恋词考研英语真题5500词第九天Unit 04

degree [dɪˈɡriː] n. 程度；度数；学位；等级

形近词：agreement, Greek

 

I struggled a lot go get the college degree.

我奋力拼搏以获得大学学位。

现在很多大学的学位并不需要奋力拼搏才能获得了，但是付出了多少，在求职的时候，一切都藏不住。

 

agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协定；一致；同意

There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

解析：so-called所谓的；big deal这里是大宗协议；access to进入什么; a collection of一系列的...；journal期刊；title标题；site-licensing网址许可；agreements这里的协定的意思。

翻译： 有一个所谓的大宗协议，是机构订阅者付费通过网址许可协议获取一系列在线期刊标题入口的地方。

 

Greek [ɡriːk]

n. 希腊人；希腊文

adj. 希腊的；希腊语的；希腊人的；

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health”.

解析：precious珍贵的

古希腊哲学家亚里士多德将大笑视为“对健康来说很珍贵的身体锻炼”。

 

concern [kənˈsɜːrn]

v. 涉及；关系到；关注

n. 关心；关切；顾虑；忧虑；利害（关系）

形近词：concerned，unconcerned

 

Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.

解析：valid除了有效的，还有合理的，有根据的，符合逻辑的意思；patch补丁；patchwork拼凑；regulation管理，控制，章程；patchwork regulation翻译成各自为政；因为美国就是50个州的联邦。

句子中的result是动词，导致;that是result的宾语，that从句是修饰the patchwork regulation的定语从句。

翻译：当然，如果每个州都设置自己的规则，那么有合理性担忧这会导致的各自为政。

 

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes——both new and old——are distributed.

解析：distribute分配，分发。

翻译：如《自然》杂志之前指出来的，关于科学奖项如何分配分发，有一些合法担忧。

 

concerned [kənˈsɜːrnd] adj. 关心的；关注的；有关（方面）的；认为重要的；担心的

On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.

解析：on first hearinig乍一听; chancellor总理，议长；socially 副词修饰形容词concerned；indulgent 放纵的，宽容的；subsidise资助，给...发津贴，这里subsidises laziness是助长惰性的意思。

翻译： 乍一听，这位心系社会的议长，试着改善民生，用对一个明显纵容性系统——使新失业的人几乎不费努力就能找到工作并且助长惰性的系统的“改革”来完成。

 

unconcerned [ˌʌnkənˈsɜːrnd] adj. 不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的

Young people are often unconcerned with political issues.

年轻人往往对政治问题漠不关心。

 

concern oneself with: 关心

 

as/so far as ... be concerned: 就...来说

So far as resources disposition be concerned, it is relative to nature economy.

就资源配置方式来说，它与自然经济相关。

 

allow [əˈlaʊ] v. 允许；同意；考虑

形近词：shallow

In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.

解析：mass海量的，mass-market面向大众的；anticipate预测；precisely精确地，副词修饰动词anticipate; demand这里是名词需求。

翻译：在上一个十年左右，技术的进步已经让面向大众的品牌比如Zara, H&M和优衣库对潮流的反应更加快速并且更加准确地预测市场需求。

 

However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.

解析：Justice大写，代表法官；status身份，状态，情形；law enforcement法律实施。

翻译：然而，法官们说亚利桑那州警方在执法过程中查验人民的合法性。

 

shallow [ˈʃæloʊ]

v. 变浅；使变浅

adj. 浅的；肤浅的

a shallow dish 浅盘

 

allow for: 考虑到；顾及；允许有

You have to allow for a certain amount of error.

你必须将一定数量的误差考虑在内。

 

product [ˈprɑːdʌkt] n. 产品；产物

invest in product development 产品开发投资

形近词：production, productive, productivity

 

production [prəˈdʌkʃn] n. 生产；产量；产品；作品

Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

翻译：只有人们开始以一种更加有生产力的方式获取食物时，才是获取其它事物的时候。

 

productivity [ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti] n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力

Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.

解析：likewise副词adv，同样地，类似地；boost增加，促进，吹捧；

翻译：同样地，自动化应当最终促进生产力，通过驱动价格下降来刺激需求，并且将工人从辛苦，乏味的工作中解放出来。

 

invention [ɪnˈvenʃn] n. 发明（物）

Fax machine were a wonderful invention at the time.

