美国人对责备自己国家什么态度

像大多数国家的公民一样，美国人受到政府、学校和主流媒体的制约，接受爱国主义，团结在共同的国家认同周围。然而，一个特定群体抗议对美国批评的程度有很大差异，这取决于其地理位置、与“美国身份”的关系、政治立场和对媒体来源的接触，以及许多其他因素。

地理位置

总体而言，生活在偏远地区(如中西部和南部)的美国人接触全球网络和不同观点的机会较少。由于他们的世界观在很大程度上是由他们的直接社区和当地(可能是保守的)媒体塑造的，他们往往对自己的祖国有更积极的印象。一般来说，生活在联系更紧密的城市中心(如东海岸和西海岸)的美国人往往更容易接受对美国的批评.

与“美国认同”的关系

由于他们并不完全符合“美国人”的传统概念，那些在历史上(并将继续面临)遭受压迫的群体更容易接受批评美国社会内部的虚伪。事实上，边缘社区是美国国内最激烈的批评者之一。

政治立场与媒体来源

一般来说，被认为是保守派的美国人，并获得保守派媒体来源(如福克斯新闻Fox News)，更有可能拒绝对美国的批评。为了吸引他们的支持者基础，并干掉他们的政治对手，著名的保守派声音经常会毫不掩饰地展示爱国主义。相比之下，那些自认为是自由主义者并使用自由媒体(如CNN)的美国人往往更容易接受对美国的批评。由于自由派政治家依赖移民社区和边缘群体的支持，尽管他们的努力几乎总是局限于口头上，但他们会试图表现出对美国国内重大问题的一些敏感言论。

在保守派和自由派如何回应对美国的批评之间划出泾渭分明的界限是很诱人的。但归根结底，这只是摆姿态的问题。通过他们的教育和媒体，美国人被灌输了美国例外论，资本主义和民主的优越性几乎不受挑战。然而，盲目的爱国主义绝不是美国的专利;任何地方都需要更深刻的理解和更细致入微的观点。

KK.akida 原创，转载需联系授权，侵权行为将进行法律追究

作者：K 常春藤达特茅斯大学，美国华裔

修译: Gemini K

Like citizens in most countries, Americans are conditioned by their government, schools, and mainstream media to embrace patriotism and rally around a common national identity. However, the degree to which a particular group will protest criticisms of the U.S. varies dramatically depending on its geographical location, relation to “American identity,” and political affiliation and exposure to media sources, among many other factors.

Geographical Location

In general, Americans living in more rural, isolated regions (e.g. the midwest and south) have fewer opportunities to access global networks and alternative perspectives. Since their worldviews are shaped largely by their immediate communities and local (likely conservative) media, they’d tend to have a more positive impression of their home country. In general, Americans living in more interconnected urban centers (e.g. the east and west coasts) tend to be more open to criticisms of the U.S.

Relation to “American Identity”

Since they don’t fit neatly within the traditional conception of “American,” groups that have faced historical (and continue to face ongoing) oppression are more receptive to criticizing the hypocrisies within American society. In fact, marginalized communities are some of America’s fiercest critics from within the country itself.

Political Affiliation and Exposure to Media Sources

In general, Americans who identify as conservative and access conservative media sources (e.g. Fox News) are more likely to reject criticisms of the U.S. To appeal to their base of supporters and outflank their political opponents, prominent conservative voices will often engage in unabashed displays of patriotism. By contrast, Americans who identify as liberal and access liberal media outlets (e.g. CNN) tend to be marginally more receptive to criticisms of the U.S. Since liberal politicians rely on immigrant communities and marginalized groups for support, they’ll try to signal some sensitivity to major problems at home in America, though their efforts are almost always limited to paying lip service.