黑格尔《逻辑学》读书笔记：存有论-第二章-量（Quantity）-综述

The difference between quantity and quality has been indicated. Quality is the first, immediate determinateness. Quantity is the determinateness that has become indifferent to being; a limit which is just as much no limit; being-for-itself which is absolutely identical with being-for-another: the repulsion of the many ones which is immediate non-repulsion, their continuity. 

质最初是直接的规定性，但是在量这里，这种直接的规定性被抛弃了。之前，为了解决他在和自在对立的恶无限问题，自在存在和为他存在最终作为自为存在而获得了一种同一性，可这种同一性终究是虚假的，因为它强行去拟制了一个抽象的“为我自己”。这个虚假的同一性迫使自为存在把那个对外部进行无限否定的活动视作自身，从一种恶无限运动到一种真无限，把自己统合入单一体中。而如今，这个单一体的规定性也被抛弃了，单一体除了带着那个“一”（作为规定性）回归直接性外，就没有带着其他任何东西。黑格尔在这里提到： Quantity is the determinateness that has become indifferent to being，就是在说，量现在已经是区别于质/自为存在所带有的那个使自身同一而又独立出去的某物（something）的规定性了。这样的改变使得它同“多”规定性之间的界限暧昧模糊，最终只保留下一个规定性的界限的框架，这就是为什么黑格尔在这里说量是a limit which is just as much no limit。所以，这些量的规定性都是一样的了，而由于这一点，一和多之间明晰的区别也消失了，多在此处自行分裂为了一。但是，在这里我们要注意一点：多在这里的分裂并不是因为我们预设了多是多个一的集合，而是因为多先前是作为单一体为了避免自己通过吸收成为单纯的虚空让自身消逝而分裂出的与自身的排斥所得的分割行为，由于单一体的那种不断进行否定的规定已遭到抛弃并融入一种直接性，随之而产生的多也只得保留下那个抛弃了规定性的相互外在的分割行为（那个界限的框架），并最终把自己分割为多个一。就这样，量扬弃了多与一的区分，并且获得了一种延续性/非排斥性（continuity）。

Because that which exists for itself is now so posited that it does not exclude its other but rather affirmatively continues in it, it is then otherness. 这里说得是在量中，自为存在者获得了一种直接性的规定性而不再把规定性视为通过否定他者而获得的（如在质那里）

Inasmuch as existence surfaces again on this continuity and its determinateness is at the same time no longer simple self-reference, no longer the immediate determinateness of the existent something, but is posited as repelling itself from itself, as referring to itself in the determinateness rather of an other existence (a being which exists for itself);定在在这里重新出现，是因为直接性依旧可以被把握成一种规定性。但在量中，定在的规定性不再属于一个单纯的自身关联，不再是通过否定之否定建立的内在关系了。它现在仅仅立足于直接性之上，进行互相排斥。

 And since they are at the same time indifferent limits, reflected into themselves and unconnnected, determinateness is as such outside itself, an absolute externality and a something just as external; such a limit, the indifference of the limit as limit and the indifference of the something to the limit, constitutes the quantitative determinateness of the something.在量中，一就呈现出这种独立的整体性，它无所谓什么自身的规定性，只保留下一个框架/界限出来，否定了质的那种规定性，换句话说，它实现了质的去差异化。

In the first place, we have to distinguish pure quantity from quantity as determinate, from quantum. First, pure quantity is real being-for-itself turned back into itself, with as yet no determinateness in it: a compact,infinite unity which continues itself into itself.            Second, this quantity proceeds to determinateness, and this is posited in it as a determinateness that at the same time is none, is only external.这里之所以说determinateness that at the same time is none是因为在量中这个统一体是没有规定性的，可它毕竟保留下了一个框架，一个外部的整体性，因而这种规定性只是一个外部的，空泛的规定性 Quantity becomes quantum. Quantum is indifferent determinateness, that is, one that transcends itself, negates itself; as this otherness of otherness, it lapses into infinite progress. Infinite quantum, however, is sublated indifferent determinateness: it is the restoration of quality.但它毕竟拥有着一个外部的规定性，所以这里出现了定量（Quantum）的雏形，可是，这个定量的规定性也就仅仅是一个外部的规定性，所以，这个规定性就用自己的状态证明了外在性作为规定性/作为质的虚假性，也就超越了自身。就此，由于先前那种规定性被抛弃了，而留存下的又只有难以被视为规定性的外部性，所以通过这种外部性而区分出的一个个无数独立的“一”，就作为异在的异在，落入一个无限的进展中去了。而这个无限的由无数的一组成的世界，复归了质，因而是质的重建（the restoration of quality）。

Third, quantum in qualitative form is quantitative ratio. Quantum transcends itself only in general; in the ratio, however, it transcends itself into its otherness, in such a way that this otherness in which it has its  determination is at the same time posited, is another quantum. With this we have quantum as turned back into itself and referring to itself as into its otherness.定量不可避免地和这个无限的进展这一全体进行对比，因为定量合乎逻辑地是这个进展的一个环节或部分。在进行这种对比时，便出现了比率（ratio）。借由这个比率，定量重新获得了新的规定性——它将这个无限的进展的整体视为异在，另一个定量。也就是说，比率是定量与另一个定量（这个进展本身所带来的规定性）之间的关系，是一个量与质的关系。

At the foundation of this relation there still lies the externality of quantum; it is indifferent quanta that relate themselves to each other, that is, they have the reference that mutually connects them in this being-outside-itself. The ratio is, therefore, only a formal unity of quality and quantity, and its dialectic is its transition into their absolute unity, in measure.但我们毕竟在前文已经重复过好几次“毕竟”了，这说明这个比例关系的辩证法依旧需要通过运动去克服它的缺陷（它缺乏一个具有内容的质，规定性，而只保留下一些框架），所以我们将过渡到尺度（measure）去。