Cuba opens up its economy to private businesses

BBC

2021年2月7日

Cuba has announced it will allow private businesses to operate in most industries, in what is a major reform to its state-controlled economy.

古巴已经宣布其将准许私有企业运营大部分行业，这是国家主导型经济的一次重大改革。

Labour Minister Marta Elena Feito said the list of authorised industries had expanded from 127 to more than 2,000.Only a minority of industries would be reserved for the state, she said. The communist country's economy has been hit hard by the pandemic and US sanctions introduced by the Trump administration.

古巴劳动部长Marta Elena Feito 表示被放开的企业从127个扩大到2000个。只有少部分仍保留国有制。这个共产国家的经济深受疫情和特朗普政府的美国制裁的打击。

sanction /ˈsæŋkʃn/  

名词1.[ pl.] ~ (against sb) 制裁•The economic sanctions have been lifted. 经济制裁业已取消。2.[ U ] ( formal )（正式）许可，批准 •These changes will require the sanction of the court. 这些变更须经法院认可。3.~ (against sth) 制裁；约束；处罚•The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant. 最严厉的处罚将是关闭这家餐馆。

动词1.( formal ) 许可；准许；准予•The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates. 政府拒绝批准进一步降低利率。2.( technical 术语 ) 惩罚；实施制裁

Last year its economy shrank by 11% - its worst decline in almost three decades - and Cubans have been facing shortages of basic goods.Ms Feito said just 124 industries would be exempt from private involvement. She did not mention which ones, but the AFP suggest it could be related to industries considered strategic to the state such as media, health and defence."That private work continues to develop, is the objective of this reform," Ms Feito said, stressing that this "will help free the productive forces" of the private sector.

去年古巴经济萎缩11%，是30年以来最大的降幅，古巴人民目前面临缺乏最基本物资的窘境。Feito女士说道有124个行业将不涉及私有资本进入。她没有说明是哪124个行业，但法新社猜测应该是涉及国家战略的行业，比如媒体、医疗和国防。“让私营企业继续发展是这次改革的目标”，她强调“这有助于解放私营企业生产力”

exempt /ɪɡˈzempt/ ~ (from sth) if sb/sth免除（责任、付款等）；获豁免 •The interest on the money is exempt from tax. 这笔钱的利息免税。•Some students are exempt from certain exams. 有的学生可免除某些考试。

Apart from hundreds of thousands of small farms, Cuba's non-state sector is composed mainly of small private businesses run by artisans, taxi drivers and tradesmen.Almost 40% of private businesses operate in the island's tourist industry, which has been hard hit by the pandemic and sanctions.

除了无数的小型农场，古巴非国有领域大部分是由工匠、的士司机和小商贩构成的微小经济体。大约40%的私营经济是在旅游岛景点运营，而这，在疫情和美国制裁中遭受重创。

Artisan：n. /ˌɑːtɪˈzæn/ 工匠；手艺人

原文链接：https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-55967709