大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破
前 言
大学英语四、六级考试改革已有一段时间了。但无论其形式如何变化，掌握并有效地运用英语词汇仍是每一个英语学习者亟待解决的问题。
几乎每个学习英语并想通过各类英语考试的人都在背单词，都希望在最短的时间内掌握考点词汇，但通常是顾此失彼。这就要求考生在面对英语考试的时候，要目标明确。《大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破》一书给考生提供了有效学习单词的方法，帮助考生有的放矢、高效地掌握必须掌握的词汇，从而顺利地通过英语考试。
《大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破》一书以词在考试中的频率为纲，词在句中的理解为线，词在阅读中的辨析为点，贯穿全书。其中还以真题训练为本，以时间为单位进行科学合理的巩固练习，进而使广大考生全面、有效地掌握英语词汇在句中的语义及使用。
本书的具体特点如下：
1. 阐释全面，强调辅助记忆的环环相扣。所选词汇都配有音标、大纲释义与例句。值得一提的是每个例句还配有中文的译文。
2. 目标明确，强调应试学习的事半功倍。高频词汇皆从真题中选出，词汇的例句都是从真题的阅读理解、词汇与结构题中精选出来的，这既能给考生提供真实的语境，又是一种潜在的应试准备与技巧训练。
3. 效用词汇，强调频率出现的高低。我们通过计算机对1993年至今的四级考试真题认真地进行了分析、汇总，准确记录其间出现的全部四级大纲词汇及其出现频率，因此书中所录词汇皆为四级考试中频繁出现而且必须掌握的。
4. 主次分明，强调重点记忆的先后。本书词条的编排以单词在历年的真题中出现的频率高低为排列依据，频率高的在先，打破以往的编排常规，以便考生最早、最快、最有效地消化那些出现频率高而又重要的词汇。
本书凝结了编著者的多年教学经验与心血，为在摸索中的广大莘莘学子点亮了一盏前进的明灯。祝广大考生在即将到来的四级考试中取得好成绩!
编者
目录
第1天……………………………1
频率为24、23、19～10次的单词
第2天……………………………20
频率为9、8次的单词
第3天……………………………38
频率为7次的单词
第4天……………………………53
频率为6次的单词(一)
第5人……………………………67
频率为6次的单词(二)
第6天……………………………80
频率为5次的单词(一)
第7天……………………………91
频率为5次的单词(二)
第8天…………………………107
频率为4次的单词(一)
第9天…………………………122
频率为4次的单词(二)
第10天…………………………139
频率为4次的单词(三)
第11人…………………………153
频率为3次的单词(一)
第12人…………………………169
频率为3次的单词(二)
第13天…………………………184
频率为3次的单词(三)
第14天…………………………200
频率为3次的单词(四)
第15天…………………………216
频率为3次的单词(五)
第16天…………………………231
频率为2次的单词(一)
第17天…………………………246
频率为2次的单词(二)
第18天…………………………257
频率为2次的单词(三)
第19天…………………………270
频率为2次的单词(四)
第20天…………………………283
频率为2次的单词(五)
第21天…………………………297
频率为2次的单词(六)
第22天…………………………310
频率为2次的单词(七)
第23天…………………………322
频率为2次的单词(八)
第24天…………………………337
频率为2次的单词(九)
第25天…………………………349
频率为2次的单词(十)
第26天…………………………363
常考词组
附录………………………………387
单词索引
第1天
频率为24次的单词
consumer n. 消费者，用户，消耗者The price increases were passed on by the firm to the consumers. 公司把价格上涨转嫁给了消费者。/The factory is a big coal consumer in the region. 这家工厂是这一地区的用煤大户。
频率为23次的单词
social adj. ①社会的The family is a social unit. 家庭是社会的组成单位。②交际的，社交的a social engagement社交约会
【记忆】soci(词根)社会→social社会的，社交的
product n. ①产品，产物He was a typical product of his generation and background. 他是那个时代背景下那代人的典型代表。②乘积40 is the product of 8 and 5. 40是8和5的乘积。
词汇辨析
product, produce, production
product意为“产品，产物”，是最普通用词。指由劳动力或土地生产的东西，一般是工业产品，有时也借喻文学艺术作品。This work was the product of twenty years of labor. 这部作品是二十年劳动的结晶。
produce意为“产品，产物，农产品”，特指农产品的总称，因为具有“集合的”意味，所以不能用复数形式。大体来说，produce指自然的产物。The rich produce of the mountainous district is conveyed by rail to the neighbouring cities. 这个山区丰富的农产品由火车运到邻近的城市。
production意为“产品，生产”，它有两个含义：一是指生产的行为，一是指生产的结果，主要是根据身心的劳动而得到的产物。借喻时指文学艺术作品。He put forward a plan for improving the rate of production. 他提出一个提高生产率的计划。
likely adj. ①可能的，有希望的It seemed hardly likely that they would agree. 看上去他们不太可能同意。 ②适合的It is really a likely spot to build a house on. 那儿真是建造房屋的合适地点。/There were several likely candidates for the job. 有好几个比较适合这项工作的人选。
adv. 可能They'll likely buy a new car this year. 他们今年可能会买辆新车。
【用法】be likely to do sth. 和It is likely that...表示“很可能”。The train is likely to be late. 这趟火车很可能晚点。/It is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不会同意。
频率为19次的单词
system n . ①系统，体系We have a large system of railway. 我们有一个庞大的铁路系统。②制度，体制What system of government do you have in your country?你们国家的政体是什么?③方法，做法a good system of teaching English教英语的一种好方法4身体Too much anxiety has weakened his aunt's system. 他姑姑因为过于焦虑而变得虚弱。
activity n. ①活动，行动Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study. 课外活动太多，占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。②活跃，活力The classroom was full of activity；every child was busy. 教室里充满了活跃的气氛，每个孩子都忙个不停。
频率为18次的单词
reward n. ①报答，奖赏Clare offered a fifty-dollar reward for the return of her lost dog. 克莱尔为了找回她丢失的狗悬赏50美元。2报酬，酬金get nothing in reward for one's hard work辛苦工作而无任何报酬/give sb. a reward of￥100给某人100元人民币的报酬vt. 报答，酬谢，奖励How can I reward your generosity?我怎样才能报答你的慷慨呢?
