欢迎光临散文网 会员登陆 & 注册

抽丝剥茧,严谨分析(2022全国乙导数)

2022-10-04 16:07 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2022全国乙,21)已知函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201%2Bx%20%5Cright)%20%2Bax%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D.

(1)当a%3D1时,求曲线y%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在点%5Cleft(%200%2Cf%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright)%20处的切线方程;

(2)若f%5Cleft(%20x%5Cright)在区间%5Cleft(%20-1%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20各恰有一个零点,求a的取值范围.

解:(1)当a%3D1时,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201%2Bx%20%5Cright)%20%2Bx%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D

f%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,故切点坐标为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7D

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%2B1%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%2Bx%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-%5Cleft(%20x%5E2-1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

故该点处的切线斜率为为f'%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B2%7D

切线方程为y-0%3D2%5Cleft(%20x-0%20%5Cright)%20

整理得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7By%3D2x%7D.

(2)1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cgeqslant%200%7D

在区间%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0无零点

在区间%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0无零点

不合题意.

2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3C0%7D,求导得

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%09f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%2Ba%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft%5B%201%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%2Bx%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright%5D%5C%5C%09%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-a%5Cleft(%20x%5E2-1%20%5Cright)%7D%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex%7D%5C%5C%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-a%5Cleft(%20x%5E2-1%20%5Cright)%20

则在区间%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,易知%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Eg%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D1%2Ba

2.1.1%2Ba%5Cgeqslant0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-1%5Cleqslant%20a%3C0%7D

则在区间%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D0%7D无零点不合题意.

2.2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3C-1%7D

求导得g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-2ax

易知g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

g'%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2a%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0g'%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_1%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2a%7D%2C0%20%5Cright)%20,使得g'%5Cleft(%20x_1%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2Cx_1%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x_1%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D.

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg%5Cleft(%20x_1%20%5Cright)%20%3C%7Dg%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D1%2Ba%3C%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

又因g%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-%5Csqrt%7B1%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0g%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_2%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Csqrt%7B1%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D%7D%2Cx_1%20%5Cright)%20

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_3%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20

使得g%5Cleft(%20x_2%20%5Cright)%20%3Dg%5Cleft(%20x_3%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2Cx_2%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x_2%2Cx_3%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x_3%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

显然:

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x_2%20%5Cright)%20%3E%7Df%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x_3%20%5Cright)%20%3C%7Df%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

又因f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Ba%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D-1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D%7D-1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_4%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Ba%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D-1%2Cx_2%20%5Cright)%20

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_5%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20x_3%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D%7D-1%20%5Cright)%20

使得f%5Cleft(%20x_4%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20x_5%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.

如图(横屏观看

综上所述:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C-1%20%5Cright)%20%7D.

抽丝剥茧,严谨分析(2022全国乙导数)的评论 (共 条)

分享到微博请遵守国家法律