https://www.Tankarchives.ca/2015/10/world-of-Tanks-history-sections-Tank.html,作（译）者为Tank archives的Peter,2015/10/4,星期日

原文为坦克世界独联体区（俄服）的一篇历史介绍类文章，现为404状态，因而其真实作者已不可考

个人授权翻译

当然该文章讲编制的内容才是真精华，后面的大伙看个乐呵就行

封面图、头图和插图均为近卫第七重型坦克旅（即柏林熊）的历史照片，系中译者自己添加

World of Tanks History Sections: Tank Guards Strike Force 苏联近卫装甲打击部队

In the fall of 1942, Soviet high command created a new combat instrument for the Red Army: Guards Independent Heavy Tank Regiments. These units were to serve as a battering ram on the offensive or as the anchor for a defense. These regiments were composed of 21 Tanks and auxiliary units. In total, the regiment contained about 220 men. This structure remained almost unchanged for the remainder of the war.

1942年秋，苏联最高统帅部为红军创造了一种全新的编制：独立近卫重型坦克团。这些单位既可作为攻击的矛头，又可作为防御的锚点。其包含了21辆坦克以及其他辅助单位，约合220人。直到战争结束，该编制都几乎没有发生变化。

Composition of a heavy Tank regiment in 1944:

一个1944年的重型坦克团包括有如下单位：

· Commander's Tank团长座车

· Company HQ:连【译注：？】部：

o Political department政治部

o Technical department技术部

o Quartermaster department后勤部

o Operational department行动部

o Control platoon控制排

o Sapper platoon工兵排

o Maintenance platoon维修排

· Regimental medical team团医疗组

· 1st company (commander IS-2)1连（1辆IS-2指挥车）

o 1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2辆IS-2）

o 2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2辆IS-2）

· 2nd company (commander IS-2)2连（1辆IS-2指挥车）

o 1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2辆IS-2）

o 2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2辆IS-2）

· 3rd company (commander IS-2)3连（1辆IS-2指挥车）

o 1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2辆IS-2）

o 2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2辆IS-2）

· 4th company (commander IS-2)4连（1辆IS-2指挥车）

o 1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2辆IS-2）

o 2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2辆IS-2）

· SMG company (94 men)冲锋枪连（94人）

· Technical service company技术服务连

【译注：可以对比一下德佬的虎营，很多人都以为团就一定要比营要更强，实际上这只是一种刻板印象罢了】

In a little over two years, six types of Tanks served in these regiments.

在短短两年内，就有6种重型坦克曾服役于这些单位中。

Churchill丘吉尔

The British Churchill infantry Tank was delivered to the USSR through the Lend-Lease program. Due to a lack of other heavy Tanks, the first breakthrough regiments were equipped with these Tanks. Most units received Churchill III and Churchill IVs.

丘吉尔步兵坦克通过租借法案来到苏联。因为无车可用的原因，第一批突破坦克团都装备了该型坦克，主要是丘吉尔III和丘吉尔IV。

The Churchill was a well armoured, but clumsy Tank. Its 6-pounder (57 mm) gun was adequate at the time for fighting German Tanks, but was lacking against fortifications.

丘吉尔很硬，但也很慢。坦克的六磅炮打打德佬坦克还行，碰到工事就萎了。

Regiments armed with Churchills fought on all parts of the front until the end of the war. During the battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943, a successful ram of a Tiger Tank was performed by a Churchill.

装备丘吉尔坦克的部队在整条前线上浴血奋战到了胜利的那一天。在1943年的库尔斯克战役中，丘吉尔坦克成功地冲撞【译注：？】了一辆虎式坦克。

KV-1

A Soviet Tank, well protected and armed with a 76 mm gun. At the first stages of the war, it could destroy any German Tank, while being immune to most German guns.

这辆苏联坦克防护精良，配有一门76mm炮。在战争初期，它可以轻易社保任何一辆德佬坦克，并在大多数情况下都能全身而退。

The KV-1 was produced at the Kirov factory in Leningrad. After evacuation due to the blockade, production resumed in Chelyabinsk.