频率为17次的单词
stress n. ①压力，紧张(同义：strain，pressure, tension)He was under financial stress. 他经济状况十分窘迫。/Some young people are completely struck down by the stress of examinations. 有些年轻人被考试的压力完全压垮了。
②强调，重要性(同义：emphasis)Father always puts a lot of stress on good table manners. 父亲一向非常强调要有好的餐桌礼仪。3应力4重音The stress is on the first syllable. 重音在第一个音节上。
vt. 强调，着重，重读The speaker stressed the importance of education. 发言人强调了教育的重要性。/He stressed the need for better education. 他强调需要更好的教育。
词汇辨析
stress，pressure，strain，tension
stress表示使物体变形的力，如重力、压力；也可指由于某种原因而引起的心理或情绪乃至身体上的紧张。She couldn't cope with the stresses of the city life，so she decided to move to the countryside. 由于承受不了城市生活的紧张压力，她决定移居乡村。
pressure通常指压迫物体表面的压力，还指他人、外界或社会施加的强制力或影响力。Pressure was brought to bear on Smith to make him change his mind about not doing his work. 有人给史密斯施加压力，以期改变他原不想工作的想法。
strain在科技文中指使物体变形的力，尤指张力和拉力。用于与人有关的事情时，则多指非常吃力以致影响人健康的紧张状态。It's generally held that most earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of elastic strain when this becomes greater than the strength of the rock. 人们通常认为大部分地震是由于弹性应力变得比岩石强度大而突然释放出来造成的。
tension指两种引起弹性物体伸张的平衡力中的一种，非科技用法则指因关系不友好而造成的紧张状态。
To ease the Middle East tension will play an important part in promoting peace and development of the whole world. 缓和中东地区紧张局势对促进世界和平与发展将起到重要作用。
expert n. 专家，能手He is a leading expert on agriculture in China. 他是中国首屈一指的农业专家。
adj. 专家的，内行的，熟练的All the young men are expert drivers. 所有这些年轻人都是驾驶能手。
concern n. ①关心的事It's no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。/The managing director's only concern was how to improve the quality of their products. 总经理心里想的全是如何提高产品质量。②关心，担心a nurse's concern for a sick man护士对病人的关心③关系，关联a matter of the utmost concern关系重大的事，头等大事④公司，企业Our concern only makes shoes for children. 本公司专做童鞋。
vt. ①涉及，有关于an article that concerns the plight of homeless people关于无家可归者处境的文章②使关心，使担心The firm's weak financial posture is starting to concern its stockholders. 这个公司的财政危机困扰着股东们。
【词组】as/so far as…be concerned就…而言As far as they themselves are concerned, they are safe and sound. 至于他们自身，则安然无恙。
【用法】concerned作前置定语时，表示“关切的”，作后置定语时，表示“有关的”。the concerned parents of youthful offenders少年犯们忧心忡忡的父母/the authorities concerned有关当局
【记忆】cern(词根)搞清，区别→concern关心，涉及；关系到
频率为16次的单词
university n. 大学Oxford University牛津大学/a university professor大学教授/university course大学课程
individual adj. ①个别的，单独的，个人的The teacher gave individual instruction to the students before exams. 考前老师给学生们进行了个别指导。②独特的I can identify her handwriting because of its individual style. 我能认出她的字，因为其风格独特。
n. 个人，个体Knowledge is crucial in determining an individual's intelligence. 一个人的智慧取决于知识。
【辨析】参见private(P44)
频率为15次的单词
view n. ①看法，见解，观点In my view，the scheme seems impractical. 依我看，这计划似乎不实用。②观察，视野，眼界That hill blocks my view. 那座小山挡住了我的视野。③景色，风景The new building spoils the view from our windows. 那座新建筑破坏了我们窗外的景色。
vt. ①看待，考虑，估量In Britain，and on the Continent too，the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries. 在英国以及欧洲大陆，日本人有时被看作对本地工业的一种威胁。②观察，看The police viewed the scene of the crime. 警方察看了犯罪现场。
【词组】in view of鉴于，考虑到in view of these facts鉴于这些事实|| with a view to为了He has bought the land with a view to building a house. 他买这块地是要盖房子。
词汇辨析
view，scene
view指在某一位置所能看见的实物。A fine view of the city can be obtained from the tower of the Town Hall.站在市政厅的塔楼上可以俯瞰全城的美丽景色。
scene侧重指展现在眼前的可见的风景或景物。The sunrise was a wonderful scene. 日出是一种奇妙的景观。
opportunity n. 机会，时机(同义：chance, probability) Many new opportunities will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. 受过高等教育的人将来会有很多新机会。
hunt n. ①打猎，猎取a member of the hunt打猎队中的一员②搜寻，寻找Our hunt for a cheaper house is at last at an end. 我们想寻找一幢便宜些的房子的事终于有了结果。③驱逐，追逐，追捕witch hunt搜捕女巫；政治迫害v. ①打猎，猎取hunt the county在这个郡中打猎②搜寻，寻找We've been hunting for the lost boy all over. 我们一直都在到处寻找那个失踪的男孩。③驱逐，追逐，追捕They hunted him down and strung him up. 捉住他后，他们将他捆了起来。
【词组】hunt down对…穷追到底，追捕到The determined detective decided to hunt down the serial killer. 坚定不移的侦探决定对连环杀手穷追到底。
challenge n. ① 艰巨的任务a career that offers a challenge大有作为的事业②怀疑，质问a challenge to a theory对一项理论的质疑3挑战，邀请比赛This examination is a real challenge. 这次考试是个真正的挑战。vt. ①向…挑战f同义：confront)He challenged me to a game of chess. 他向我挑战下棋。②对…质疑，对…怀疑(同义：question, doubt，dispute)a book that challenges established beliefs质疑既定信念的书籍
频率为14次的单词
process n. ①过程，进程(同义：course，procedure) the process of obtaining a driver's license取得驾照的过程2工序，制作法a manufacturing process生产工序 ③(法律)程序，(诉讼)手续a complex legal process繁琐的法律程序
vt. 加工，处理，办理First we received the order，then processed it，and finally dispatched the goods. 我们首先接到订单，然后进行加工处理，最后发送货物。
频率为13次的单词
project n. ①方案，计划(同义：plan, scheme)A project to establish a new national park is under way. 建立一座新国家公园的计划正在进行中。②课题，项目The committee granted funds for a research project. 委员会已经给一个研究项目拨了专款。③工程The new dam is a major construction project，funded by the government. 新水坝是一项由政府出资的主要建设工程。
vt. ①投射，发射，放映I had n0 screen，so I projected the slides onto an old white sheet. 因为没有屏幕，我把幻灯片投射到一张白色的旧床单上。②伸出Some creatures project their tongue to catch flies and other insects.有些动物会伸出舌头捕捉苍蝇和其他昆虫。
vi. 伸出，突出His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。
amount n. ①量，数量，数额He has saved a large amount of money for travelling in Europe next year. 为了明年游历欧洲，他已经积攒了一大笔钱。②总额，总数(同义：sum，total) What is the amount of my bill?我的账单一共是多少钱?
vi. (to)①合计，共计His debts amount to over $1,000. 他负债总共超过一千美元。② (在意义、价值等方面)等同，接近Your words amount to a refusal. 你说的话等于是拒绝。
【记忆】a-(前缀)表示“运动方向”→amount总计；等于
ability n. ①能力，本领We found him a job more suited to his abilities. 我们为他找到了更适合发挥他才能的工作。/a man of ability有本事的人②才能，才智great musical ability卓越的音乐才华
【词组】to the best of one's ability尽自己最大努力I have done the job to the best of my ability. 我已经尽力做这项工作了。
【用法】ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for，但不能接of。 She has the ability to organize a club. 她有能力组织一个俱乐部。/She has the ability in/for organization. 她有组织能力。
【真题】He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _______ .
