【龙腾网】怎样才能更快学习新知识？

正文翻译

一、Liam Gorman

· Set your learning onto one topic at a time and focus on that.
· Make the learning as simple as possible- simplify your language and note down the information clearly in lists and small sentences.
· Keep control of your focus- don't procrastinate and sit in a calm area to take in maximum information, music and TV aren't really beneficial as background noise and neither are screaming children.

1、每次的学习集中在一个主题上，并专注于该主题。
2、使学习尽可能简单，需要简化你的语言，并用列表和小句子清楚地记下信息。
3、控制好你的注意力，不要拖延，坐在一个安静的地方以接受最大程度的信息，把音乐作为背景杂音并不会带来真正的好处，吵闹的孩子也一样。

· lixing back to other points, monitor your time by not spending too long on your work each day- just a couple of hours every week (or some more if you feel it to be necessary). Also, do not cram your studies into one night before the test or a day you have free, it won't work as much.
Hope this helps, I'll add more if I think of them. :)

13、回到其他方面，每天工作上花费点点时间用于检查，每周只花几个小时（如果你觉得有必要，可以多花一些时间）。另外，不要在考试前的一个晚上或者你有空的一天里补习功课，因为这样做不会有多大效果。
希望这有帮助，如果我想到更多，我会补充的。
二、William Beteet III, TEDx Speaker, Published in TIME, Juris Doctor TEDx演讲者，在《时代》杂志上发表过文章，法学博士

2. Immersion - It’s easier to learn something when you study nothing but that for weeks at a time. When everything you read, watch, write, and talk about is that subject. This is especially true for foreign languages, that’s why many of my friends who are polyglots recommend taking bootcamps and while living in a country that speaks that language. The intensity of that experience will leave a lasting imprint on your mind.

2.沉浸式学习——如果你一次只学习一个内容并持续几个星期，当你读、看、写和谈论的一切都是这个主题，学习起来会更容易。这对外语来说尤其如此，这就是为什么我身边许多精通多种语言的朋友都建议在一个说外语的国家生活时参加训练营。这种强烈的体验会在你的脑海中留下持久的印记。

3. Scale Up - When you want to learn something new, start watching documentaries on the subject, write down words that you do not know and look up the definition. From there buy introductory books, read them, after every session write down what you remember in a Google Doc. Try to work the new themes, concepts and words into your conversations in everyday life. After you’ve a couple introductory text, start reading graduate papers on specific concepts that interest you. Do the same process of looking up words you don’t know. This process will allow you to sounds like a graduate student in a subject in just a couple weeks.

3.扩大规模——当你想学习新的东西时，开始看关于这个主题的纪录片，写下你不知道的单词，并查找定义。从那里买一些介绍性的书，读一读，每节课结束后把你记得的东西写在谷歌文档里。试着在日常生活中把新的主题、概念和词汇融入你的对话中。在你读了几篇介绍性文章之后，开始阅读你感兴趣的特定概念的研究生论文。用同样的方法查找你不知道的单词。这个过程可以让你在几周内听上去像一个该专业的研究生。

4. PODCAST - Podcasts are the most underrated way to learn about a new subject. Human beings learned primarily from conversation for a hundred thousand years. The lecture style is a very new phenomena, and it is why we can have a difficult time staying engaged for extended periods of time. Podcast simulate that conversational style of learning, which just make it feel like you are listening to wiser people talk about something.

4.播客——播客是最被低估的学习一门新学科的方式。人类从交谈中学习了十万年。演讲风格是一个非常新的现象，这就是为什么我们很难长时间保持专注。播客模拟了这种对话式的学习方式，只会让你觉得你在听更聪明的人谈论某些事情一样。

评论翻译

三、Martin Veil, J.D. Law, California Western School of Law (1997) 加州西部法学院法学博士（1997）

I distinctly remember reflecting on what had happened. Why was I able to go from not understanding anything, to suddenly understanding all of it and realizing what was incorrect? It was like my unconscious needed to be exposed to the material, then it needed time to create neural networks that would explain to my conscious mind what everything meant and what was incorrect to boot. Remember the movie the Matrix, where the characters would just download a program into consciousness that allowed them to suddenly understand and do things that previously were impossible. It is like that - but in slow motion. Really, I think reading and re-reading is just a way of allowing the unconscious time to do what is needed and letting the unconscious know that I was really serious about understanding this - so it needed to help me.

