虽悲剧但震撼 亦转发亦点赞 2023年华东师范大学MTI汉译英真题解析
2023年华东师范大学MTI
汉译英真题解析
虽悲剧但震撼
原文：
在我的印象中，钟先生是不大做风景画的，倘偶一为之，观者便会为他不凡的手笔1所倾倒2。钟先生爱自然，但更爱人间。虽然人世曾给了他一份受伤的心，他的画笔却总是饱含着强烈的情感直面人生的3。他要表现的4便是他深深爱着、同情着的那些个普普通通的人。与有些画中那些生活中的强者激昂与自信的形象相比，先生笔下的人物大都是平庸之辈，沉默、平和而自在，显得十分的谦和，十分的淡泊5。不论是《被遗忘的艺术家》、《妇女》，抑或是《余音袅袅》，其中的人物，一眼便令人感受到6他们大都具有经历过人生的磨难以后才有的那种平和宁静，感受到那寓于平和宁静中淡淡的、无声的忧伤，构不成严峻而激烈的悲剧冲突，但正是因了它的平淡冲和却是从最高的层次上完成了它的悲剧性，使他的作品具有了震撼人心的力量。
译注：
1手笔：手笔
(1)∶亲笔写或画的东西 (2) ∶文字或书画的造诣
原文可能指的是（1）或者（2），只要翻译出一种意思即可。
2 颠倒也，心折服也。南朝宋、刘义庆《世说新语·赏誉下》：「庾公曰：『卫风韵虽不及卿诸人，倾倒处亦不近。』；唐、杜甫〈奉赠射洪李四丈〉诗：「志士怀感伤，心胸已倾倒。」
3 他用画笔创作了饱含深情的作品，让人们看到了他直面人生。
直面人生说的是钟先生直面人生，饱含深情是说的是先生的作品饱含深情，也可以说是先生饱含深情，用画笔进行创作。
4 他要尽力表现的是……
5 此句众多形容词给人创造了一种强烈的图画感，比如祝福中对祥林嫂的描写改换后的分析：
效果判断题 1.简要分析下面句子变换后与原文有何不同。
原文：她一手提着竹篮，内中一个破碗，空的；一手拄着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂：她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。
变换：她一手提着竹篮，内中一个空的破碗；一手拄着一支比她更长的下端开了裂的竹竿：她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。
答： 变换之后，句子成为一般性的描写，仅说明祥林嫂现在已经是一个乞丐了。鲁迅先生的经典描写，意在强调祥林嫂的悲惨状况，与下面“纯乎”照应；同时体现先生的白描手法，富有韵致，让人印象深刻。
6 一眼便感受到说的是观众一眼便感受到……
Bleuciel1 蓝天英语 译文：
In my impression, Mr. Zhong does not do much landscape painting. If he does once in a while, the watchers1 will be completely convinced2 by his extraordinary3 brushwork4. Mr. Zhong loves nature, but he loves the human world more. Although the world has broken his heart, he even faces the life with emotions5 with his brushes6. What he tries to show is that he deeply loves and sympathizes with the ordinary people. Compared with the passionate and confident images of the strong people in life in some paintings, most of his characters7 are such silent, peaceful and comfortable mediocrity8 that they seem modest9 and indifferent10 a lot. From the first sight, characters in his works such as, "Forgotten Artist", "Women", or "Lingering Voice", are sensed that most of them have experienced hardships in life before getting peace and quietness of sort. It is also sensed that the subtle11 sadness can’t make severe12 and fierce13 tragic conflicts. However, it is the insipidness14 that sponsor15 to its tragedy at the highest level and a shocking power to his works.
译注：
1同义词辨析
Watcher, audience, observer, onlooker, spectator
watcher n. 观察者
〔辨析〕指因爱好或工作而观察某人、某事物的人。
〔例证〕More than ten thousand bird watchers visit annually.
每年有万余名观鸟者到访。
Where is the fire watcher?
火灾警戒员在哪里？
At that moment, the watchers became strangely quiet.
在那个时刻，那些观察家变得出奇地安静。
audience n. 〈英〉观众，听众
〔辨析〕指戏剧、电影等的观众或演讲、音乐（会）等的听众，为集合名词；作主语时，若强调整体则其谓语动词用单数形式，若强调多个成员则其谓语动词用复数形式。
〔例证〕The audience was enormous.
观众人很多。
The audience were greatly moved by his words.
听了他的话，观众们很感动。
The performance caused a roar of laughter in the audience.
表演引起了观众的哄堂大笑。
His lecture drew a large audience.
他的讲座吸引了一大批听众。
observer n. 观察者，观察员
〔辨析〕指对某些事件、局势、事物等进行长期或定期观察的人，这些人被视为相关方面的专家。
〔例证〕conomic/political observers
经济观察家/政治观察员
The observer should take full notes on the atmospheric conditions.
观测者应对大气状况作详细记录。
An acute observer usually sees the essence of things at first sight.
敏锐的观察家通常一眼即可看出事物的本质。
onlooker n. 旁观者，观看者
〔辨析〕指只在一旁静观事件发生或事态发展而不介入其中的人。
〔例证〕Onlookers gathered around the scene of the accident.