A) future B) possibility
C) ability D) opportunity
选C 他很快得到了提升，因为他的上司意识到他是一个非常有能力的人。这四个选项的意思分别是：A)“将来，未来，前景”；B)“可能(性)”；C)“能力，本领；才能，才智”；D)“机会”。C)符合题意。
频率为12次的单词
rate n. ①速度，进度They are driving at me rate of 50kilometres an hour. 他们以每小时50公里的速度开车。②比率，率Velocity is the rate of change of distance with respect to time. 速度是距离与时间之比。③价格，费There is now a rate war among the world’s airlines. 目前，全球各航空公司正在进行价格战。
vt. ①对…估价，评估We rate your services highly. 我们对你的服务评价很高。②给…定级，把…列为(同义：grade，rank) He rates himself above an ordinary clerk. 他认为自己的级别高于一般职员。③值得，应得That joke didn't rate a laugh. 那个笑话不值得一笑。
vi. 被评价，被列入特定级别She rates high. 她得到的评价很高。/Shanghai rates as the biggest trade center in China. 上海是中国最大的贸易中心。
【词组】at any rate无论如何，至少At any rate，I must go on Monday. 无论如何. 星期一我一定要去。|| at this rate照这种情形，既然这样At this rate，they can't afford this house. 照这种情形，他们买不起这座房子。
radiation n. ①放射物，辐射物The girl suffered from radiation exposure. 这个女孩因为暴露在辐射物中而受伤害。②辐射The prison authorities poisoned him with slow radiation. 监狱当局用慢性辐射毒害他。
feature n. ①当局特征，特色The magazine makes a marked feature of fashion. 这种杂志的显著特色就是时尚。②[常pl.]面貌，相貌He has a tall figure，and a good set of features. 他身材高大，五官端正。③特写，专题节目a front-page feature on coal-mining有关采煤的头版特写④故事片feature films故事片
vt. 突出，由…主演The play featured two well-known actors 这出戏由两位著名的演员主演。/a film featuring famous
actors由大明星主演的影片
February n. 二月I started learning English on February this year. 我今年二月开始学英语。
environment n. 环境，周围状况，自然环境(同义：surrounding, circumstance) We, the youth, should strive to maintain world peace and create a peaceful international environment for the nation's modernization drive.我们年轻人应该为维护世界和平以及为国家的现代化建设创造和平的国际环境而努力。
【辨析】参见background(P204)
create vt. ①创造，创作，创建Dickens created many wonderful characters in his novel. 狄更斯在小说中塑造了许多惟妙惟肖的人物。②引起，产生It's bound to create trouble sooner or later. 这肯定迟早会引起麻烦。
【记忆】ere(词根)创造，生长，增长→create创造，创作；产生，制造
crash vi. ①碰撞，倒下，坠落Their car crashed into a guardrail. 他们的车撞上了护栏。/The airplane crashed over the ocean. 飞机在海上坠毁。②发出撞击(或爆裂)声breakers crashing against the rocks海浪撞在岩石上的哗哗声③垮台，破产His business plan crashed. 他的商业计划失败了。
vt. ①撞击，砸碎crash the vase to the floor把花瓶砸碎在地上②冲，闯crash the party擅自闯入聚会
n. ①碰撞，坠落，坠毁a car crash撞车事故②破裂声，哗啦声The car hit the tree with a crash. 汽车轰隆一声撞到了树上。
advertise vt. ①为…做广告，宣传The enterprise advertised the products for sale on television.这家公司在电视上做广告以出售产品。②(在报刊、电视、广播等中)公布，通知 The notice of the conference is advertised in the newspaper. 报纸上刊登了会议公告。
vi. 登广告，做广告，登公告They will advertise for someone to manage the hotel. 他们要登广告招聘新人管理酒店。
【难句】Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. 在广告上花钱与在其他任何我所知的东西上花钱毫无两样。
频率为11次的单词
writer n. 作者，作家a speech writer讲稿执笔人/the writer of a letter写信人/a film writer-director电影编导tend [tend] vi. ①易于，往往会People who always smoke tend to get lung cancer. 常抽烟的人易患肺癌。②趋向，倾向(同义：incline) His style tends to elaboration. 他的风格倾向于精雕细琢。
vt. 照管，护理(同义：help, nurse，look after) tend plants照料花木/tend the sick and wounded护理伤病员
【难句】Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. 如果一段时间没有反复练习，那么学过的东西就有可能被忘记，适应的结果也好像并不明显。
status n. ①地位，身份(同义：standing，identity，position) the social status of women in China today今日中国妇女的社会地位/ Doctors have high status in most countries.在许多国家医生的地位都很高。②情形，状况a status report on foreign affairs一份外交形势报告
【真题】The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position.
A) curiosity B) status
C ) determination D) significance
选B一个人的着装可大致体现他的身份或社会地位。四个选项的含义分别为：A)“好奇心”；B)“身份，地位”；C)“决定；判决”；D)“意义”。
statute n. ①成文法；法令，法规by statute依据法规②章程，规则，条例the statute of a university 大学规章制度
roader n. ①读者I'm a great reader of science fiction. 我很喜欢看科幻小说。②读物，读本We use the graded English readers. 我们使用分级英语教材。
per prep. 每，每一ten cents per pound每磅十美分
local adj. ①地方性的，当地的，本地的The writer's fame is local rather than national. 这位作家在当地比在国内其他地方有名。②局部的，狭隘的You'd better not hold a local viewpoint. 你最好不要持有狭隘的观点。
n. [常pl. ]当地人，本地人It is difficult to make friends with the locals. 很难与当地人交朋友。
highway n. 公路，交通要道highways and byways 干道和支线/a highway to success成功之路
brand n. ①商标，(商品的)牌子②特殊类型He has his own brand of humour. 他有他独特的幽默。
vt. ①打烙印于，以烙铁打标记于Farmer Brown's cattle are branded with the letter B. 布朗农场里的牛身上都烙有字母“B”。②加污名于，谴责The opposition parties are branding the Premier as a man without principle. 反对党谴责首相是个没有原则的人。
【难句】Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车——地点、地名以及名牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。
assume vt. ①假定，假设，臆断(同义：suppose, presume, believe, think；反义：conclude) I assume that you have heard the news. 想必你已听到了消息。 ②承担，担任，就职He assumed the premiership in 2000. 他于2000年担任总理之职。③呈现，具有；采取(同义：adopt) Her countenance assumed a smile. 她的脸上出现了笑容。
【难句】Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.另外一种思想会假设存在一个容量有限的记忆储存系统，这个系统会特别地通过遗忘来提供一种适应外部世界的灵活性。
【真题】_______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.
A) Concerning B) Ascertaining
C) Assuming D) Regarding
选C假如对能源的需求以现在的速度继续增加的话，不久，传统的能源就会不足了。assuming that=supposing/suppose that，意为“假定”，正合题意。A)为介词，意为“关于”；B)为ascertain“查明，弄清，确定”的现在分词形式；D)为介词，意为“关于”。
频率为10次的单词
physical adj. ①身体的，肉体的Mental readiness is sometimes more important than physical fitness.心理准备有时比身体健康更重要。②物理的，物理学的The book deals with many physical puzzles. 这本书论及了许多物理难题。③物质的，有形的We should let children have the opportunity to look at the physical world around them.我们应让孩子们有机会观察周围的物质世界。
n. 体检You don't look well. Why don't you go for a physical?你看上去脸色不好，为什么不去检查检查身体?
instant adj. ①立即的，即刻的The new book was an instant success. 新书一出版就大获成功。②紧急的，急迫的(同义：urgent，prompt，quick，immediate)We are in instant need of help. 我们急需帮助。③(食品)速溶的，方便的instant coffee速溶咖啡
n. 瞬间，时刻Come here this instant. 马上到这里来。
focus v. (on)(使)聚集，(使)集中；聚焦Many foreign firms are focusing on increasing their markets in China. 许多外国公司都注重扩大在中国的市场。/All eyes were focused on the speaker. 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。/ This photograph looks funny; I think you forgot to focus the camera. 这张照片看上去有些滑稽，我想你是忘了给照相机调焦距了。
n. ①焦点，焦距，聚焦the principal focus主焦点②(注意、活动等的)中心The problem of pollution became the focus of public attention. 污染问题成了公众关注的焦点。
【真题】All her energies are _______ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.
