TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S01E14：城邦的衰落与亚历山大的崛起）
2021-11-22 23:14 作者:HydratailNoctua | 我要投稿
04:55
Thebans, Thebes, second Athenian Empire
Macedon, Macedonian
the etymology of "barbarian" and "babbler"
Philip II of Macedon 382-336 B.C.; father of Alexander
08:53
Polis was supplanted by leagues, alliances, associations and empires. It has failed as an effective agent of political organization.
11:25
Aristotle's Ideal State
- A state should be governed by a few; namely, oligarchy (oligos = few, archy = rule)
- The best citizens should rule: hoi aristoi = "the best"; aristocracy
13:36
Plato's Ideal State
- A state where kings would be philosophers and philosophers would be kings
- Those best in mind should be entrusted with rule
16:37
Isocrates 436-338 B.C.
- Panhellenism; "all-Greek"-ism, to unite all Greeks in a great crusade against Persians
Demosthenes 384-322 B.C.
- Raises his voice in defense of the autonomy, the independence, the validity of the polis.
- Delivered a series of four Philippic orations: orations against Philip. (to warn that the danger is from Macedon)
23:16
336 B.C.; Philip II killed in a palace intrigue
Alexander the Great, 356-323 B.C.; Hellenistic world
