如何成为一个高产博士生（摘抄一）

how to be a producitve doctoral student

1. In doctoral programs, students' progress is much more uncertain. Many students end up leaving doctoral programs, both voluntariby, if they change their mind about their chosen career, and involuntarily，if they do not pass their exams or cannot write acceptable dissertations!
博士项目中，学生的进展往往具有更大不确定性。很多学生会中途退出博士项目，或是因为改变职业选择而自愿退出，或是因为无法通过考试或难以完成毕业论文被强制清退。

2. In short, when a student enters a PhD program, there is much uncertainty about whether she will eventually receive her PhD and if she does receive it, how long the process will take.
简而言之，当一个学生进入博士生项目时，对于他or她是否能够取得博士学位以及需要多长时间都是高度不确定的。

3. In contrast, in a PhD program the goal is to teach students how to do research. The main graduation requirement is a dissertation, which is an original piece of research that meaningfully moves the frontier of our knowledge.
正相反，博士教育的目的是教会学生如何做研究。最主要的毕业要求提交一份具有原创性，能够拓展已有知识边界的毕业论文。

4. it is difficult for faculty or even a student herself to know whether she will be a natural fit for academic research.
对于老师或学生本人来说要判断她是否天生就适合走上学术道路是极其困难的。

5. Sometimes PhD students are surprised to discover that empirical academic research tends to analyze systematic data sets rather than carry out case studies, and that theoretical research uses mathematical models to convey ideas rather than verbal arguments,emphasizing generality and abstraction more than specific institutienal details.
一些博士学生惊讶的发现实证学术研究倾向于分析系统性数据集而非个例研究，倾向于应用理论研究使用数理模型去传达思想而不是口头辩论，更强调通用和抽象而不是具体制度细节。

6. I would encourage anyone thinking about getting a PhD to work with their undergraduate or master's faculty on their research. If they write a thesis as an undergraduate or master's student, they should try to publish it.
对于想要攻读博士学位的任何人，我都鼓励他们在本科或研究生时同老师一起学习工作。如果他们完成了毕业论文，他们应该努力争取去发表。

ps 翻译比较生涩，翻着玩玩；我是扫描纸质图片转文字，可能有错漏，并非原文问题，应该是我转换的问题，望周知，谢谢。