A) guided B ) aimed
C) directed D) focused
选D她的精力全部倾注在孩子身上，似乎都没有时间顾及其他。动词介词搭配题。本题的关键是选项中动词与介词upon的搭配。A)guide sth./sb, to; B)aim sth. at; C)direct sb. to/towards; D)focus sth. on/upon。
fashion n. ①方式，样子(同义：style，mode，trend)she speaks in a very strange fashion. 她说话的方式非常奇怪。②流行款式，时新式样，时装She always wears the latest fashion in Paris. 她总是身着巴黎最新款式的服装。
词汇辨析
fashion, style
fashion既可指服饰等的时新式样或语言、行为等的方式；也可指某物一时流行或时兴起来。Using the perfumes of violet and rose formed a fashion of the day. 使用紫罗兰和玫瑰香水成了当时的风尚。
style一般指服装等的款式或发型，语气比fashion强，且含有独特和高雅之意。This style is very fashionable now. 这种款式现在很流行。
expand v. ①扩大，扩张，扩展China and the United States should expand their contacts, enhance mutual understanding, and deal with bilateral matters in the spirit of respecting each other. 中美两国应该扩大接触，增进相互理解，在相互尊重的精神指导下处理双边问题。②膨胀Heat causes air to expand. 热使气体膨胀。
【真题】Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _______ 27 %.
A) by B) for
C) to D) in
选A 1974年至1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27％。expand by意为“增加了…”，后接数字。
effective adj. ①有效的，生效的，起作用的They delayed the effective date from June 3 to June 28.他们把生效日期从6月3日推迟到6月28日。2给人印象深刻的She has turned out to be an effective speaker.最终证明，她是一位能够打动听众的演讲者。③实际的，事实上的The number of effective wage earners in this city only takes up 23％. 这个城市实际靠工资生活的人仅占23％。
decline n. 下降，减少，衰退In our city，interest in sports is on the decline. 本市对运动的兴趣每况愈下。/She is on the decline，and may die soon. 她的健康状况越来越糟，可能不久就会死去。
vi. ①下降，减少Last year，me crime rate in chicago sharply declined. 去年芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。②衰退，衰落(同义：sink，fall，weaken；反义：flourish) What caused the Roman Empire to decline?罗马帝国衰亡的原因是什么?③谢绝，拒绝(同义：refuse, reject；反义：accept, agree)The minister declined to make a statement to the newspaper. 部长拒绝向报界发表声明。
vt. 谢绝，拒绝We asked them to come to our party，but they declined the invitation. 我们邀请他们来参加聚会，但他们婉言谢绝了。
【记忆】clin(词根)斜坡→decline减少，下降，衰弱
bonefit n. ①益处，好处The changes are to our benefit. 这些变革对我们有利。②救济金，保险金These people draw unemployment benefits. 这些人领取失业救济金。
vt. 有益于The reforms will benefit working families. 这些改革将使有工作的家庭得到好处。
vi. 得益People who stole did not benefit from ill-gotten gains. 窃贼们并未从不义之财中得到过好处。
【用法】to one's benefit表示“对…有好处”。The changes are to out benefit. 这些变化对我们有好处。
【记忆】bene-(前缀)表示“善”→benefit利益
【辨析】参见profit(P58)
【难句】Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. 对水坝的影响及水坝控制水流的成本和收益进行恰当而科学的研究有助于解决这些冲突。
adult n. 成年人(或动物)The adults in the family like the front page, the editorial page, and the world news section. 家里的大人们喜欢头版，即社论和世界新闻版。
adj. ①成年的，充分长成的He has a very adult manner although he’s only 12. 虽然他只有十二岁，但举止却很像大人。②成年人的，适宜于成年人的adult education成人教育
练习
1. His remarks left me _______ about his real purpose.
A) wondered B) wonder
C) to wonder D) wondering
2. I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.
A) to speak B) spoken
C) to have spoken D) speak
3. Our son doesn't know what to _______ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.
A) take in B) take up
C) take over D) take after
4. The house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain.
A) isolated B) isolating
C) being isolated D) having been isolated
5. He came back late, _______ which time all the guests had already left.
A) after B) by
C) at D) during
6. I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A) interfered B) offended
C) impressed D) bothered
7. If the whole operation_______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A) was not planned B) has not been planned
C) had not been planned D) were not planned
8. The price of beer _______ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.
A) altered B) ranged
C) separated D) differed
答案
1. D 他的话让我怀疑他的真实意图。
题干中的left用法类似kept，故选D)，作宾语补足语。
2. D 我曾听到老师和同学都称赞他。
不定式在感官动词后面作宾补时，to应省略。类似的感官动词还有feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch等。
3. B 我们的儿子不知道在大学里该干些什么，他还没有决定将来做什么。
take in“领会，接受，欺骗”；take up“拿起，占据，开始从事；以…作为爱好或消遣”；take over“接收，接管，接任”；take after“与…相像”。
4. A 这幢房子十分安静，它位于山麓而被隔开了。分析句子结构，后半句中的主语为it，指代主句中的house，根据它和isolate的关系应选择A)过去分词，在该题中是过去分词作表语前置，表强调。
5. B 他回来晚了，到家时所有的客人都已经走了。在与表示时间的名词搭配时，at指具体时刻；by表示到某时为止动作已完成，和完成时连用；during表示一段时间内某事的进展。
6. D 在这种时候问了你这么多问题，真是不好意思。
interfer“干涉，妨碍；介入”；offend“激发；使憎恨；使不愉快”；impress“留下印象；引人注目”；bother“干扰；麻烦；忧虑”。根据句意，D)项正确。bother sb. with sth. 意为“打扰某人，给某人添麻烦”。
7. C 如果整个运作事先没有计划好，将会损失大量的时间和金钱。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟句，从句中该用“had+过去分词”。
8. B 夏季每升啤酒的价格从50美分到4美元不等。
alter“更改，改变”；range“在…范围内变化，分布”；separate“分开，隔离”；differ“有区别，发生分歧”。
第2天
频率为9次的单词
affect v. 影响We are interested in the weather because it affects us so directly—what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. 我们对天气感兴趣，因为天气对我们穿衣、做事，甚至心情都有直接的影响。
compete vi. 竞争，比赛Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加了赛跑。/compete with others for a prize为得奖与人竞争
global adj. ①全球的，全世界的He gave a fairly accurate forecast of what might be expected to happen if another global War broke out. 他相当准确地预测到当另一次全球战争爆发时，可能会发生的情况。②总的，完整的They have doubled their global output. 他们的总产量翻了一番。
policy n. ①政策，方针The new policy may have an effect on small business. 新政策也许会对小企业产生影响。②保险单He took out a fire insurance policy for his house. 他买了房屋火灾保险。/contract policy合同保险单/life insurance policy人寿保险单
【记忆】poli(词根)国家，城市→policy政策，方针
account n. ①记述，描述，报告(同义：description, story，information，report，record) Don't always believe the media’s accounts of events. 不要老是相信媒体的报道。②账，账户I have an account to settle with him. 我有笔账要与他结算。③解释，说明No satisfactory account was given of these phenomena. 对这些现象不曾提出令人满意的解释。
vi. (for)l说明…的原因，是…的原因He could not account for his foolish mistake. 他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢错误。②(在数量、比例上)占It accounts for 30percent of all railway accidents. 这占了全部铁路交通事故的30％。
【词组】of no account不重要的It is of no account whether you come or not. 你来不来无所谓。|| on account of 为了…的缘故，因为，由于We got married on account of the baby. 我们因为孩子的缘故而结婚。|| on no account绝不，绝对不On no account should you go. 你绝对不能去。|| take account of考虑到，顾及，体谅You should take account of this element. 你应该考虑这个因素。|| take...into account见take account of
【难句】This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"这就解释了我们对于诸如塑料垃圾桶和带轮子的旅行包等那些使生活更加便利的看似简单的发明的反应：“为什么以前没有人想到这么做?”
