第五节 语篇衔接需要
英语中有时为了句子之间衔接的需要，从而使用被动结构。
1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds—even thousands—of years.
The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic-arched gateway of aged
brick and stone.
中东集市把你带回到几百年前——甚至几千年——以前。我特别想到的那个集市
要从一个用砖石砌成的哥特式的拱形门洞进去，砖石都已年深日久。
第二句中的 “one”指代上一句中的“bazaar”，使用了语篇中的“替代”衔接手段，通
过被动结构的运用，不仅避免了人称主语的出现，而且有利于上下句的衔接。
2. “We have seen a huge increase in interest in smaller breeds,” says Daisy Okas, an
AKC spokeswoman, who attributes the trend, in part, to Paris Hilton and other high-
profile celebs who are photographed with pint-size pooches.
“我们发现，人们现在对小型犬的兴趣大增。”美国养犬俱乐部女发言人如是说。
她认为这一趋势在某种程度上是由帕丽斯·希尔顿和喜欢抛头露面的社会名流促
成的，经常能拍到他们抱着小型犬的照片。 “who are photographed”是为了语篇
衔接需要。
3. He wrote also to Napier at once; and as soon as he could he went to Edinburgh to
visit him, where, as he was most hospitably received by him.
他还立刻给内皮尔写了一封信，然后他尽早地去了爱丁堡看望他，并在那里受到了
最热情的接待。
这句使用了“指代”衔接手段，句子中的主语“he”都是指同一个人，所以最后一句需使
用被动结构。
4. As if she expected their glances, and did not mind gratifying their curiosity, she
met the eyes of several of her observers by lifting her own, showing these to be soft,
brown, and affectionate orbs, a little plaintive in their regard. She was conducted out
of the gardens, and passed along the pavement till she disappeared from view.
上面几句中的主语“she”都是指同一个人，为了做到句子之间的衔接，最后一句
使用了被动结构。
5. She arrived on Saturday afternoon, and was received by assembled family like a
very dear friend.
她是星期六下午到的，她被当作一个很亲的朋友一样，受到全家人的列队欢迎。
为了衔接需要，共用一个主语，所以后面需要用被动结构。
6. So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.（同上）
我叫自己皮普，后来别人也就这么称呼我。
7. Wondering what became of John Rabe, Chang was led to his granddaughter.
怀着对约翰雷伯近况的好奇，张女士找到了他的孙女。
因为“Chang”是“Wondering”的逻辑主语，为了使逻辑关系清楚，后面使用了被动
结构。
8. I was shown by the waiter to what looked at first like common outhouses at the
other end of it, but they turned out to be a suite of rooms.
侍者把我领到院子另一端的房子那儿，初看起来像普通的附属建筑，原来
是一套客房。
9. At the first street corner they were joined by the several men who had followed the
sheriff.
在第一个街道拐角，几个原先跟着警长的人加入他们中间。