传真机当时是一项了不起的发明。

 

level [ˈlevl]  

n. 水平；程度；等级，级别

adj. 水平的；平的；平稳的

v. 弄平；铺平；使瞄准；使对准

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.

在州这一级别，他们的影响力甚至有可能更加可怕。

 

low-level [ˌloʊ ˈlevl] adj. 低水平的；低级别的；次要的

Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.

解析：首先，这个句子是谓语前置的倒装句。主语是information protection信息保护。

left这里是leave的过去分词，表示被动，句子中是被留给的意思；left 和同样由过去分词表示被动的seen是并列关系。to odd, low-level这里逗号是分隔，是to odd and low-level IT staff的意思；put right恢复正常，纠正；

翻译：此前，信息保护是由奇怪而又低级别的IT人员纠正的，并且被视为只有像银行业，电讯业和飞机旅游业这样数据丰富的行业才会关心的事，而现在，信息保护是各行各业老板日程中的高级别事件。

 

level off: 稳定，呈平稳状态

The figures show evidence that murders in the national capital are beginning to level off.

数据表明，该国首都谋杀案开始控制在稳定的水平。

 

on the level: 真诚；坦率；诚恳

I’m not convinced he’s on the level.

我不相信他是真诚的。

 

do one’s level best: 全力以赴

You are my impetus, that is why I do my level best.

解析：impetus动力，惯性，促进。

翻译：你是我的动力，那就是为什么我全力以赴。

 

effort [ˈefərt] n. 努力，艰难的尝试

形近词：effortless

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the the environment —— including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line —— Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

解析：Unit 01讲impact的时候，是一模一样的句子，前面已经解析过这个句子。重复一下，though表示转折。

翻译：尽管多家快时尚公司已经在努力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响——包括H&M推出了环保“意识系列”服装生产线——但克莱因认为持续的改变只能通过消费者影响。

 

effortless [ˈefərtləs] adj. 不费力气的

He made playing guitar look effortless.

他让弹吉他看起来很轻松。

 

infer [ɪnˈfɜːr] v. 推论；推断

Much of meaning must be inferred from the context.

大部分含义必须从上下文推断。

注：人工智能在自然语言处理上，要解决一词多义等问题，也遵循了上下文原则。比如google的self-attention机制。

 

形近词：inferiority, inferior, inference

inferiority [ɪnˌfɪriˈɔːrəti] n. 劣势；劣等；下等；次级；自卑情绪，自卑感

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

解析：justification除了辩护，辩解之外还有合理的理由的意思；neglect忽视；rationalization合理化。前面说过除了and，逗号也可以表示并列和连接。

翻译：这种说法似乎是在为忽视那些需要帮助的人的行为找借口，也似乎是在讲剥削以及上层人的优越感和底层人的自卑感合理化。

 

inferior [ɪnˈfɪriər]

adj. 低等的；劣等的；下级的；（质量）差的，次的

n. 部下，下属

According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?

[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.

[C] They help improve the quality of music

[D] They have only covered masterpieces.

解析：recordings录音；masterpieces杰作

翻译：

根据文本，下列哪一项关于录音的说法是正确的？

[A] 它们在质量上通常比音乐会要差

[B] 对于大众来说它们很容易获得

[C] 它们帮助提高音乐的质量

[D] 它们只涵盖了杰出的作品

 

inference [ˈɪnfərəns] n. 推论；推理；推断

The clear inference is university is expanding.

显然的结论是宇宙在膨胀。

 

deduce [dɪˈduːs] v. 推论；推断 

We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.

我们可以从人们选择买什么推断出很多。

 

conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 得出结论；推断出

What do you conclude from that?

你从中得出了什么结论？

 

professional [prəˈfeʃənl]

n. 专业人士

adj. 职业的；专业的；专门的

形近词：professionalize, professionalization, professionalism

 

If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

解析：pronounce动词，发音，正式宣布的意思；pronounced表达明确的，显著的，明显的；examine除了测验，还有调查的意思；rank除了排名，级别，还有成员的意思；feed供养，喂养，这里是输送人才养料的意思。

翻译：如果你再去调查为世界杯和专业成员输送人才的欧洲青年国家队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更加明显。

 

professionalize [prəˈfeʃənəlaɪz] v. 使...职业化；使...专业化

Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor.