我清楚地记得对发生的事情进行反思。为什么我能从什么都不懂，到突然明白了所有的东西，并意识到什么是不正确的？就像我的潜意识需要暴露在物质中，然后它需要时间来创建神经网络，向我的意识大脑解释一切意味着什么，什么是不正确的。还记得电影《黑客帝国》中的角色只需在意识中下载一个程序，让他们能够突然理解并做到以前不可能做到的事情。就是这样的，但仅限于慢动作中。真的，我认为阅读和重读只是一种方式，让潜意识花时间去做需要做的事情，并让潜意识知道我真的很认真地在理解这一点，所以我需要得到“它”的帮助。

So I started using this same technique in other areas that interested me - philosophy being a prime one. Read, re-read, re-read, re-read and question, re-read and write about all the things I agreed and disagreed with as well as identifying the holes in the writer’s ideas that would require more of my own thinking to fill. I found that it worked for everything, but here’s the deal, each new time it got easier.

所以我开始在我感兴趣的其他领域使用同样的方法——哲学是最重要的。阅读，重新阅读和提问，重新阅读和写出我同意和不同意的所有内容，并找出作者的思想中的漏洞，这些漏洞需要我用自己更多的思维来填补。我发现这对任何事情都有效，但这很重要，每一次新的尝试都变得更加容易。

Eventually, I understood most things on the first reading, not the fourth; my mind was working faster, but my conscious mind was still in a relaxed state. It seemed as if my unconscious had reconnected to my conscious mind and was using the connections to create the neural networks that were needed to understand, not just for the specific areas I was interested in learning, but neural networks that could be used more generally to understand everything more easily.

最终，我在第一次阅读时可以理解大部分内容，而不需要阅读四次；我的大脑工作得更快了，但我的意识仍然处于放松状态。似乎我的潜意识已经重新连接到我的意识思维中，并利用这些联系来创建需要理解的神经网络，不仅是针对我感兴趣学习的特定领域，而且还可以更广泛地用于更容易地理解一切。

Now, all this started happening when I was 18 years old. At that age, the mind is still being constructed and the structures could be altered with relative ease. A few years later, I graduated magna cum laude from law school, and I was a slacker because things came so much easier to me than they did at 18. But now, I’m much older.
Still, for a long time I have wanted to play guitar. Twelve years ago, my ex-wife gave me a guitar for my birthday, and strummed a little but didn’t really know what to do with it and so I gave it up. I didn’t take the time to learn, but, in the back of my mind, I still wanted to. So, a couple years ago, I picked up a guitar and started to learn how to play, “House of the Rising Sun.” There are a fair number of chords in the song and so there are a lot of chord changes. It was a good song to learn with, as it would require me to learn a lot of chords and how to switch between them, and I liked the song because I used to sing it all the time in karaoke.

现在，这一切都发生在我18岁的时候。在那个年龄，思维仍在构建中，结构可以相对容易地改变。几年后，我以优异的成绩从法学院毕业，那时我比较懒惰，因为事情对我来说比18岁时容易得多。但现在，我年纪更大了。
不过，很长一段时间以来我一直想弹吉他。12年前，我前妻在我生日时送给我一把吉他，弹了几下，但不知道该怎么用，所以我放弃了。我没有花时间去学习，但是，在我的脑海里，我还是想学。所以，几年前，我拿起一把吉他，开始学习如何弹奏《日升之屋》。这首歌中有相当数量的和弦，因此有很多和弦的变化。这是一首很值得学的歌，因为它需要我学习很多和弦以及如何在它们之间切换，而且我喜欢这首歌，因为我以前总是在卡拉OK里唱它。

Now, applying what I said before, you would think that all of the intellectual work I have done in the past would help me with learning the guitar, but this is not the case. I have never learned anything about details of music, nothing I have done in life has involved intricate fine motor skills in my hands, and though I have sung most of my life, playing an instrument is very different than singing. So the neural networks I have built over the course of my life are not the right ones for playing a guitar - in fact, I kind of feel like the ones I have built interfere with playing a musical instrument, so I was giving my unconscious a lot of work to do if I really wanted to learn to play guitar.