【真题】I'd _______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A) take into account B) account for
C ) make up for D) make out
选A我会把他在该地区其他农民和商人中的声誉考虑在内，然后决定是否同意贷款。四个选项的意思分别是：A)“把…考虑在内”；B)“说明…发生的原因”；C)“弥补，补偿”；D)“书写，拼凑”。
foundation n. ①[pl. ]地基The workers are laying the foundations of a building. 工人们正在给房子打地基。②基础，基本原理，根据The rumour is without foundation in fact. 这谣言毫无事实根据。 ③基金会foundation school靠基金会维持的学校/Rockefeller foundation洛克菲勒基金/non-profit foundation公益基金/educational foundations教育基础；教育基金(会)④建立，设立，创办The foundation of P. R. China was in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
【记忆】found(词根)基础→foundation基础，地基；成立，建立，创办
involve vt. ① 包含，含有Taking this job involves living abroad. 接受这份工作就必须去国外居住。②使卷入，使参与This project is so complicated that hundreds of people will be involved in the whole range of work. 这项工程如此复杂，以致成百上千的人将参加到工作的全过程中去。③牵涉The changes in the business involve the interests of all stock owners. 业务上的变化要牵涉所有股东的利益。
【用法】involve的被动形式表示“卷入…，专心做…，牵涉到…”，其形式为be/get involved in；involve后接动名词时表示“涉及…”，其形式为involve doing sth. 。Not long ago，a person whom I know Very well was involved in an accident. 不久前，我的一位熟人卷入了一场纠纷中。/Building that railway was very difficult and involved digging ten tunnels. 铺设那条铁路很困难，需要挖掘十条隧道。
【记忆】volve(词根)转，卷→involve卷入，陷入
【难句】It is a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.这是一种在不同时期都会涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。
lightning n. 闪电lightning arrester避雷器/lightning bug(美)萤火虫/lightning way闪电战
technology n. 工艺，技术the new technology of microprocessor微型处理器的新工艺
leak v. ①(使)漏，(使)渗出a damaged reactor leaking radioactivity into the atmosphere一座损坏的向大气泄漏放射性物质的反应堆2泄露，走漏The policeman leaked classified information to a reporter. 警察将机密情报透露给了记者。
n. ①漏洞，裂缝A small leak will sink a great ship. <谚>小洞沉大船(小患不治成大灾)。 ②泄漏，漏出量equipment used in cleaning up oil leaks用来清除漏油的设备③(消息等的)走漏Sometimes we can't respond to stories based on leaks. 有时候我们不该对泄露出去的消息作出回应。
competition n. 竞争，比赛He was in competition with ten others and won the race. 他与十个人比赛并获得了胜利。
behavior n. ①行为，举止，表现artificial behavior矫揉造作的举止/political behavior政治表现②(机器等的)运转情况，(事物的)反应The ship’s behavior was satisfactory on its trial run. 那艘船在试航时的表现令人满意。/the behavior of interest rates利率的升降情况
词汇辨析
behavior, conduct, manner
behavior指“行为，品行，态度”，指有意或无意的行为、举止或活动，可以视为是个性的自然表现，也可认为是培养的结果。A recent investigation by scientists shows that strange animal behaviour might help predict earthquakes. 最近科学家们的调查表明，动物的反常行为可能有助于预测地震。
conduct指“行为，表现，进行，管理”，这种行为含有较深的道德责任的意味，因而指品行，而behavior则可用于指动物乃至物质的行为、活动。The prisoner was released early because of good conduct.这名罪犯因表现良好而被提前释放。
manner指“举止，态度，方式，风格，礼貌”，指做某事及某事发生的方式、途径，待人接物的举止或态度。多用单数，复数往往表示“礼貌”。He has a very rode manner which keeps himself away from other people. 他举止粗鲁，这使得人们不愿和他接近。
community n. ①社区，社会He belongs to the Chinese community in Ottawa. 他是渥太华华人社区的一分子。②团体，界She joined the community of retired persons in 2001. 她于2001年加入了这个退休人员社团。③(动植物的群落animal community动物群落/aquatic community水生群落
【记忆】muni(词根)服务→community社区
频率为8次的单词
range n. ①一系列 These experts were questioned on a range of subjects from politics to economics.这些专家被询问了从政治学到经济学的一系列问题。2幅度，范围(同义：scope, extent，limit，length)Several cars are available within this price range. 在这个价格幅度内有几种车型可供选择。③射程，距离What is the range of your gun?你的枪射程有多远?④(山)脉The Himalaya ranges are very magnificent. 喜玛拉雅山脉巍巍壮观。⑤靶场，射击场a rifle range步枪靶场
vi. ①(在某范围内)变动，变化Attending the conference were 500 people，ages ranging from 18 t0 70. 有500人参加大会，年龄从18岁到70岁不等。② (over)论及，涉及The lecture ranged over much of both eastern and western cultures.讲座涉及了大量东西方文化的内容。③漫游；来回行动；四处搜索His thoughts range over past, present and future.他想着过去、现在和将来，思绪联翩。
vt. 使排列成行range the chairs in front of the desk把几张椅子一溜排开在书桌前
【真题】The price of beer_______ from 50 cents to 4 dollars per liter during the summer season.
