单词详解 | ostracize

ostracize
音标：
英音/ ˈɒstrəsaɪz /美音/ ˈɑːstrəsaɪz /

听听基本释意：

见原文：https://engapi.com/article/4994

外刊例句：
He said that his family has been ostracized and he has prayed alone in his jail cell.
他说他的家人遭到排斥，他独自在牢房里祈祷。
—New York Times

What democracies need, he added, are investments in improvements — the best ideas, no matter where they come from — and a strong commitment to ostracizing those who violate rules and norms.
他补充说，民主国家需要的是对改进的投资——最好的想法，无论它们来自哪里——以及对排斥那些违反规则和规范的人的坚定承诺。
—New York Times

“These women essentially sold themselves to save their families. … Rather than being supported, they were ostracized,” she said.
“这些女性实际上是为了拯救家人而出卖自己的。 ……他们非但没有得到支持，反而遭到排斥，”她说。
—Washington Post

基本释意：
verb
expel from a community or group
放逐；排斥；按贝壳流放法放逐

同义词：
ban,banish,blackball,cast out,ostracise,shun,ostracise

短释义：
Ostraka is an ancient Greek word for pottery shard. Thousands of years ago, in the Greek city of Athens, there was a public process where you would write the name of someone you wanted to kick out of town on a broken ceramic fragment. If enough Athenians wrote the same name, that person was sent away for ten years. This process was called an ostracism.
如果你驱逐某人或忽视他，你就是在排斥他。当伊朗总统声称大屠杀是一场骗局时，他遭到了国际社会的排斥。

长释义：
Ostraka is an ancient Greek word for pottery shard. Thousands of years ago, in the Greek city of Athens, there was a public process where you would write the name of someone you wanted to kick out of town on a broken ceramic fragment. If enough Athenians wrote the same name, that person was sent away for ten years. This process was called an ostracism.
Ostraka 是古希腊语，意为陶器碎片。几千年前，在希腊雅典城，有一个公共程序，你可以在一块破碎的陶瓷碎片上写下你想踢出城的人的名字。如果有足够多的雅典人写下同样的名字，这个人就会被放逐十年。这个过程被称为排斥。

文学例句：
“We used to ostracize everyone, even each other.”
“我们曾经排斥所有人，甚至互相排斥。”
—Catch-22 by Joseph Heller

“Bruno was bullied and ostracized, alone and afraid. The city was a large and unforgiving place. Especially for those who seemed different. Especially for those who had no family, no community.”
“布鲁诺受到欺凌和排斥，孤独而害怕。这座城市是一个巨大而无情的地方。尤其是对于那些看起来与众不同的人。尤其是对于那些没有家庭、没有社区的人来说。”
—I Can Make This Promise by Christine Day

Sentenced to prison for treason, Burnham instead winds up as an ostracized temp on the USS Discovery.
伯纳姆因叛国罪被判入狱，但最终成为发现号航空母舰上被排斥的临时工。
—Perspective | TV needs a really great space saga. ‘Star Trek: Discovery’ comes close, but the longing remains. by https://www.facebook.com/pages/Hank-Stuever/71611518791

词源：
ostracize (v.)”exile by ostracism, banish by popular vote,” also in a figurative sense, “to exclude from society or favor,” 1640s, from Latinized form of Greek ostrakizein “to banish,” literally “to banish by voting with potshards” (see ostracism). Related: Ostracization; ostracized; ostracizing.Related entries & more

下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
ostracize (v.)“通过排斥而流放，通过民众投票驱逐”，也有比喻意义，“从社会或青睐中排除”，1640年代，源自希腊语ostrakizein的拉丁化形式“驱逐”，字面意思是“通过投票驱逐”与陶器碎片”（见排斥）。相关：排斥；被排斥；排斥。相关条目及更多