旁观者围聚在事故现场。
Her manner is that of an onlooker.
她采取的是一种旁观者的态度。
Some onlookers joined the marching demonstrators.
一些旁观的人加入了游行示威的队伍。
spectator n. 观众，观看者
〔辨析〕尤指体育赛事的观众，也指某些公共活动（如演出、游行等）的观看者。
〔例证〕About 10,000 spectators were watching the game.
约有1万名观众在观看比赛。
Thousands of spectators came to the city for the horse race.
数以千计的观众来到这座城市观看赛马。
The policeman asked the spectators to stand back.
警察要观看者退后。
2 convince: make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
3 extraordinary不平常的；不一般的；非凡的；卓越的
not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就
She was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。
They went to extraordinary lengths to explain their behaviour.
他们竭力为自己的行为辩解。
4 也可译作attainments
attainment: N-COUNT 成就；造诣；才能
An attainment is a skill you have learned or something you have achieved.
...their educational attainments.
他们的学业成就
5 emotion强烈的感情；激情；情感；情绪
a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person's character that consists of feelings
emotion已经包含了strong，翻译时不必译出strong
Passion, emotion, feeling, sensation
passion n. 激情；情欲；热爱
〔辨析〕指强烈的感情或对某事物的狂热爱好；也指两性间强烈的爱情或肉欲。
〔例证〕The professor spoke with considerable passion about the importance of philosophy.
教授激动地谈起哲学的重要性。
Recent food issues have aroused strong passions.
最近一些食品问题已激起人们强烈的情绪。
My friend has a passion for British literature.
我的朋友酷爱英国文学。
The poet expressed his burning passion for the girl he loved.
诗人表达了他对心仪的姑娘火一般的爱恋之情。
emotion n. 情感，情绪
〔辨析〕指强烈的情感或情绪，如爱、恨、恐惧 、愤怒等。
〔例证〕Retee listened with mixed emotions.
雷蒂听得百感交集。
He showed no emotion at the verdict.
他对这一裁定无动于衷。
She never hides her emotions in front of her friends.
在朋友面前，她从来不掩饰自己的情感。
feeling n. 感情，情感
〔辨析〕普通用词，指内心和感官的感受；也指相对思想观念而言的情感，作此义解时通常用复数。
〔例证〕I've got a feeling of hunger.
我感到饿了。
We can understand her feelings.
我们能理解她的心情。
He never cares about the feelings of others.
他从不顾及他人的感受。
Her feelings were seriously hurt.
她的感情受到了严重的伤害。
As an adult, you should learn to be considerate of other people's feelings.
作为一名成年人，你应该学会顾及他人的感情。
sensation n. 感觉，感受
〔辨析〕指由某一事件、经历或记忆引起的难以描述的感受；也指感官的感觉，尤指触觉。
〔例证〕It was a strange sensation - she felt they used to be close with each other.
这是一种奇怪的感觉——她觉得他们以前曾经很亲密。
Suddenly, he had a burning sensation in his left hand.
他左手突然有种灼热的感觉。
6也可以翻译为：
He was often seen to face the life through his works full of emotions.
7 character（书籍、戏剧或电影中的）人物，角色
a person or an animal in a book, play or film/movie
a major/minor character in the book 书中的主要 / 次要人物
cartoon characters 动画片中的角色
8 mediocrity [ˌmiːdiˈɒkrəti]
平庸之人；碌碌无为者
a person who is not very good at sth
a brilliant leader, surrounded by mediocrities
周围全是些庸才的杰出领导
9 modest谦虚的；谦逊的
not talking much about your own abilities or possessions
同义词辨析：humble, lowly, modest
humble adj. 谦恭的，卑微的
〔辨析〕指态度谦逊的，也指社会地位等低微的，含对人低声下气之意。
〔例证〕a humble apology 恭敬的道歉
eat humble pie 承认错误
He is very humble towards his superiors. 他对上司很谦恭。
He started his career as a humble clerk. 他从一个卑微的职员起家。
lowly adj. 卑微的，低下的
〔辨析〕指社会地位、职位等低下的，有时为幽默用法，可与 humble 换用。
〔例证〕The lowly are often most intelligent. 卑贱者往往最聪明。
He was not ashamed of his lowly/humble origins.
他并不以自己出身低微为耻。
modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的
〔辨析〕指行为、态度等不自大、不虚荣、不傲慢的。
〔例证〕He is very modest about his success. 他对自己的成就很谦虚。
She is modest and amiable to everyone. 她待人谦和。
10 indifferent 漠不关心；不感兴趣
having or showing no interest in sb/sth
同义词辨析：impersonal, aloof, apathetic, cold ,cool, indifferent
impersonal adj. 冷漠的
〔辨析〕指没有人情味、不友好的。
〔例证〕Most of the letters from her were impersonal and formal.
她的来信多数都是既没有人情味又模式化的。
All his colleagues knew him as an impersonal man.