A) altered B) ranged
C) separated D) differed
选B夏季每升啤酒的价格从50美分到4美元不等。四个选项的意思分别为：A)“更改，改变”；B)“在…范围内变化，分布”；C)“分开，隔离”；D)“有区别，发生分歧”。
词汇辨析
range, extent, field, scope
range既可指人感觉能力等所达到的范围，也可指物可供选择的范围。The company puts out a large range of products. 这家公司供应的产品范围很广。extent着重指某物朝一个方向延伸的范围或长度，但常用于引申意义，指广度或研究、知识等的范围。The extent of a judge's power is limited by law. 法官的权限受法律约束。
field指学术领域活动和作用的范围等，强调选择和必要的限制。He is known in the field as a fine mathematician. 他在数学界被认为是位优秀的数学家。scope着重指在理解、思考、调查、活动或应用等方面所能达到的范围。This subject is not within the scope of our investigation. 这论题不属于我们调查的范围。
maintain vt. ①维持，保持(同义：remain, keep, hold. preserve；反义：abandon)Only on unusual occasions do the police carry small arms to maintain public order. 只有在非常情况下，警察才会携带小型武器维持公共秩序。②维修，保养The railway is maintained with public funds. 这条铁路靠公款养护。③坚持，主张Each driver maintains that the accident was the others fault. 两个司机都坚持认为事故是对方的责任。④赡养；负担This poor old woman had to maintain the high lifestyle of her son until he started a job. 这位不幸的老妇人不得不在她儿子找到工作之前一直供养他。
action n. ①行动，行动过程The time has come for action. 行动的时间到了。②已做的事，行为Actions are more important than words. 行动胜于言语。③用the action of light on photographic film光线对感光片的作用④情节The action took place in a village. 故事发生在一个乡村。
【词组】out of action不(再)起作用，不(再)运转The bridge is out of action after the USA bombing. 美军轰炸之后，桥梁已毁坏。
obvious adj. 显然的，明显的There are obvious disadvantages in this proposal. 这项提案有明显的不足之处。
【难句】At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.与此同时，美国法律研究所——由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重——发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。
primarily adv. 主要地，首先He was many things, but he was primarily a general.他一身兼有多种身份，但主要先是位将军。
appeal n. ①呼吁，恳求A TV appeal she made to ask for money for AIDS research raised $2,000，000. 在电视里她为艾滋病研究所做的呼吁筹集到了两百万美元。②感染力，吸引力 Films of that sort have lost their appeal for me.那类影片对我已经失去吸引力了。③申诉，上诉The appeal to the Supreme Court was turned down. 向最高法院的申诉被驳回了。
vi. ①呼吁，恳求We are appealing for money to build a teacher's club. 我们在呼吁集资建立一个教师俱乐部。②有吸引力，有感染力I have never managed to make housekeeping appeal to my daughter. 我从未能使我女儿对家务活产生兴趣。③上诉，申诉I will appeal against being found guilty. 若被判有罪，我将上诉。④(to)诉诸，诉请裁决(或证实等)We have to appeal to the law. 我们不得不诉诸法律。
vt. 将…上诉，将…移交上级法院审理appeal a case为某案提出上诉
【记忆】peal(词根)驱动→appeal呼吁；吸引力；上诉
detail n. ①细节，详情He knew the last detail of her romance. 他知道她浪漫史的每一个细节。②枝节，琐事She does not enjoy the details of housekeeping. 她不喜欢琐碎的家务。
vt. 详述，详细说明In a special report the magazine details the fighting. 那份杂志在一篇特约报道中详述了战斗情况。
【词组】go into detail(s)详细叙述，逐一说明He went into great details about his new house. 他极其详细地描述了他的新房子。|| in detail详细地work out a plan in great detail极其具体地制定计划
decade n. 十年，十年期Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年物价稳定上涨。
pollution n. 污染，污染物Pollution in the air reduced the visibility near the airport. 空气中的污染物降低了机场附近的能见度。/noise pollution噪音污染/nuclear pollution核污染/aerial pollution空气污染/aquatic pollution水污染/indoor air pollution室内空气污染
advantage n. ①优点，有利条件，有利因素(同义：upper hand；反义：disadvantage, handicap) Sitting President hold built-in advantages when seeking another term. 现任总统在谋求连任时拥有内在的有利条件。②利益，好处(同义：gain，benefit；反义：disadvantage) The advantages of the proposal outweigh the disadvantages. 这项建议利大于弊。
【词组】take advantage of利用，占…的便宜We had better take advantage of the warmer weather by going for a walk this afternoon. 我们最好趁着天气比较暖和，今天下午出去散散步。|| to advantage有利地，使优点突出地lay out one's money to advantage把钱花在刀刃上
【难句】Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. 敏锐的国外观察者们把关国的适应性和创新性与这种教育优势联系在一起。
【辨析】参见profit(P58)
culture n. ①文化，文明religious culture in the Middle Ages中世纪时期的宗教文化2教养，教育a man of little culture没有教养的人 ③培养，培植the culture of grapes葡萄栽培④培养菌aseptic culture无菌培养
auto 见automobile(P41)
autobiography n. 自传Lee Iaccoco's autobiography was acknowledged to be number one on the bestseller list of 1985. 李·雅科卡的自传被公认为是1985年第一畅销书。
【记忆】auto-(前缀)表示“自己”→autobiography自传
leader n. 领袖，领导者a loss leader失势的领袖
accordingly adv. ①照着，相应地The regulations have been established. Please act accordingly.规则已建立，请照此执行。②因此，所以，于是He was asked to leave me city and accordingly he went. 有人叫他离开该市，所以他就走了。
【难句】At the same time these computers record which hours are the busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.同时，这些计算机记录下哪些时段是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排，而且它们也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
plastic n. ①[常pl. ]塑料，塑料制品Plastics tend to be resistant to acids. 塑料往往耐酸。②信用卡plastic money信用卡
adj. 塑料(制)的，可塑的Clay and wax are plastic substances. 黏土和蜡是可塑性物质。
approve vi. (of)赞成，同意I don't approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。
vt. ①赞成，称许I couldn't approve his conduct. 我不能赞同他的所作所为。②批准，核准，对…表示认可The senate approved the bill. 参议院通过了这一法案。
performance n. ①演出，表演Here are two tickets for the afternoon performance. 这里有两张下午表演的入场券。②履行，执行He is faithful in the performance of his duties. 他忠于职守。③工作情况，表现，(机器等)工作性能Her performance in the exams was rather disappointing. 她在考试中的表现令人十分失望。
【难句】Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. 不断的练习会对记忆产生如下的效果：比如能够练就富于技巧的钢琴演奏，能够背诵诗歌，甚至能够阅读并看懂这些文字。
recognize vt. ①认出，识别(同义：acknowledge. distinguish) He recognized me although he hadn't seen me for 10 years. 虽然他有十年没见过我了，但他还是认出了我。②承认，确认，认可The people recognized the new government. 人民承认了这个新政府。③赏识，表彰，报偿His merit should be recognized. 他的功绩应受到表彰。
【记忆】cognis(词根)知道→recognize认出，承认
【辨析】参见identify(P60)
factor n. 因素，要素Endurance is an important factor of success in sports. 耐力是在运动中取得胜利的重要因素。
enormous adj. 巨大的，极大的，庞大的The Nazis committed enormous crimes against all humanity.纳粹对世界人民犯下了滔天罪行。
词汇辨析
enormous, gigantic, immense, tremendous
enormous表示“巨大的，大量的”，指大小或程度超过惯常的范围或标准，有极度、异常、超出比例或过分巨大的意思。The princes of the Renaissance lavished upon private luxury and displayed enormous amounts of money. 文艺复兴时期的王公贵族们奢侈浪费，喜好炫耀他们的巨额财富。
gigantic表示“巨人般的，巨大的”，多用它的比喻、引申意义。The new gigantic building located in the centre of the city looks magnificent.坐落在市中心的新建的巨大楼宇看上去富丽堂皇。
immense表示“极大的，广大的”，指大小远远超出一般标准或习惯概念，非一般衡量单位或标准所能测量的，如海洋或天空等，也指抽象事物。Once progress has been made, the gains are likely to be immense. 一旦有了进展，收获就可能非常大。
tremendous表示“巨大的，非常的”，指规模、体积、程度大得惊人，不同寻常，另外还含有“第一流的”之意。The problem is how to harness the tremendous power which the earth receives from the sun every day.问题是如何利用地球每天从太阳接受到的巨大能量。
avoid vt. 避免，预防，避开He avoided answering my questions. 他对我的问题避而不答。
【用法】avoid表示“避免”时，后面接动名词或动名词短语作宾语，不能接不定式。You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street. 你必须设法避免在那条街上遇见他。
【真题】Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to _______ storming into the boss's office.