现在，按照我之前所说的，你会认为我过去所做的所有智力工作都会帮助我学习吉他，但事实并非如此。我从来没有学过音乐的任何细节，我在生活中所做的任何事都没有涉及到我手上复杂的精细运动技能，虽然我大部分时间都在唱歌，但演奏乐器与唱歌有很大的不同。所以，我一生中建立的神经网络并不是合适弹吉他的神经网络。事实上，我觉得我建立的神经网络会干扰乐器的演奏，所以如果我真的想学弹吉他，我在我的潜意识上还有很多工作要做。

So, as I did with reading when I was younger, I started playing House of the Rising Sun, over and over and over and over and over and over. Yes, for almost a year, it was all I did (driving everyone crazy) and I had lots of free time to work on it, but it took a lot of time to build the neural networks; networks that likely had to be built around what I had built using my mind on thinking that was very different than what is needed to play music. My fingers didn’t want to do what I wanted them to do, and I felt like I was constantly stumbling - like my thoughts would get in the way of the natural movement of my fingers. I had to learn how not to think or analyze consciously when I played - a difficult task for someone like me who thinks all the time. I am nearly three years in now, and I am only just learning to relax my conscious mind while my fingers are moving across the strings, but now things are finally coming more quickly. Moreover, as soon as my mind could connect the dots with things I already understood, it did those things for me which has encouraged me to stick with it, despite the difficulties - the unconscious is always trying to encourage our creativity - it doesn’t want us to give up!

所以，就像我小时候读书一样，我开始弹奏《日升之屋》，一遍又一遍，一遍又一遍。是的，在将近一年的时间里，这就是我所做的一切（让每个人都抓狂），我有很多空闲时间去做这件事，但是建立神经网络却花了很多时间；这些网络可能必须围绕我的思维能力而建立，而我的思维方式与演奏音乐所需要的完全不同。我的手指不想做我想让他们做的事情，我觉得我总是在不断被阻碍——好像我的想法会妨碍我手指的自然移动。当我演奏时，我必须学会如何有意识地思考和分析——对于像我这样一直在思考的人来说，这是一项艰巨的任务。现在已经快三年了，我只是在学习在我的手指在琴弦上移动的同时放松我的意识，但现在事情终进展得更快了。而且，一旦我的大脑能把这些点点滴滴的东西和我已经理解的事情联系起来，它为我做的那些事情就可以鼓励我坚持下去，尽管困难重重，但潜意识总是在激发我们的创造力，它不想让我们放弃！

I have been writing and reading poetry for most of my life. I didn’t have any plans to write my own songs. I had written one song when I was in my twenties, but didn’t know how to create the music for it, so it had languished, though I still remembered the song. But songwriting was not really on my radar with guitar, I just wanted to play and instrument and maybe do some covers at open mic…or so I thought. Once, I was at the point that I could begin to string together chords, I felt the urge to begin songwriting and see if I could use my new understanding of music to create the music for the lyrics I wrote. In the last year and a half, I have written almost thirty songs. I have the rudimentary chords and melodies worked out for over ten of them and it keeps getting easier, just like it kept getting easier when I was reading and thinking about psychology and philosophy. I don’t know what is going to happen next musically, but it is exciting as hell to see what my mind can teach me when I keep working at it.
Maybe you know the Eddie Vedder song, Guaranteed - “A mind full of questions and a teacher in my soul….” I think he is talking about what I am talking about here. Almost everyone gives up in life. They have heard they aren’t good enough, so they never try and because they never try they never learn that being good enough is about relaxing that conscious chatter; the conscious mind is impatient and learning to let consciousness slow down to allow the process to take as long as it takes is the key to ultimately thinking faster.

