超清晰语法教程！【非谓语】的全面讲解(上)
七七 | 非谓语（上）
非谓语
不反应时态
可以反映与谓语动作的光后关系
- To be the No.1，you must study harder.
- 之后
- He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
- 同时
- Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
- 之前
- Have you seen the building built in the 1970s?
- 无需强调先后
非谓语10种形式
充当谓语以外的所有成分
主宾表定状补
不定式句法
To become a millionaire is my dream.
- 主语
My dream is to become a millionaire.
- 表语
l want to become a millionaire.
- 宾语
She asks me to help her.
- 补语
He is the first one to come.
- 定语
To become a millionaire，l dreamed a lot.
- 状语
动名词句法
Traveling around the world is my dream.
- 主语
My dream is traveling around the world.
- 表语
l fancy walking in the rain.
- 宾语
This is a swimming pool.
- 定语
分词功能
My job is interesting.
- 表语
l saw him playing basketball when l went to school.
- 补语
Do you see the boy swimming in the pool?
- 定语
Seeing from the top of the mountain，l find the city more beautiful.
- 状语
l am so excited.
- 表语
l heard a song sung by 77 yesterday.
- 补语
The man injured in the accident is my idol.
- 定语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful.
- 补语
非谓语作主语
能做主语的非谓语动词只有
- 不定式
- to do
- to be done
- 具体的、一次性的动作
- 动名词
- doing
- being done
- 抽象的、习惯性的动作
To have a walk is my plan this afternoon.
To be checked in the airport is a routine.
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
Being punished by the teacher was what he deserved.
难点不难之：doing / being done 作主语
Being punished by the teacher was what he deserved.
- 被老师惩罚是他应受的。
Being a student is happy.
- 做学生是幸福的。
Being exposed to sunlight for too much will do harm to one's skin.
- be exposed to：暴露于
重点：不定式和动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语
①lt is/ was adj. for sb. to do sth.
- lt is easy for you to learn English with @Yiyinger.
- To learn English with @Yiyinger is easy.
- lt is easy to learn English with @Yiyinger for you.
- for sb. 放在句末也可以
- adj.是评价事件的词，如：hard、easy、impossible、unnecessary…
②lt is / was adj. of sb. to do sth.
- lt is wise of you to learn English with @Yiyinger.
- of sb. 不能随意调整位置
- adj.是形容人品性的词，如：kind、foolish、unwise、clever…
③lt is a/an n. to do sth.
- lt is a pity to miss such an important lecture.
- pity n. 遗憾的事
④lt takes sb. sometime to do sth.
- lt usually takes me an hour to go from home to work.
⑤lt is no use / good / harm doing sth.
- lt is no use crying over spilt milk.
- spill v. 洒出，溢出
- lt is no good complaining.
- complain：抱怨
⑥It is a waste of time doing sth.
- lt is a waste of time arguing with her.
非谓语作表语
主语常为aim，idea，plan，job，suggestion等名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，用不定式或动名词作表语，说明主语的具体内容。
- My idea is to discuss the problem in groups.
- What l would suggest is to start work at once.
不定式通常说明主语的职责，未来有待实现的行为
- My job is to clean the teachers' office.
动名词则表示比较抽象的、习惯性动作。
- His hobby is collecting coins.
主语和表语可以互换；采用的形式要一致
- My dream is to travel around the world. = To travel around the world is my dream.
- To see is to believe. = Seeing is Believing.
- To waste time is to waste life.
通常主语为事，“令人...的"
- The game is exciting.
遍常主语为人，“感到...的"
- We felt so excited.
remain作“有待”讲，后加to be done作表语；
- Our problem remains to be solved.
remain作“保持”讲，后可加现在分词和过去分词作表语；
- She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
- The true author of the book remains unknown.
- My task is to clean the classroom this afternoon.
- The story was moving . We were all deeply moved by the story.
- No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better to remain silent.
- lt is no good learning English without speaking English.
- Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
Being brought up in a poor family made Jack very hardworking when he was still young.
A. Bringing up
B. Being brought up✓
C. Having brought up
D. Brought up
- when ——去从句，找主句
- made ——主句的谓语动词