A) prevent B) prohibit
C) turn D) avoid
选D特耐恩很生气，但他头脑足够冷静，避免了冲进老板的办公室发脾气。选项中四个动词只有D)可直接接动名词。
shift v. ①移动，转移Will you help me to shift the furniture around please?请你帮忙移动家具，好吗?/Don't try to shift the blame onto me !别想把责任推到我身上!/When the wind shifted from south to north it began to get cold.当风向由南风变成北风时，天气开始变冷。②改变，转变When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer in this building will force it to shift in the opposite direction. 当地面摇动、建筑物前倾时，建筑物内设置的计算机会迫使其向相反方向转变。
n. ①转换，转变the shift of leadership/power领导层/权力的更迭/a shift in attitude态度上的转变/Experts have noticed the gradual shift of workers away from manufacturing and towards the service industries.专家们注意到制造业的工人正逐渐转到服务行业。②(轮或换)班the early/morning shift 早班/They waited for the day shift to appear.他们等待日班工人的到来。/I'm on the day shift this week. 我这星期上白班。
source n. ①源(泉)，发源地Do you know where the Rhine takes its source?你知道莱茵河发源于何处吗?②来源，出处 It's desirable to have the light source accurately located. 最好找到光源的准确位置。
fulfill vt. ①履行，实现，完成(同义：perform，do, execute，finish，complete) fulfill a contract履行合同/fulfill a promise实现诺言/have one's request fulfilled实现某人的要求/fulfill one's responsibility尽职/fulfill the doctor's instructions遵医嘱/fulfill a work programme完成工作计划②满足，使满意(同义：satisfy) fulfill one's needs/expectations满足某人的需要/期望
moral adj. 道德(上)的，有道德的The parents feel responsible for their daughter's moral welfare.父母感到应对他们女儿道德上的健康成长负责。
n. ①[pl. ]道德，品行，道德规范He has no morals and will do anything for money. 他毫无道德。为了弄钱什么事都干得出来。②寓意The moral of the story is that "Solidarity is strength". 这个故事的寓意是“团结就是力量”。
【记忆】mot(词根)风俗，习惯→moral道德
rank n. ①军衔，职衔the rank of general将军衔②地位，社会阶层people of all ranks各阶层人民③[the～s](政党、组织等的)普通成员My brother joined the ranks one year ago. 哥哥参军一年了。④排，行列Let’s take the taxi at the head of the rank. 我们乘坐排在前头的那辆出租车吧。
vt. 把…分等，给…评定等级I rank his achievement very highly. 我对他的成就评价很高。
vi. 列入，(在序列中)占特定等级She ranked first in the class. 她在班上排名第一。
【词组】the rank and file普通士兵，普通成员I'm only the rank and file of the party. 我只不过是普通党员。
replace vt. ①代替，取代(同义：substitute) While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television will replace the newspaper completely.虽然人们可以从电视了解最新消息，但电视不大可能完全取代报纸。②归还，赔还I’ll replace the cup I have broken with a new one. 我愿用一只新的杯子赔我打碎的那只。③放回原处Jeff decided not to buy the magazine，and replaced it in the rack. 杰夫决定不买那本杂志了，于是就把它放回了架子。
complex adj. ①由许多部分组成的，复合的a complex sentence复合句
n. ①综合体，集合体The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities. 新建的综合体育馆能为多种活动提供所需要的设施。②情结，夸大的情绪反应a complex about bugs对小虫的病态恐惧
【记忆】ple(词根)重，倍→complex复杂的，复合的
【难句】As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.就如同在任何一个发达社会里一样，在美国，所有社会的相互关系下面都隐含着一系列复杂的文化信号、猜想和传统观念。
词汇辨析
complex, complicated, sophisticated
complex表示“复杂的”，指由相互联系且相互作用的部分组成，要想解决、处理这样的问题，必须有一定的专业知识或经过专门研究。The economic situation is so complex, so intricate in the interdependence of delicately balanced factors. 经济形势与这些微妙的制衡因素之间的相互依存关系是这样地错综复杂。
complicated表示“复杂的，难懂的，难弄的”，形容非常复杂，因此很难理解、解决、解释的问题或事物，语气比complex更强。Only those who have had much practice can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. 只有那些经过大量训练的人，才能够成功完成这一连串复杂的事情。
sophisticated表示“复杂的，不易懂的”，指机械、设备、武器装备等的结构复杂或技术高、精、尖。另外，也指人的“世故老练”，或心灵活动的“复杂高深”。She studied many books about fashion and correct social behaviour as she wanted to appear sophisticated.她研究了许多关于时装和正确的社交行为的书，因为她想显得老练些。
练习
1. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _______ .
A) where I'd like to visit B) in which I'd like to visit
C) I most want to visit D) that I want to visit it most
2. _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.
A) Dislike B) Unlike
C) Alike D) Liking
3. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _______both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.
A) being B) been
C) to be D) having been
4. _______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can have dinner together tonight.
A) For B) Since
C) Before D) While
5. Tony is very disappointed _______ the results of the exam.
A) with B) for
C) toward D) on
6. William Perm, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A) peculiarly B) indifferently
C) vigorously D) inevitably
7. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _______suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.