我一生中大部分时间都在写诗和读诗。我没打算创作我自己的歌。我20多岁的时候写过一首歌，但不知道如何为它谱曲，所以这首歌已经停滞不前，尽管我还记得那首歌。但歌曲创作并不是我关注吉他的原因，我只是想弹奏和演奏乐器，也许在开放式麦克风上做一些翻唱等等，我是这么想的。有一次，当我可以开始把和弦串起来的时候，我就有了开始写歌的冲动，看看能不能用我对音乐的新理解来为我写的歌词创作音乐。在过去的一年半里，我写了将近三十首歌。我已经为其中的10多首曲子编出了最基本的和弦和旋律，而且变得越来越容易，就像我阅读和思考心理学和哲学时一样。我不知道下一步在音乐上会发生什么，但当我继续努力的时候，看到我的意识能教给我什么，真是太令人兴奋了。
也许你知道艾迪·维达的歌《Guaranteed》， “脑中充满了疑问，灵魂深处已有指引…”我想他讲的就是我在这里所说的。几乎每个人都在生活中放弃。他们听说自己不够好，所以他们从不尝试，因为他们从来没有尝试过，所以他们永远不会明白，做得足够好就意味着放松有意识的闲聊；有意识的头脑是不耐烦的，学会让意识放慢，让这个过程持续很长时间，这是最终加快思考速度的关键。

Of course, there are people who are naturally gifted and I do not expect that I will ever play guitar like Joe Satriani, or my 14 year old stepson or, in all likelihood, my soon to be 9 year old son who is quickly learning the violin. But for me, in terms of music, I am thinking more quickly now and new things keep happening. For the longest time, I have been unable to play any guitar except a classical. The classical strings are not as hard on my fingers and the distance between the strings is wider, so my fingers, which are relatively thick from working out with weights my whole life, were less likely to buzz the other strings when I use the classical. Last night, on a lark, I picked up my Celebrity Ovation steel string guitar that has been sitting unplayed for close to a year. I could play it.

当然，有些人天生就有天赋，我也不指望我会像乔·塞奇尼那样弹吉他，也不会像我14岁的继子那样，或者很可能是我即将9岁的儿子那样，他很快就学会了小提琴。但对我来说，在音乐方面，我现在思考得更快了，新事物也在不断发生。很长一段时间以来，除了古典吉他，我什么吉他都不会弹。古典琴弦对我的手指要求不需要那么硬，琴弦之间的距离也比较宽，因为我一生都在练习重量，所以在我使用古典琴弦时，手指就不太可能敲击其他琴弦。昨晚，随便闹着玩，我拿起了我的Celebrity Ovation钢弦吉他，这把吉他已经放了将近一年了。我发现可以弹奏它。

I could play it better than my classical because my fingering had become more precise and the strings, being closer together were easier to reach. I cannot tell you how exciting it was for me to realize I could play that damn steel string now. It sounds better with the songs I have written and it is a better rhythm instrument to sing with than the classical because the extended resonating tone makes it seem fuller than the classical. My 14 year old was excited too because now, when we play together with him playing lead, he can use the steel string which he prefers over the classical - likely for the same reasons I just mentioned.
There are no wormholes to faster thinking. You have to build the foundation with patience and perseverance and then, almost out of nowhere, you will find yourself thinking more quickly and - much more importantly - more deeply.

我用它可以演奏得比我的古典吉他好，因为我的指法变得更加精确，而且更紧密的琴弦更容易触及。我无法告诉你，我现在能弹奏那该死的钢弦，这对我来说是多么激动。用它来演奏我写的歌听起来更好，比起古吉他，它是一种更好的节奏乐器，因为扩展的共鸣音调使它听起来比古典吉他更饱满。我14岁的儿子也很兴奋，因为现在，当我们和他一起演奏时，他可以使用自己喜欢的钢弦吉他而不是古典吉他，可能是出于我刚才提到的相同原因。
没有虫洞可以加快思维速度。您必须以耐心和毅力来建立基础，然后，几乎在任何方面，你会发现自己思考得更快，更重要的是思考得更为深入。