埃及帝国（中英双语）

THE AGE OF EMPIRE: THE NEW KINGDOM

帝国时代：新王国

The New Kingdom period (1550–1069 BC) was Egypt’s age of empire, during which Egyptians embarked on foreign conquest on a large scale. Under a series of ambitious rulers, Egyptian borders stretched from Syria to the Sudan. Diplomacy was established with foreign countries, and slaves and tributes poured in from conquered nations.

新王国时期（公元前1550-1069年）是埃及的帝国时代，在此期间，埃及人开始大规模的对外征服。在一系列雄心勃勃的统治者领导下，埃及的边界从叙利亚延伸但苏丹。与外国建立外交关系，奴隶和贡品从被征服的国家蜂拥而至。

Hatshepsut and Thutmose III

哈特谢普苏特和图特摩斯三世

Egypt’s first great female leader, Hatshepsut, came to power during the 18th dynasty. When her husband, Thutmose II, died about 1479 BC, the throne passed to his son Thutmose III. As Thutmose III was still an infant, Hatshepsut at first acted as regent for the young king.

埃及第一位伟大的女性领导人哈特谢普苏特在第十八王朝掌权。当她的丈夫于公元前1479年去世时，王位传给了他的儿子图特摩斯三世。由于图特摩斯三世还是个婴儿，哈特谢普苏特担任摄政王。

Following Hatshepsut’s death in about 1458 BC, Thutmose III took over in his own right. He was a skilled general who led many successful military campaigns that established Egyptian supremacy in parts of Syria and western Asia.

约公元前1458年，哈特谢普苏特去世后，图特摩斯三世凭借自己的力量接管了政权。他是一位经验丰富的将军，领到了许多成功的军事行动，确立了埃及在叙利亚和西亚部分地区的霸主地位。

Upon his death, Egypt controlled Nubia, parts of Canaan (modern-day Israel), and the coasts of Syria and Lebanon. Thutmose’s reign marked the height of ancient Egypt’s power and wealth.

他死后，埃及控制了努比亚，迦南，以及叙利亚和黎巴嫩的海岸。图特摩斯的统治标志着古埃及的权力和财富达到顶峰。

Amenhotep III and Akhenaton

图特摩斯三世和埃赫那吞

Thutmose IV’s son Amenhotep III, who ruled from 1390 to 1353 BC, built the magnificent Temple of Luxor in Thebes and ordered the construction of the colossal seated statues called the Colossi of Memnon.

图特摩斯四世的儿子阿蒙霍特普三世于公元前1390年至1353年统治底比斯，他在底比斯建造了宏伟的卢克索神庙，并下令被称为门农巨像的巨大坐姿雕像。

Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton, a name meaning “beneficial to the Aton,” and he moved the capital of Egypt to a new site called Akhetaton. He married Nefertiti, a woman known for her great beauty.

阿蒙霍特普四世改名为埃赫那吞，意思是“有益于阿吞”，他把埃及首都搬到了一个叫做埃赫塔吞的新址。娶了以美丽著称的纳芙蒂蒂。

Akhenaton’s successor, King Tutankhamen, who took the throne in 1333 BC when he was only about nine years old and who ruled until his death in 1323 BC, restored the traditional Egyptian religion. During his short reign, he also returned the capital to Thebes. King Tutankhamen is famous for his extravagantly furnished tomb, which was discovered intact in the Valley of the Kings in 1922.

埃赫那吞的继任者图坦卡蒙在公元前1333年登基，当时只有九岁左右，到公元前1323年去世。在他短暂的统治期间，恢复了传统宗教，将首都迁回到底比斯。图坦卡蒙以其陈设奢华的陵墓而闻名，1922年在帝王谷发现了完好无损的陵墓。

Ramses II and Ramses III

拉美西斯二世和拉美西斯三世

Ramses II came to power in 1279 BC and reigned for more than 60 years. He quelled rebellions in southern Syria and fought the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. He captured towns in Galilee and Amor, but, unable to defeat the Hittites, he agreed to a peace treaty in 1258 BC. He married one and perhaps two of the Hittite king’s daughters, and the later part of his reign was free from war.

拉美西斯二世于公元前1279年掌权，统治了60多年。他平息了叙利亚南部的叛乱，并在卡迭石战役中与赫梯人作战。他占领了加利利和阿莫尔的城镇，但由于无法击败赫梯人，他在公元前1258年签署了一项和平条约。他娶了赫梯国王的一个或两个女儿，他统治的后期没有战争。

Early on he built a city in the Nile delta as a base for military campaigns and resumed construction of the temple of Osiris, begun by his father, Seti I. He added to the temple at Karnak and completed a temple for his father at Luxor. For his wife, Nefertari, he had two mountains crafted into temples at Abu Simbel. One was dedicated to her and the other to himself.

早些时候，他在尼罗河三角洲建造了一座城市，作为军事行动基地，并恢复了奥西里斯神庙的建造，这是由他父亲塞提一世开始的，他增加了卡纳克的神庙，并在卢克索为他的父亲完成了一座神庙。为了他的妻子奈菲尔塔利，他把两座山精心制作成了阿布辛贝神庙，一个献给她，另一个献给自己。

Ramses III (ruled 1187–1156 BCE) is believed to be the last great ancient Egyptian king. He enjoyed military victory against foreign invaders in three great wars.

拉美西斯三世（公元前1187-1156年）被认为是最后一位伟大的古埃及国王。他在三次大战中取得了对外国侵略者的军事胜利。

During the Third Intermediate Period (1075–656 BC), Theban priests gained control of much of the southern Nile River valley while foreign rulers controlled territory elsewhere.

在第三中间期（公元前1069-747年）祭司控制了上埃及地区，外国统治者控制了其他地区。

During the Late Period (664–332 BC), Egypt’s power continued to wane. Persia conquered Egypt from 525 BC until 404 BC. Three brief Egyptian dynasties followed, the last of which fell to a second Persian conquest in 341 BC.

后期（公元前747-332）埃及的力量继续减弱，从公元前525年到公元前404年，波斯征服了埃及。随后是三个短暂的埃及王朝，最后一个王朝在公元前332落入波斯第二次征服之手。

词汇短语：

empire 帝国

embark on 着手

conquest 征服

scale 规模

ambitious 野心勃勃的

border 边界

stretch 延伸

diplomacy 外交

established 建立

tribute 贡品

female 女性

throne 王位

infant 婴儿

regent 摄政王

take over 接管

skilled 有经验的

successful 成功

military 军事的

battle 战斗

campaign 战役

defeat 击败

fight 打斗

supremacy 至高无上

controlled 控制的

coast 海岸

magnificent 壮观的

colossal 巨大的

colossi 巨人

statue 雕像

beneficial 有益的

aton 阿吞神

successor 继承人

religion 宗教

extravagantly 奢侈的

furnish 装饰

reign 统治

quell 平息

rebellion 叛乱

treaty 条约

victory 胜利

against 反对

invader 侵略者

priest 祭司

gain 获得

territory 领土

elsewhere 别处

wane 减弱

brief 短暂的