏”立法、立方、炮制制作技艺，制定炮制技艺规范流程，负责咳喘膏历史传承，发掘整理等传承工作。每逢伏天时期，前往天津公安医院的患者数不胜数，贴过其三伏咳喘膏的人都竖起大拇指赞口不绝，中医传统制剂方法不论是在三伏咳喘膏制作的过程或治疗效果都体现了中医的特色和魅力。
At present, Xiong Xiangming, the representative successor of the fifth generation of the prescription and traditional production techniques of Sanfu cough and asthma cream (now the director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin Public Security Hospital and the Chief physician), fully inherits the legislation, cube, processing and production techniques of previous generations of successors on "Sanfu cough and asthma cream", formulates the standardized process of processing technology, and is responsible for the historical inheritance, exploration and sorting of cough and asthma cream. During the dog days, countless patients go to Tianjin Public Security Hospital, and those who have applied their Sanfu Kechuan Ointment give thumbs up in praise. Traditional Chinese medicine preparation methods, whether in the process of making Sanfu Kechuan Ointment or in the treatment effect, reflect the characteristics and charm of traditional Chinese medicine.
如何使用三伏贴及注意事项
※三伏贴并非适用于所有人，适应症为支气管哮喘等呼吸系统疾病，注意，三伏贴适合虚寒型疾病的人群，关于热性疾病都不适宜三伏贴治疗。
※适合治疗的人年龄为出生六个月以上的小儿、儿童以及成人，成人贴敷不能超过六个小时，低龄儿童应为两小时。起初贴上去会有冰凉的感觉，稍后会有发热发痒的感觉，皮肤敏感的患者若在贴敷的过程中此现象加重应及时取下药物。在贴敷的过程中适宜静养，不要去凉爽的地方避免毛孔遇冷收缩，从而影响疗效，贴敷过后的部位皮肤较为敏感，不要刺激它。
※敷贴的最佳日子是每伏的第一天，贴敷应选择白天为好，因为一天之内白天阳气最盛，每10天贴一次为一个疗程并且连续贴三年。
※治疗过程中慎用辛辣、寒性、油腻的食物。
※请在医生的建议下用药。
Instructions and precautions
※It is not suitable for all people, and its indication is Respiratory disease such as bronchial asthma. It is suitable for people with deficiency cold disease, and not suitable for treatment of heat diseases.
※The suitable age for treatment is infant(born at least six months old),children, and adults. The application for adults should not exceed six hours, it should be two hours for young children. At first, there will be a cold feeling when applied, but later there will be a feeling of fever and itching. Patients with sensitive skin should promptly remove the medication if this phenomenon worsens during the application process. During the process, it is advisable to rest and not go to cool places to avoid pores contracting when cold, which can affect the therapeutic effect. The skin on the area after application is more sensitive and should not be stimulated.
※The best day for applying is on the first day of each mid-July,late July to early August, and mid-August , and it is best to choose the daytime for the application because the yang energy is at peak during the whole day. Applying once every 10 days is a treatment course and lasts for three years.
※Be cautious when using spicy, cold, and greasy foods during the treatment process.
※Please follow the guidance of a doctor before take medication.
撰稿：戴璐璐
宣传发布：戴璐璐