KV-1量产于列宁格勒的基洛夫工厂。后来其因封锁而被疏散至车里雅宾斯克，并继续量产工作。

In 1942, with the arrival of more powerful guns and Tiger Tanks, the KV-1 became obsolete. In addition, the Tank had serious problems with its transmission due to its large weight. Production was canceled in favour of the lighter and more reliable KV-1S. However, these Tanks fought until the end of the war.

到了1942年，随着威力更强的反坦克炮和虎式坦克的出现，KV-1变得落伍了。同时，该坦克的巨大重量压垮了其传动系统。在更轻快更可靠的KV-1S出现后，该车停止量产，并继续服役到了战争结束。

KV-1S

The letter S in the name of the Tank stands for "speedy". The vehicle entered production in 1942 as a modernized KV-1. Due to reduced armour thickness, the Tank's weight dropped to 42.5 tons, giving it good mobility.

该车名字中的S代表“快速”之意。其在1942年作为KV-1的改进型号被投入量产。该车凭借着更薄的装甲换来了更低的车重（42.5吨）和更高的机动性。

A new turret was designed for this Tank, housing a 76 mm gun. The Tank entered production in the summer of 1942, but did not last for very long. As with the KV-1, its gun was insufficient for fighting the new Tiger Tanks.

这辆坦克配有一个新炮塔，但装的还是76mm炮。其量产始于1942年夏，但在不久后即宣告停产。就如KV-1一般，该车贫弱的主炮无法对抗新的虎式坦克。

KV-1S production stopped in 1943, but these Tanks remained in the army until the end of the war.

KV-1S停产于1943年，但剩下的坦克服役到了战争结束。

KV-85

A serious drawback of the KV-1S was its 76 mm gun, which was no longer impressive in 1943. The KV-85 became an intermediate step between this Tank and the new IS. About 150 of these Tanks were produced in Chelyabinsk.

KV-1S最大的一个问题便是其到了1943年已经风光不再的76mm主炮，而KV-85便成了KV-1S坦克与IS坦克之间的过渡产品。在车里雅宾斯克厂大概生产了150辆该型坦克。

The vehicle had an altered KV-1S hull with a new turret and an 85 mm gun. The same gun was used on the upcoming IS Tank, but development was going slowly.

该车沿用了KV-1S的车体，但换装了一个装85mm炮的新炮塔。该炮的开发进展迟缓，并被继续用于IS坦克上。

IS-1

This Tank was designed at the Chelyabinsk Kirov factory under the supervision of Joseph Kotin. Its appearance was heralded by the arrival of Tiger and Panther Tanks, as a result of which Soviet Tank forces lost their edge over the Germans.

该型坦克在约瑟夫·科京的监督下于车里雅宾斯克基洛夫工厂完成设计。虎式坦克和豹式坦克的出现，以及苏联装甲部队在装备质量优势上的丧失，预示了这款坦克的出现。

The IS-1 was also called IS-85 after its gun caliber. The age of this Tank did not last long, as the development of a Tank with a 122 mm gun started almost at the same time as work on this Tank.

因为主炮口径的原因，IS-1又被称为IS-85。该型坦克没有存在过多久，因为另一种使用122mm火炮的坦克几乎是与其同时展开了设计。

About 130 IS-1 Tanks were produced at Chelyabinsk, then the Tank gave up its place on the assembly line for the better armed IS-2.

车里雅宾斯克厂一共生产了约130辆IS-1，然后他们就改产更强的IS-2去了。

IS-2

This heavy Tank was superior among all that were used by heavy Tank regiments. The IS-2 was armed with a powerful 122 mm gun, making it effective not only against enemy Tanks, but also fortifications.

该重型坦克要优于以上所有被重型坦克团使用过的坦克。IS-2配有一门威力强劲的122mm主炮，该炮不仅在对抗敌军坦克时表现优秀，还能锤爆敌方工事。

The combat debut of the IS-2 was during the spring of 1944. These Tanks fought across the entire front and, due to the nature of the breakthrough regiment, were always in the center of events.

IS-2的首秀是在1944年春季。这些坦克奋战于整条前线，并且由于其突破团的性质，总是会处于战斗的焦点位置。

Over 3500 IS-2 Tanks were built. After the end of WWII, the Tank was exported and was used for about 50 years by countries allied with the USSR.

IS-2坦克的总产量超过了3500辆。在二战后，该型坦克远渡重洋，去往各个苏联的盟国，并继续服役了约50年之久。