英中士兵白刃战部分记录及其它
本文选自《大英帝国剑士》、The Nemesis in China和The uncivilized races of men in all countries of the world第二卷。
《大英帝国剑士》：
George Thomas, Earl of Albemarle, regarding the exploit of a British boatswain “whose form combined the strength of a Hercules with the symmetry of an Antinous”: “He obtained his rating as a warrant officer for his conduct at the battle of Navarino [in 1827]. The ship in which he served had just run alongside a Turkish man-of-war. Holding his cutlass between his teeth, he swung himself onto the gangway of the enemy. Then, taking his weapon out of his mouth, he called out to the astonished Osmanlis, ‘Make a lane, you lubbers! I’m a-coming,’ and showed them the meaning of his words by hacking his way through them and cutting down their captain.” (Fifty Years of My Life, 1876.) Similarly, at Shanghai in 1854, “our boatswain, who was a very strong man, had cut a Chinaman almost down to the waist with his cutlass, which was really a fearful sight.” (Adml. Hon. Sir E. R. Fremantle, The Navy As I Have Known It, 1904.)
George Thomas，Albemarle伯爵，讲述了关于一位英国船夫的功绩，"他的身形结合了海格力斯的力量和安提努斯的对称性"。"他因在Navarino战役（1827年）中的表现而获得了准尉级别。他服役的那艘船刚与一艘土耳其战舰并排行驶。他便夹着他的弯刀，把自己甩到了敌人的舷梯上。然后，他把武器从嘴里拿出来，对惊讶的奥斯曼人喊道：‘让一让，你们这些笨蛋! 我来了！’并通过穿过人群砍倒了他们的船长向他们表明了他的话的含义" (《我的五十年》，1876年。)同样，1854年在上海，"我们的船夫是一个非常强壮的人，他用他的弯刀把一个中国人几乎砍穿了腰部，这真是一个可怕的场面。" (Adml. Hon. Sir E. R. Fremantle, The Navy As I Have Known It, 1904)。
“Captain Moorhead [of the 26th Foot] was engaged in single combat with a Tartar soldier [at the storming of Ningpo in 1841]; and his sword having stuck fast in the Tartar’s body, he was twice cut down.” (Maj. H. G. Hart, New Annual Army List, 1851.)
“Moorhead上尉（第26步兵团）与一名中国士兵（1841年突袭宁波时）进行了一次战斗；他的剑牢牢地扎在鞑靼人的身上，致他两次被砍倒。”（Maj. H. G. Hart, New Annual Army List, 1851.）
Maj. Gen. J. T. Harris regarding his encounters when he was a captain of the 15th Punjab Infantry during the China War in 1860: “While the men were re-forming line on the plain, I saw a group of eight Tartars who obviously meant to show fight. To these I rode, and was at once set upon by the lot. I soon saw that although all of these men were armed with matchlocks, only two of them had loaded weapons. My charger was an extremely handy animal; and by twisting him this way and that way, and directing my attention solely to the men with loaded matchlocks, I at length got a fair cut down upon the head of one of them; and almost in the same second, I pulled my left rein and ran the other loaded man through the chest. My syce [Indian stableman or groom], who, armed with a very sharp tulwar, came up at this moment, settled another man; and then the rest of them ran away. For days afterwards, my horse and I suffered from the bruises which we received from the empty matchlocks. “Immediately after this, I was aware of a troop of cavalry in single rank, and with their commanding officer, in a yellow satin jacket, in the centre. I was, of course, the only mounted man on our side; but I did not see that this was a reason for allowing these fellows to go off calmly at a walk. So, putting spurs to my horse, I rode for the left side of the yellow satin jacket; and going through the troop at a gallop, I gave the commanding officer a back-hander in the face as I passed. At the same time, I dropped my reins and pressed my revolver to the back of my left-hand man. One of the bullets, however, had slipped, and the chamber would not revolve; so he escaped. [A common mishap with the percussion revolver!] As soon as I had got through the troop, they naturally pursued me; but my horse was faster than any of theirs, and in a few minutes I found myself cantering ahead quite easily. Then, swinging around to the left, I rejoined my men.”
