红迪网友锐评圣状Sinthome

https://www.reddit.com/r/psychoanalysis/comments/re266y/how_do_you_understand_the_sinthome/

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原文: The Sinthome, from what I understand is the shift in the drive-powered identification identification of Object a, instead of the Desire-filled identification with the Ego-Ideal. You stop trying to "Be" and just kind of "Do." Because desires and ego identifications are based on a Lack, you're always hestitating to do or embrace what you really want because Desire is Desire for the Other, and since you're caught in the Big Other's net all you know is what others have allowed you to know. You may have an enjoyment of your own that the Other doesn't know, but because you're captured in language by the Other, you're not "Allowed" to enjoy it vis a vis drive so that drive becomes a desire of jouissance (Pleasure onto death, pleasure with a pentalty of pain). This is percieved by the subject as a Symptom- suffering prettymuch.

Sinthome is when you're able to let go of the Other, short-circuit their intervention as it were, and finally enjoy/identify with your Symptom. You're happy to live with it rather than exist in neurotic struggle with the Other that would deny your way of being or a private fulfilled existence. The thing that makes you estranged, rejected born broken now is the key to your existence, the thing that makes you whole. It's kinda "Reclaiming your scars" in a way. The golden swan and all that. You self-make yourself as what you actually are instead of suffering or trying to repress it.

The example Slavoj Zizek uses one time is Arthur Fleck's laugh in the Joker. People in the film reject him because of how he seems maladjusted and misplaced, and his laugh seems to serve no place in the symbolic order due to it being a medical condition. By the end of the film he embraces what others have catagorized him as and the horrific senseless laugh that blighted him before now exists as his signature trait, something he proudly possesses rather than disowns. Laughing randomly, and being the butt of the Joke goes from a senseless symptom to his own Sintome.

A sinthome in my opinion can be anything- Biking, porn, science, film, bird-watching, spirituality, martial arts, surfing, writing, tattoos, a particular hobby, choice or lifestyle. Someone building model-ships in a jar or solving crossword puzzles, or building sandcastles only for them to blow away in the tides everysingle noon has found peace with their Sinthome. The important thing to grasp is it's an activity driven by Drive (self-directed) rather than Desire (for the Other) - you do it because you enjoy it and nothing else. It confers no status, signifiers, or reward, or negative status even but you do it still because you enjoy it, and it makes you completely 'you'. It's meaningless, egoless, but gives you enough personal satsfication to continue doing it outside any symbolic mandates. In buddhism there's a sort of correlated understanding of this saintly concept.

渣翻：圣状，在我看来是从充满欲望的对自我理想的认同转移到由驱力驱动的对对象a的认同。你不再试图“成为”什么，而仅仅是去“做”你想做的事。由于欲望与自我认同是建基于匮乏之上的，你总是会犹豫着，不敢去做或接受你真正想要的事物，因为欲望是大他者的欲望，而且由于你被捕获在大他者的网络中，你所知道的都是他者让你知道的。你也许有着一种不为大他者所知的执爽，但由于你被大他者捕获在语言中，你“不被允许”直面驱力而享乐，因此那驱力变成了执爽的欲望（死亡之乐，痛中带乐）。这便会被主体视为一种症状，可以说就是受苦。

圣状即是你放手大他者，或者说让它们的干预发生短路，并终于得以享受/认同你的症状。你能快乐地与它共处，而不是深陷于与那否定你成为圆满存在的方式的大他者的神经症式斗争之中。那曾经让你无所适从、被人排斥、生而痛苦的东西如今是你存在的核心，让你得以完整。这有点类似于“找回你的伤疤”，金天鹅之类的（译注：金天鹅不知道是什么东西）。你把自己塑造成真正的自己，而不是压抑你的真实存在并因此而受苦。

斯拉维·纪杰克曾以电影里“小丑”的笑容为例。在电影里人们因他与世界格格不入、无所适从而排斥他，他那畸形的笑容更是在符号秩序里没有容身之地。然而在影片末尾，他接受了他人对他的评价，接受了那曾折磨他的可怖而无意义的笑声；如今它是小丑的招牌特质，让他感到骄傲而非耻辱。随意放声大笑，成为他人的笑柄就这样从无意义的症状成为了他的圣状。

圣状，在我看来，可以是很多东西——骑行、涩情、科学、电影、观鸟、灵性、武术、冲浪、写作、纹身，一种特定的爱好，选择或生活方式。那些喜欢在玻璃瓶里做船模的，做字谜的，或是每天中午在沙滩上堆沙堡的人可以说是找到了他们的圣状。重点在于它是某种被自我导向的驱力而非为大他者服务的欲望所驱动的活动——你之所以这么做是因为你享受这么做，而不是因为别的什么。它不会赋予你任何地位、能指、或是奖励，它甚至可能会带给你负面的状况，但你还是那么做了，因为你享受这么做，这么做让你得以成为“你”。它毫无意义，无关自我，但能给你足够的个人满足感来让你在任何象征性委任外继续这么做。在佛教中也有与这一圣徒般的概念有关的理解。