翻译：除了用这种分离来让专业更加专业化，顶尖美国大学已经让教授专业化。

 

professionalization [prəˌfeʃənəlaɪz'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 专业化；职业化
Analysis on Identification Education of Professional Value of Social Work under Professionalization.

《职业化背景下社会工作专业价值的认同教育的分析》

 

professionalism [prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm] n. 职业水准或特性；职业化；专业化

Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969, a third of American professors did not possess one.

解析：acquisition获得，得到；doctoral degree博士学位；prerequisite可作名词先决条件和形容词先决条件的，句子中a prerequisite很明显是名词，一个先决条件；

翻译：专业化已经让博士学位的获取办成一个成功学术生涯的一个先决条件：截止到1969年，1/3的美国教授没有一个博士学位。

 

provide [prəˈvaɪd] v. 供给；提供；给予 

形近词：provided, provider, provision

The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.

翻译：该程序追踪你的进步并对你的表现和提升提供细节化的反馈。 

 

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communication choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.

解析：dramatic除了戏剧性的，还有引人注目的，巨大的意思；

翻译：同样巨大的技术编号为营销人员提供了更多（并且也更多样）的沟通选择，也同样提供了更多风险——让狂热的消费者用更快，更明显和更加破坏性的方式来发声他们的意见。

 

provided [prəˈvaɪdɪd] conj. 倘若；只要；假如

conj是连词的意思。

Provided that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to £100 a day. 

假设你的账户上有钱，你可以每天提取100人民币。

 

provider [prəˈvaɪdər] n. 提供者；供应者；供应商

This trend, which we believe in still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.

解析：infant婴儿，infancy婴儿期，初期；

翻译：这一趋势，我们相信仍然在初期，有效地从零售商和像航空和旅馆这样的旅游供应商开始并且毫无疑问会走的更远。

 

provision [prəˈvɪʒn] n. 供应；提供；（法律的）条文；条款；规定；准备

Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______ .

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies

解析：constitutional宪法的；disturb打扰，扰乱；overstep越权；

翻译：

亚利桑那州计划的三条条款被反转因为它们______。

[A] 剥夺了联邦警察的宪法权力

[B] 打乱了不同州之间的权力平衡

[C] 越过了联邦移民法律的许可

[D] 与联邦政策和州的政策都矛盾

 

supply [səˈplaɪ] v. 供给；补充

Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.

外国政府为叛军提供武器。

2011年的“阿拉伯之春”，叙利亚是民选政府，是外国政府为反对派也就是叛军提供武器。

 

offer [ˈɔːfər] v. 提供；给予

You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.

翻译：你现在不被需要；你被提供你生活的目标和结构的工作环境排除在外。

 

challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

n. 挑战；艰巨人物；（对真实性、价值、权威等提出的）怀疑；质疑

v. 挑战；怀疑；质疑（真实性、价值、权威等）

形近词：unchallenged

 

It is stated in Paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ______ .

[A] challenges economists and politicians

[B] takes efforts of generations

[C] demands priority from the government

[D] requires sufficient labor force

翻译：

第一段陈述的一个新的教育系统的建立______ 。

[A] 向经济学家和政客提出了挑战

[B] 需要几代人的努力

[C] 需要政府给予优先权

[D] 需要充足的劳动力

 

Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.

解析：instead副词，反而，相反，代替，却；desperate绝望的，孤注一掷的，经典美剧《desperate wives》，也就是《绝望的主妇》；plant大部分情况下是植物，power plant电厂。

翻译：反而，这家公司做了它长期承诺它不会做的事：在联邦法院挑战佛蒙特州法规的宪法性，这是它让佛蒙特洋基核电厂运行的孤注一掷努力的一部分。

 

Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth an breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.

解析：obscure动词模糊，也是形容词模糊的意思；illuminate除了点亮，还有阐明的意思。

翻译：然而它的报告也许会通过模糊国会要求阐明的挑战的深度核广度让改革倒退。

 

unchallenged [ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd] adj. 不成问题的；未受到挑战的；未引起质疑的；没有异议的

He is in a position of unchallenged authority.

他拥有绝对的权威。