(“China Jim”, 1912.)
Harris少将（J. T. Harris）回忆他在1860年中国战争期间担任旁遮普省第15步兵团长时的遭遇。“当士兵们在平原上重新列队时，我看到一群由8个鞑靼人组成的队伍，他们显然是准备战斗。我骑着马去找他们，马上就被他们围住了。我很快看到，虽然这些人都有火绳枪，但只有两个人的武器上了膛。我的坐骑是非常灵活；我把它转来转去，并把注意力完全集中在那些带着火绳枪的人身上，我终于靠近，在其中一个人的头上砍了一刀；几乎就在同一时间，我拉起左缰绳，把另一个上了膛的人的胸膛击穿了。我的印度随从，拿着一把非常锋利的tulwar（注：印度单手弯刀），这时赶过来，解决了另一个人；然后他们其他人都跑了。之后的几天里，我和我的马都被空火绳枪上的瘀伤所折磨。紧接着，我意识到有一队骑兵排成单行，他们的指挥官身穿黄色缎子外套（注：有可能是个禁卫，有黄马甲），站在中央。当然，我是我们这边唯一的骑兵；但我不认为这是允许这些家伙平静地走下去的理由。于是，我把马刺套在马背上，骑到了黄缎子外套的左边；我飞快地穿过部队，在经过时用手背掌击了指挥官的脸。同时，我放下缰绳，把左轮手枪按在我左边的人的背上。然而，其中一颗子弹滑落了，枪膛无法转动，所以他逃过一劫。（冲击式左轮手枪的常见故障！）我一穿过队伍，他们自然就追赶过来；但我的马比他们的任何马都快，几分钟后，我发现自己很轻松地跑在了前面。然后，我转到左边，与我的人重新会合。”
(China Jim，1912年。)
“Captain Harris, with 200 of the 15th Punjabees, attacked a Tartar fort defended by a heavy gun and some small pieces, killed 60 of the enemy, of whom three fell to his own sword, and captured the fort.” (T. W. Bowlby, special correspondent of The Times, quoted in C. C. Bowlby’s Thomas William Bowlby, 1906.) Oddly enough, Harris never mentioned this exploit in his memoirs!
"Harris上尉带着旁遮普省第15步兵团的200人，袭击了一个由一门重炮和若干小炮防御的中国人堡垒，杀死了60名敌人，其中3人倒在自己的剑下，并最终夺取了堡垒。" (T. W. Bowlby，《泰晤士报》特约记者，引自C. C. Bowlby的Thomas William Bowlby，1906年)。奇怪的是，哈里斯在他的回忆录中从未提到过这一战绩!
The uncivilized races of men in all countries of the world(1897年书）第二卷：
I have seen the two-sword exercise performed, and can understand that, when opposed to any person not acquainted with the weapon, the Chinese swordsman would be irresistible. But in spite of the two swords, which fly about the wielder’s head like the sails of a mill, and the agility with which the Chinese fencer leaps about and presents first one side and then the other to his antagonist, I cannot but think that any ordinary fencer would be able to keep himself out of reach, and also to get in his point, in spite of the whirling blades of his adversary.
我见过双剑练习，认识到，当与任何不熟悉这种武器的人对抗时，中国剑客将是不可抗拒的。但是，尽管这两把剑像磨坊的帆一样在持剑者的头上飞来飞去，尽管中国剑客灵活地跳跃着，先是向他的对手展示一边，然后是另一边，但我不得不认为，任何普通的剑客都能保持自己在攻击距离外，也能在他的对手旋转的刀片中得点命中。
Two-handed swords are much used. One of these weapons in my collection is five feet six inches in length, and weighs rather more than four pounds and a quarter. The blade is three feet in length and two inches in width. The thickness of metal at the back is a quarter of an inch near the hilt, diminishing slightly toward the point. The whole of the blade has a very slight curve. The handle is a beautifully wrapped with narrow braid, so as to form an intricate pattern.
