一个方法，一种思维，搞定名词和冠词！
七七 | 名词与冠词
1️⃣名词
名词の分类
可数名词
①普通名词：
a book，books；a chair，chairs；a brother and 2 sisters
②集合名词：
family，class，group，government，team，company...
crowd群众，audience观众，committee夺员会，crew（轮船/飞机/剧组等）全体工作人员
classes班级/课程，families家庭，teams团队，governments政府，herds畜群，companies公司.…
不可敬名词
①物质名词：【物质的总称，无固定形态】
- 气体：air / gas
- 液体：water / milk
- 材料：powder / glass
- 食品：bread / rice
②抽象名词：【看不见、摸不着】
- 性质：honesty
- 动作：singing
- 状态：peace
- 学科：English / Physics
- 观念：wisdom
- 情感：excitement
③专有名词：【独一无二，无二可敬首字母大写，通常不加冠词】
国家：China
城市：Beijing
人名：Yiyinger
月份：April
节日：Christmas Day
呈期：Friday
常考不可数名词
- advice：建议
- fun：乐趣
- baggage / luggage：行李
- garbage：垃圾
- behavior：行为
- homework housework：作业 / 家务
- criticism：批判
- information / news：信息 / 新闻
- equipment：设备
- knowledge：知识
- evidence：证据
- progress：进步，进展
- furniture：家具
- pollution：污染
难点不难之：单复数同形词
deer / sheep / fish / Chinese / Japanese ...
means 方式 / 方法
- a means of 一种手段 / 方法
- all possible means 所有可能的方法
species 物种
- a rare species of 一种稀有的...物种
- many species 许多物种
series 系列
- a series of 一系列，一连串的
- three series 三个系列
难点不难之：抽象名词具体化
①乐、幸、傲、憾、慰、成、败、惊、险、助、美
- a pleasure：乐事
- a success：成功
- a failure：失败
- an honor：荣誉
- a surprise：吃惊
- a pride：骄傲
- a danger：危险
- a pity：遗憾
- a help：帮忙
- a comfort：安慰
- a beauty：美人
②表示“一…”，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰
- a long wait
- have a feeling
- an unforgettable experience
- have a look
- have a good time
- take a walk
- have a bright future
- give a try
- have a population / history of ...
- make an apology
- have a good knowledge / understanding of ...
- go out for a walk
2️⃣冠词
冠词の分类
听者 / 读者是否明百是哪个特定对象
不定冠词：a / an
定冠词：the
零冠词：x
难点不难之：the不the
语法"伪"规则一宗罪之： the + 第二次提及的事物
- l saw a movie last night.
- The movie was awesome!
语法"伪"规则二宗罪之：根据语境可以推出的事物或情况
- Where is Dad？He is in the kitchen.
- Please turn on the light.
- May l use the phone?
语法"伪"规则三宗罪之：独一无二的事物
- the sun：太阳
- the earth：地球
- the city / countryside：城市 / 乡村
- the moon：月亮
- the world：世界
- the Lord：上帝
语法"伪"规则四宗罪之：当名词前有最高级、序敬词修饰时
- This might be the best video about articles l have ever seen.
- This video helped me understand，for the first time，the usage of articles.
语法"伪"规则五宗罪之：
当名词被adj.、分词、介短、定从修饰
当名词后跟of结构时
- the same color / the beautiful flower
- the girl wearing a dress / the man in black / the oranges on the table
- Do you remember the story l told you yesterday?
- the end of the year / the beauty of the actress
语法"伪"规则六宗罪之： the +形容词 = 一类人
- the poor people
- the rich
- the old people
- the aged
- the young people
- the uneducated
语法"伪"规则七宗罪之：加the不加the大不一样
- go to the school
- go to school / college / work / church / prison
- be at the church
- be at school / college / work/church
- in the prison
- be in prison
难点不难之：the+身体部位
表示人体部位的名词出现在表示"接触/打击/疼痛/伤患"等词后面，常用the
a pain in the chest
难点不难之：a还是an
- 看起来像是，但实际不是
- a European
- a uniform / university / useful / unita
- one-day trip
- one-eyed dog
2. 看起来不是，但实际是
- an honor / honest boy
- an hour
3. 一看就是
an+名词：
- an actor / egg / idea / orange / umbrella
an+形容词+名词：
- an old / outgoing friend
- an elder lady
- an ugly mood
an+以F/H/L/M/N/R/S/X开头的缩写词
- an FBl agent
- an X-ray machine
an+数字
an eight-year-old artist
4. 一看就不是
a student / friend / bicycle
难点不难之：常考零冠词
"by+名词"表示交通方式
go / travel by bike / car / taxi / bus / train / sea / air空路 / water水路
on foot走路去
“对称"的习惯性表达
arm in arm
day after day
face to face
hand in hand
side by side
year after year
