第二节 汉语复合句与英语简单句转换
汉语中习惯使用复合句或一些短句子,受这种思维模式影响,学生在英语写作中
习惯使用英语复合句或一些短句,使整篇文章看起来汉式英语味很浓。如果想把
汉语复合句变成英语简单句,首先要学会把短句压缩成一个短语,可以通过以下
几种方式:非谓语动词、副词、同位语、动词及形容词的名物化等。
2.1 分 词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词,关于它们的使用,在前面已经详细探讨过,这里
只是介绍在写作中如何运用。
1. a)Yet all of history has taught us that if we deny these ulitmates and place man or
state at the core of the universe, the result is that everyone will become selfish. That
will paralyze everything. The first signs of it are already evident, and this is really
frightening.
b)Yet all of history has taught us that the denial of these ultimates, the placement of
man or state at the core of the universe, results in a paralyzing mass selfishness; and
the first signs of it are already frighteningly evident.
a)的写法,汉语味较重,因为所用的句法单位级别基本和中文句法单位级别相同:
如果我们否认这些基本原理,把个人或国家置于宇宙的中心……
the denial of these ultimates, the placement of man or state at the core of the
universe…(通过
动词“名物化”的使用把汉语条件状语从句变成一个名词短语)
The result is that everyone will become selfish. 第九章 汉式英语例句修改
其结果是大家就会变得自私自利。这使一切都处于瘫痪。
results in a paralyzing mass selfishness(通过现在分词和形容词的“名物化”,
把汉语的两 句话压缩成一个动宾短语)
这方面表现出来的迹象已经十分明显,达到了十分怕人的地步。
and the first signs of it are already frighteningly evident.(通过使用“副词加
形容词”结构, 把汉语的两句话压缩成一句)
2. 他猛然倒在一把椅子上,椅子被压得吱吱响。
由于受汉语句法的影响,学生在英语写作中首先想到的是句子。因此上面的句子
可翻译成:
a)He crashed down on a chair which produced a protesting sound.
而英语可能只用一个分词:
b)He crashed down on a protesting chair.
3.在我们学校里这一点表现为:教鞭消失了,心理老师出现了。
a)In our schools this is reflected by the fact the stick has vanished and the
psychiatrist has emerged.
b)In our schools this is reflected by the vanishing stick and the emerging
psychiatrist.