他的同事们都知道他是一个冷漠的人。
aloof adj. 冷漠的，疏远的
〔辨析〕指主观上不愿意和别人多说话的，强调不合群，含不友好之意，通常作表语，常后接介词 from。
〔例证〕She is so aloof. 她很不合群。
He is a man who stays aloof from his neighbours. 他这个人一直和邻居很疏远。
She has few friends due to her aloof exterior. 她外表冷漠，因此几乎没什么朋友。
apathetic adj. 冷淡的，无动于衷的
〔辨析〕指对某事物或某种状况不感兴趣、不愿努力作出改变的。
〔例证〕He became apathetic after his failure. 他失败后变得很冷漠。
She feels too apathetic to even move. 她毫无兴趣，甚至连动都不想动。
cold adj. 冷漠的，冷淡的
〔辨析〕指没有同情心、幽默感等正常的情感且待人不友善的。
〔例证〕She is always cold to others. 她对人总是冷冰冰的。
His voice was so cold that she didn't have the guts to tell him the truth.
他的声音冷冰冰的，致使她不敢告诉他真相。
She was cold towards everyone at the party. 她在聚会上对每一个人都很冷淡。
cool adj. 冷漠的，冷淡的
〔辨析〕指不友好的，也可指没有兴趣或热情的。
〔例证〕a cool ruthless manner 冷漠无情的态度
The president received a cool welcome when he visited Japan.
总统访问日本时受到了冷遇。
indifferent adj. 不在乎的，不关心的
〔辨析〕指对某人或某事物漠不关心、毫无兴趣的，常后接介词 to。
〔例证〕Nobody knew why she was so indifferent to him.
没人明白她为什么对他这么冷淡。
She was absolutely indifferent to this topic.
她对这个话题完全没兴趣。
He is indifferent to the girls around him.
他对周围的女孩们毫不在意。
11 subtle不易察觉的；不明显的；微妙的
not very noticeable or obvious
同义词辨析回顶部
fine delicate subtle【词义：细微的，微妙的】
fine adj. 细微的
〔辨析〕指细节、变化、区别等十分微小，因而难以理解或觉察的，通常作定语。
〔例证〕She pursues perfection and pays attention to all the fine details.
她追求完美，关注一切细节。
Have you noticed that fine distinction?
你注意到那个细微的差别了吗？
delicate adj. 微妙的
〔辨析〕指局势、问题、讨论等需要谨慎对待的，以免引起问题或触怒某人。
〔例证〕You'd better give a second thought to the matter because this is a delicate problem.
这是一个微妙的问题，你最好再好好想一想。
This delicate situation requires you look before you leap.
这种微妙的局面需要你三思而后行。
subtle adj. 细微的，微妙的
〔辨析〕指气味、差别、行为等只有通过仔细观察才能注意或感受到的，常含褒义。
〔例证〕The subtle fragrance made him sleepy.
淡淡的香气使他昏昏欲睡。
Although from the same designer, there are subtle differences between the two styles.
尽管出自同一位设计师之手，这两种风格之间还是有细微差别的。
He was a little slow this morning and paid no attention to her subtle hint.
他今早反应有点儿慢，没注意到她微妙的暗示。
12 severe艰难的；艰巨的；难度很大的
extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability
The marathon is a severe test of stamina.
马拉松赛跑是对耐力的严峻考验。
同义词辨析
severe ,cold-hearted, hard, harsh【词义：严厉的】
severe adj. 严厉的
〔辨析〕形容人时指某人神态严肃的或待人处事要求严格、不讲情面的；形容事物时指法律、批评等异常严厉的，近乎苛刻。
〔例证〕The general had a severe manner.
那位将军态度严肃。
My teacher was equally severe on students who were late for class.
我的老师对所有迟到的学生都同样严厉。
The Prime Minister came under severe criticism for his handling of the crisis.
首相对这场危机的处理受到了强烈批评。
cold-hearted adj. 冷酷无情的，铁石心肠的
〔辨析〕指人的举动令人觉得毫无怜悯之心的。
〔例证〕He is a cold-hearted man.
他是一个冷酷无情的人。
I had no idea he could be so cold-hearted.
我没想到他会这么铁石心肠。
hard adj. 冷酷无情的，严厉刻薄的
〔辨析〕指对他人过分严厉的、苛刻的。
〔例证〕His father was a hard man.
他父亲是个不讲情面的人。
She is too hard on her assistant.
她对待自己的助手太苛刻了。
harsh adj. 严厉的，严酷的
〔辨析〕指对待他人或对他人的批评非常严厉的、苛刻的。
〔例证〕He suffered harsh criticism from his colleagues.
他受到了同事们的严厉批评。
He received a harsh punishment from his English teacher yesterday.
昨天英语老师严厉责罚了他。
The critics had nothing but harsh words for her new book.
批评家对她的新著只有苛刻的批评。
13 fierce 极度的;巨大的;强烈的
fierce conditions are very intense, great, or strong.
14 insipidness
lacking any distinctive or interesting taste property
15 sponsor
主办；举办；促成
to arrange for sth official to take place
本文为译者原创，只作交流参考，严禁商用。
