Lesson 51 Reward for virtue

·单词

reward n.    报偿

    ·v.    给奖赏

    ·reward sb.    reward oneslef

    ·You worked so hard, and you need to reward yourself occasionally.

virtue n.    美德

diet n.    节食

    ·go on a diet/begin a diet    节食/开始节食

    ·be on a diet    处于节食的状态

forbid v.    禁止

hurriedy adv.    匆忙地

    ·do sth. hurriedly

    ·hurry v.    匆忙

embarrass v.    使尴尬（中文意思是使...，代表它是一个及物动词）

    ·You embarrass me.

    ·I am embarrassed.

    ·embarrassed adj.    尴尬的

        ·-ed 结尾的，带有感情色彩的形容词指我本身有这种感觉

    ·embarrasseing adj.    使人尴尬的

        ·-ing 结尾的，带有感情色彩的形容词指令别人产生这种感觉

guiltily adv.    内疚地

    ·guilty adj.    内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的，有过失的

    ·guilt n.    有罪，内疚

strict adj.    严格的

reward v.    给奖赏

occasionally adv.    偶尔地

    ·occasional adj.    偶尔的，不经常的

    ·occasion n.    场合；时机，机会

·本课句型

so ... that ...    太 ... 所以 ...，结果状语从句

He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. 

    ·which，定语从句，被禁止食物

    ·He wrote out a long list of all the forbidden foods.    用 done 作形容词使用修饰名词

When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.

    ·When 引出时间状语从句

    ·what 引出宾语从句

    ·and 并列两个简单句成并列举

·课文

    My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

Reward for virtue    美德的奖赏，课文中指的是对“节食”一事的奖赏

but things got so bed    动词 get 作 “变的，成为” 讲，但是事情变的越发糟糕

go on a diet    节食，减肥

Forst of all    首先：表示在一系列事物中最先要考虑或处理的事物

pay a visit    拜访，pay him a visit，支付给他一个拜访，就是拜访他的意思

    ·也可以用 visit sb.

ring the bell    敲门铃：按下门铃按钮或敲击门铃，以发出声音通知房屋内的人有人来访

be surprised to do sth.    对做某事感到惊奇

as fat as ever    和曾经一样胖

    ·其中 as ever 是比较状语从句 as fat as he ever was 的省略形式，称为比较状语

It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.

    ·It 作形式主义，它是显然的，没说完，什么是显然的？that 引出主语从句，他非常的尴尬

    ·That he was very embarrassed was obvious.    和原句意思是一样的

contents n.    内有的物品

the contents of ...    ... 的内容

include v.    抽象包含

contain v.    实实在在的包含

·知识拓展

易混淆词：raise vs. rise

raise vt.    及物动词，把别的东西升起来

    ·That boy always raises his hand when I ask a question.

    ·Heavy rain have raised the level of the river.

rise vi.    （rose    risen)    指自己上升

    ·The sun has just risen.

    ·I always rise at six o' clock.

易混淆词：lay vs. lie

lie v.

    ·躺/处于，位于    lie    lay（易混）    lain    lying

    ·说谎    lie    lied    lied    lying

lay v.

    ·1)表示过去的"躺/处于，位于”

        ·The beggar lay there yesterday.

    ·2)不表示过去，作动词原形

        ·表示“放置，摆放/产卵，下蛋”

    ·lay    laid    laid

练习

____ those parcels on the floor, please.

    ·Lay，动词原形，省略主语的祈使句，把包放在地板上

Haven't you____the table yet?

    ·laid，现在完成时，到现在还没摆好桌子吗？

It is nice to get up in the morning, but it's nicer to____in bed.

    ·lie，躺在床上

I____in bed till 10 o' clock last Sunday morning.

    ·lay，上个星期天的早晨，所以用 lie 躺的过去式 lay

不规则变化的动词：

原型    过去式    过去分词    动词ing

·forbid    forbade    forbidden    forbidding

·lead    led    led

·write    wrote    written

·forbid    forbade    forbidden

·ring    rang    rung

·lead    led    led

·hide    hid    hidden