双手剑被广泛使用。我收藏的这些武器中，有一把长五英尺六英寸（167.64cm），重量超过四磅四分之一（1.93kg）。剑身长三英尺（91.44cm），宽两英寸（5.08cm)。靠近刀柄处的刀背金属厚度是四分之一英寸（0.635cm），向刀尖处略微渐薄。整个刀身有一个非常轻微的曲线。手柄采用精美的细绳包裹，形成错综复杂的图案。
There is another weapon, the blade of which exactly resembles that of the two-handed sword, but it is set at the end of a long handle some six or seven feet in length, so that, although it will inflict a fatal wound when it does strike an enemy, it is a most unmanageable implement, and must take so long for the bearer to recover himself, in case he misses his blow, that he would be quite at the mercy of an active antagonist.
还有一种武器，其剑身与双手剑的剑身相似，但它被安装在一个长柄的末端，长约六七英尺（182.88cm~213.36cm），因此，尽管它在击中敌人时能造成致命的伤害，但它是最难以驾驭的器械之一，而且携带者必须花很长时间来恢复姿态，如果他错过了他的打击，他将完全暴露于一个积极的对手进攻之下。
The nemesis of China:（背景一鸦战争）
（1）
They now observed that a very short distance in advance two Chinese officers of high rank, on horseback, were endeavouring to make their escape, surrounded by a numerous bodyguard, or retinue. The opportunity for trying to take an important prisoner was a tempting one; and Capt. Hall, little thinking how few of his own men were near him and carried away by the impulse of the moment, rushed headlong upon the Chinese soldiers in front of him, firing his pistols at the two principal officers.
Only two of his own men were near him at the moment; so that one of the inferior Chinese officers, seeing the disparity, rallied a few of his men, and suddenly faced about, with a view to cut them off. A personal encounter now took place with the Chinese officer, who was a remarkably fine young man, bearing the white button. The long sword, however, soon had the advantage over the Chinese short one, even putting aside personal prowess, and the mandarin fell, severely wounded in the arm. He was immediately disarmed, and his cap and button, together with his sword, were taken from him as trophies. Several other soldiers now came up, to endeavour to rescue their officer, who got up and tried to escape, but another wound in the leg soon brought him down again and made the other Chinamen halt. By this time, Capt. Hall and his two men were nearly surrounded and were compelled to fight their way back again towards their comrades who were coming up to their aid. One of the two seamen received a severe wound in the groin from the thrust of a spear, but the others got off without any injury. The young wounded mandarin was at last safely carried off by his comrades.
他们现在注意到，在前方不远处，有两名骑马的中国高级军官正在尝试逃跑，周围有许多护卫队或随从。这是一个诱人的机会，霍尔上尉没有想到他自己的手下只有几个人，他被当时的冲动冲昏了头脑，一头冲向他前面的中国士兵，用手枪向那两名主要官员开火。
这时，他的手下只有两个人在他身边；因此，一个低级的中国军官看到了这种差距后，召集了他的几个手下，立刻转向，想把他们截住。现在，我们与这位中国军官进行了一次近距离接触，他是一个外貌非常出色的年轻人，戴着白色的纽扣。然而，即使抛开个人能力，长剑很快就比中国的短剑更有优势，这位军官倒下了，手臂受了重伤。他立即被解除了武装，他的帽子和纽扣，连同他的剑，都被当作战利品拿走了。其他几名士兵现在冲上来，试图营救他们的军官。军官站起来并试图逃跑，但腿上的另一个伤口很快使他再次倒下，迫使其他中国人停了下来。这时，霍尔上尉和他的两个手下几乎被包围了，不得不向战友们的方向奋力突围，而战友们也正在赶来支援他们。两名海员中的一人被长矛刺中腹股沟，受了重伤，但其他人没有受到任何伤害就脱险了。受伤的中国年轻军官最后被他的战友们安全地撤出了。
(2)
The strength of the Chinese army was estimated at from seven to eight thousand men, part of which appeared to be a picked body , said to belong to the Emperor's guard ; they were fine, athletic, powerful men . It was also remarked that their arms were of a superior kind ; several improvements had been adopted ; and the bow and arrow , once the favourite weapon of the Tartar soldier, had been laid aside on this occasion. As usual, several personal encounters took place ; the Chinese not fearing to engage single -handed with their foe, or to measure their sword with that of our officers. In one of these combats, Mr. Hodgson, mate of the Cornwallis, was wounded, not far from the Admiral.