A) while B) since
C) after D) as
8. When people become unemployed, it is _______ which is often worse than lack of wages.
A) laziness B) poverty
C) idleness D) inability
答案
1. C 我从未到过北京，但那是我最想去的地方。
visit是及物动词，先行词place为其宾语，而A)、B)两项引导的是状语从句，即place需在句中作状语，与前面的分析矛盾，故A)、B)错误。D)项中that和it重复了。C)项中的关系代词在从句中作宾语，故可省略。
2. B 与他姐姐不同，杰克很文静，不轻易交朋友。
从词义上看B)符合句意。dislike vt. /n. “不喜欢，厌恶”；unlike prep. /adj. “不像(的)，和…不同(的)”；alike adj./adv. “相似的(地)，相像的(地)”；liking n. “爱好”。从语法上看，后半句为完整句子，且两句间没有连接词，故填空处只能填入动名词、动词不定式或介词。unlike为选项中唯一的介词，所以为正确选项。
3. A 该农作物与先前的那种很相似，都适应同一种土壤并具有抗风的特性。
根据句子结构，空格后通常用两种结构：to do sth. 或doing sth. ，前一种表示目的，后一种表示补充说明、伴随等。本题属于后一种，故A)正确。
4. B 既然你明天才走，那今晚我们可以一起吃顿饭。for作连词表原因，一般不出现在句首。before“在…之前”和while“在…的时候”，不符合本题逻辑。而since可表示“既然”之意，故B)正确。
5. A 托尼对考试成绩非常失望。
be disappointed with sth. 为固定搭配，表示“对…感到失望”。
6. C 宾夕法尼亚州的开创者威廉·佩恩积极捍卫每个公民宗教信仰自由的权利。
peculiarly“特有地，特别地”；indifferently“漠然地，漠不关心地”；vigorously“精力充沛地，有活力地”；inevitably“不可避免地，必然地”。
7. D 我希望所有预防空气污染的措施——如同当地政府建议的那样——都能予以郑重考虑。
本题测试as引导的非限制性定语从句，as常指代句子或句子的一部分。
8. C 当人们失业时，比拿不到工资更糟糕的是那种空虚无聊的感觉。
laziness“懒惰，无精打采”；poverty“贫穷”；idleness “虚无，空虚，无聊”；inability“无力，无能”。
第3天
频率为7次的单词
injure vt. 伤害，损害，损伤There were two people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。/She was injured badly in an accident during the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。
outcome n. 结果(同义：result, effect) Everyone is eager to know the outcome of the election. 人人都很想知道选举结果。
insurance n. 保险，保险费He has $50，000fire insurance on his house. 他给自己的房子买了5万美元的火灾险。/The holiday cost fifty pounds plus insurance and airport taxes. 这次度假的费用是50镑，另加保险费和机场税。/I bought a few extra for insurance. 保险起见，我多买了几个。
impression n. ①印象，感觉She gave me the impression of an innocent woman. 她给我的印象是单纯。②印记，压痕the impression of a foot in the mud泥地里的一只脚印
household n. 家庭，户In future，there will be more single-person households than any other kind.未来，单亲家庭将会多于任何其他类型的家庭。
adj. ①家庭的，家用的，普通的household affairs家务事/household appliances家用电器2家喻户晓的a household talk show hostess家喻户晓的脱口秀主持人
claim vt. ①声称，断言He claimed he had won the race. 他声称他赢得了比赛。/a candidate claiming many supporters宣称有许多支持者的候选人②对…提出要求，索取claim a reward索求回报③(灾难等)使失踪或死亡，夺走生命a hurricane that claimed two lives夺走了两条生命的一场飓风④需要，值得problems that claim her attention 值得她留意的问题
n. ①要求，认领，索赔have a strong legal claim to the property对财产强烈的合法要求②声称，断言make no claim to be a cure不能断言为有效对策
【词组】lay claim to声称对…有权利
词汇辨析
claim, demand, request, require
claim表示“要求(得到)，请求(给予)”，根据法律、产权或其他理由，强调有权利或宣称有权利得到所要求的东西。Every citizen in a democratic country may claim the protection of the law. 民主国家的每个公民都可要求法律的保护。
demand表示“要求，需要”，强调因某人有权限、权利或需要而坚持要求获得某种东西或做某种事情。He demanded to be told everything. 他要求被告知所发生的一切。
request表示“要求得到，需要得到，索要”，正式用语。比ask正式一些，比demand客气一些。The public are requested not to leave litter in these woods. 请大家不要在这些树林里乱扔东西。
require指根据权利要求所需要的东西。语气比demand 弱。What material do you require to complete the job?你还需要什么资料才能完成这项工作?
personality n. ①人格，个性That boy may be smart，but he has no personality. 那男孩也许很聪明，但没有个性。②人物，名人She is a personality in the news. 她是个新闻人物。
personnel n. ①[总称]人员，员工(同义：staff)Networked stores can also reduce their personnel and inventory costs. 网络零售店同样可以降低人员成本和库存成本。/There were five airline personnel on the plane that crashed. 失事的飞机上有五位工作人员。②人事部门She is the head of personnel for the harbour authority.她是港务局的人事处长。/personnel department人事部，人事处，人事科
employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员There are 100 employees in his firm. 他的公司有一百名雇员。
【记忆】-ee(后缀)表示“人”，有被动的意思→employee 雇员
reserve vt. ①保留，留存(同义：keep，store)I reserve the right to disagree. 我保留持不同意见的权利。 ②预订The travel agency has reserved a room for you at the hotel.旅行社已在旅馆为你预订了一间房。
n. ①储备(物)reserve of food食物储备②保留，(言语、行动的)拘谨，矜持reserve of manner态度冷淡③替补队员，后备部队the first reserve【军】预备役④自然保护区a nature reserve自然保护区
【真题】We'd like to _______ a table for five for dinner this evening.
A) preserve B) sustain
C ) retain D) reserve
选D我们想预订一张今晚五人用的餐桌。从句子的意思可以看出这里应选一个有“预订”意义的单词。这四个选项的意思分别是：A)“保护，维持；保存，保藏”；B)“支撑，维持”；C)“保留；保持”；D)“储备；预订，预约”。
approach v. 靠近，接近(同义：reach, come near;反义：separate, part)John is approaching manhood. 约翰行将成年。
n. ①靠近，接近，临近Our approach drove away the birds.我们一走近，鸟儿都飞走了。②途径This book provides a good approach to electronics. 这是一本很好的电子学入门书。③方式，方法How can teachers fine-tame their classroom approaches?教师是如何很好地调整他们的教学方法的?
【记忆】ap-(前缀)表示“运动方向”→approach接近
capacity n. ①容量，容积The seating capacity of this theatre is 1，000. 该剧场有一千个座位。②才能，能力This book is beyond the capacity of the young readers. 这本书非少年读者所能理解。③身份，职位He served the government in several capacities. 他曾担任政府中的几个职位。
【真题】Mobile telecommunications_______ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies.
A) capacity B) potential
C) possession D) impact
选A由于这两个公司签订了合同，上海今年的移动电信容量预计会翻一番。四个名词的意思分别是：A)“能力；容量”；B)“潜力，潜能”；C)“拥有，所有”；D)“影响，效果”。
generally adv. ①一般地，通常Generally speaking，he is a good guy. 大致上说，他是个好人。②普遍地，广泛地This song is generally popular. 这首歌广受欢迎。
automobile n. 汽车death from automobile车祸死亡/gasoline automobile汽油汽车
【记忆】auto-(前缀)表示“自己；汽车”→automobile汽车
male adj. 男(性)的，雄的(反义：female) The hospital assigned a male nurse for him. 医院给他派了一位男护士。
n. 男子，雄性动物，雄性植物This is a male-dominated legislature. 这是一个由男子控制的立法机构。
regardless adj. 不顾后果地，不管怎样，无论如何He says what he minks，regardless of other people's feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。
【词组】regardless of不顾，不惜Regardless of danger，he climbed the tower. 他不顾危险攀登高塔。/I’m buying the book，regardless of the cost. 我打算买下那本书，不管什么价钱。
【真题】 _______ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.
A) Besides B) Regardless of
C) But for D) Despite
选C要不是他们组的协助，我们不可能在调查中取得成功。虚拟语气与介词短语题。句中是典型的虚拟语气，故C)为答案。A)“除…之外(还有)”；B)“不顾”；D)“尽管”。
contact n. ①接触，联系，交往Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange. 各国人民之间的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。②熟人；社会关系 She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系。③(电路的)触点，接头The two wires were in contact. 这两根电线接通了。
vt. 与…取得联系，与…接触Contacting with realities indisposed him to any more idle speculations.接触实际使他不再沉浸于无益的空想。
