Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble

·单词

Hubble n.    哈勃

telescope n.    望远镜

launch v.    发射

space n.    空间

    ·outer space    外太空

    ·spaceship    宇宙飞船

    ·space station    太空站

    ·n.    空余的空间，空地

        ·At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space ...    目前，它们覆盖了每一寸的地面空间

NASA n. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)    国家航空和航天局

billion n.    10亿

    ·英文中三个零一个单位

    ·000, 000, 000, 000, 000

    ·trillion (万亿，兆)    billion (十亿)    million (百万)    thousand (千)    hundred (百)

    ·前面有具体的数字时，该数不加 s，没有的加 s

        ·five billion    billions of ...

faulty adj.    有错误的

    ·fault n.    错误，故障

astronaut n.    宇航员

shuttle n.    航天飞机；往返于两地的交通工具

Endeavour n.    “奋进” 号

robot-arm n.    机器手

grab v.    抓

atmosphere n.    大气层

distant adj.    遥远的

    ·distance n.    远处；疏远，隔阂

galaxy n.    星系

    ·Samsung Galaxy    韩国三星公司生产的智能手机系列

universe n.    宇宙

    ·universal adj.    普遍的，全体的，全世界的；通用的，万能的

eagle eye    鹰眼，鹰眼镜头：突起的镜头

·本课句型

将来完成时    will/shall have done    （强调将来的之前）

    ·1.by + 将来的时间，搭配将来完成时

    ·2.by the time + 一般现在时的句子（表示将来），搭配将来完成时

将来进行时    will/shall be doing    （强调将来确定要发生，持续进行，正在进行）

    ·I will be writing letters all day tomorrow.

    ·He will have arrived by this time tomorrow.

·课文

    The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour willgrab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth’s atmosphere so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble’s eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures. 

The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars.

    ·was launched into space by NASA    被NASA发射到外太空，被动语态

    ·at a cost of ...    以 ... 的代价：表示为了达到某种目的或结果而付出的代价

    ·on April 20，读的时候需要读成 on April the twentieth

Right from the start    从一开始：表示某事从最初就开始发生或存在

A robot- arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.

    ·and 连接词，hold 原本应该是 A robot- arm from the Endeavour will hold，给省略了，所以单看 hold 以为是动词原型，一般现在时，其实是一般将来时 will + 动词原型

    ·而 while 是时间状语从句，想用将来时要替换成一般现在时，所以 make 动词会是原型

thousands and thousands of    成千上万的：用于表示非常多的数量，通常用于强调数量之大

By the time you read this, ...

    ·1.By + 时间：表示“截止到 … 时间”，与完成时连用

    ·2.by the time + 句子：引导时间状语从句

    ·3.by the time you read this    时间状语从句，read 一般现在时表示将来

    ·by the time + 句子 （一般现在时） 表示 “截至到将来”，搭配将来完成时

        ·The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.    

            ·到会议结束时，会议将持续整整一个星期

        ·By the time he arrives in Beijing we will have stayed here for two days.

            ·到他到达北京时，我们将在这里待两天了

·知识拓展

将来完成进行时 vs. 将来完成时

将来完成时    will/shall have done    强调结果

    ·Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope.

        ·宇航员很快就会把望远镜修好（截止到将来的那个时刻已经完成）

将来完成进行时    will/shall have been doing    强调过程

    ·By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.

        ·到星期五中午，他们就在这个工程上干了7天了

练习

By next Sunday, they____(finish) all the preparation.

    ·强调结果，will have dinished

They____(prepare) for a month.

    ·强调过程，will have been preparing

不规则变化的动词：

原型    过去式    过去分词    动词ing

·grab    grabbed    grabbed    grabbing