据估计，中国军队的兵力有七八千人，其中一部分似乎是挑选出来的，据说属于皇帝的卫队；他们是优秀又强壮。人们还注意到，他们的武器更加优越（注：应该是相较于绿营一般兵的武器）；采用了一些改进；弓箭，曾经是清朝士兵最喜欢的武器，在这个场合已经被搁置。像往常一样，发生了几场个人交锋；中国人不怕与他们的敌人单手交锋，也不怕用他们的剑来丈量我们的军官。在其中一次战斗中，康沃利斯号的大副霍奇森先生在离海军上将不远的地方受伤了。
（3）
Many anecdotes are told by those who were present , of the desperate determination with which the Tartars fought. Many of them rushed upon the bayonets. In some instances, they got within the soldiers' guard, and seizing them by the body, dragged their enemies with themselves over the walls; and in one or two instances succeeded in throwing them over, before they were themselves bayoneted . The Tartars were fine muscular men, and looked the more so from the loose dresses which they wore.
They did not shrink from sword combats, or personal encounters of any kind ; and, had they been armed with weapons similar to those of our own troops, even without much discipline, upon the top of walls where the front is narrow and the flanks cannot be turned, they would have probably maintained their ground for a much longer time, and perhaps even until they were attacked by another body in the rear.
在场的人讲述了许多轶事，说明了清人战斗时的绝望决心。他们中的许多人冲向刺刀。在某些情况下，他们进入士兵的护卫队，抓住他们的身体，把他们的敌人拖到城墙上；有一两次，在他们自己被刺刀刺中之前，成功地把他们扔了出去。清人都是肌肉发达的人，由于他们穿着宽松的衣服，看起来就更像了。
他们并不畏惧刀剑交锋或任何形式的个人冲突；而且，如果他们用类似于我们自己军队的武器装备，即使没有太多的纪律，在正面狭窄而侧面无法转弯的墙顶，他们可能会保持他们的阵地更长的时间，甚至可能直到他们被后面的另一支队伍攻击。
（4）
In one house no less than 14 dead bodies were discovered principally women; in others the men began to cut their own throats the moment they saw any of our soldiers approaching; while in other instances they rushed out furiously from some hiding-place, and attacked with the sword any one who came in their way. Several of our officers had to defend their lives with the sword, long after all systematic opposition had ceased. An officer of the 14th M.N.I had a combat with three Tartars who rushed out upon him sword in hand, and by retreating so as to endeavour to take them singly, he was able to cut down two of them just when a fatal blow was about to be aimed at him by the third, who was fortunately shot at the very critical moment by a soldier coming up to his officer’s assistance.
在一所房屋中发现不少于 14 具尸体，主要是女性； 在其他人中，当他们看到我们的任何士兵接近时，他们就开始割断自己的喉咙。 有的时候，他们从某个藏身之处狂暴地冲出来，用剑攻击任何挡路的人。 在成体系的反抗已经停止很久之后，我们的几名军官竟不得不用剑来保卫自己的生命。 第十四马德拉斯（印度钦奈）本地步兵队的一名军官与三名中国人交战，他们持剑冲上来，于是他后撤准备分而攻之。在其中一位的致命一击即将来临之际，他成功将另两人斩杀。幸运的是，那个中国士兵在非常关键的时刻被一名前来救援的士兵射杀。
其它一些中英士兵白刃战例子，这里提供一下黑溪伯劳大佬的文章链接：
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv1205467?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv1231792?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv1515410?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0
