Case report之摘要写作(一)
疫情反反复复,都已经五一了,还形势严峻。越是艰难的时候,越要相信人类可以战胜疫情!好了,直接上干货吧!
导语:摘要是对整篇文章的一个简短概述,通常也是审稿人对文章的第一印象。麻雀虽小五脏俱全,一个完整的case report摘要需包括:文章的背景及目的;病例对象的基本情况(年龄、性别、国籍等),诊疗过程及结果;对此罕见病例或新方法的评论;文章的临床意义等。
一般杂志对摘要的字数都会有要求,通常在250或300字以内。想要在限定的字数里将文章内容及意义完美的体现出来并非难事,关键就是要抓住“重点”和“简洁”这两个词。
现在很多杂志都要求写结构式摘要,其优点就是信息量大,能较全面地展示文章的主要内容;结构层次清楚并有其特定格式;便于同行专家评审和读者获取信息。这种结构式摘要所包含的引导语也不尽相同,通常“Introduction”或“Background”,“Presentationof case”或者“Casereport”,“Discussion”和“Conclusion”。
例1:出自Sjogren PP, Banerji N, Batts KP, Graczyk MJ, Dunn DH (2013) Rare presentation of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with spontaneous esophageal perforation: A case report. International journal of surgery case reports 4 (7): 636-639.
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the alimentary canal are malignant tumors with < 1% of cases diagnosed in esophagus (指出胃肠道间质瘤在食管中的诊断率很低). These cases require special consideration given their close proximity to vital structures and propensity to be highly aggressive (由于食管与许多器官极为贴近,因而易侵袭). Management of patients with GISTs has been transformed since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (指出目前GISTs的治疗正关注于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂). In this report, we present an unusual case of GIST with spontaneous esophageal perforation (本研究的所介绍的疾病即不常见的GISTs并发的自发性食管穿孔).
解析:本段主要介绍胃肠道间质瘤背景知识及本文的研究内容,指出其诊断不易,易侵袭等特点,引出本文病例的特殊性,即胃肠道间质瘤伴随着自发性食管穿孔。背景不需要太长,重点体现病例的罕见性及本研究的必要性即可。
Presentation of case: A 39-year-old (年龄) Caucasian (国籍) male (性别) presented to our hospital with complaints of severe chest and abdominal pain (主诉,即严重的胸腹部疼痛). A diagnostic chest radiograph (首先胸片诊断) revealed a moderate right-sided pleural effusion (有中度的右侧胸腔积液). Subsequently, an esophagram (食管X线片) demonstrated a perforation proximal to an elongated stricture in the distal esophagus (食管远端有穿孔). A left thoracotomy (左侧胸廓切开术) was performed whereby a large mediastinal mass firmly attached to the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction was encountered (发现在食道和胃食管连接处有很多纵膈肿瘤). The neoplasm involved proximal one-third of the stomach and perforated into the right hemithorax (介绍肿瘤的具体部位). Histopathological (组织病理学检测) evaluation of the tumor led to a diagnosis of GIST (做出最终的诊断,即GIST).
解析:病例介绍的第一句,需指出病例对象的基本情况,即年龄、性别、种族、主诉。若有必要,还需简单描述病人的既往病史。然后介绍疾病的诊疗过程,首先是胸片,食管X线片检查,随后通过胸廓切开术更直观了解病情,最终通过组织病理学检查确诊疾病。本段介绍其实与普通论文的方法部分类似,指出关键的诊断过程即可。
Discussion: GISTs of the gastroesophageal junction are uncommon and may rarely present with esophageal perforation (第一句首先就是要强调病例的罕见性). The standard of care for treating GIST at present includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors (指出治疗此疾病需关注酪氨酸激酶抑制剂). This pharmacologic agent, along with improved surgical techniques and understanding of molecular markers for accurate diagnosis, will assuredly continue to improve overall survival of patients with GISTs (对药理学试剂未来的期望).
解析:讨论本研究所用治疗方法及可能的治疗效果,简单说明即可。摘要中呈现讨论部分是病例报告的一个特殊之处,但这部分并不是必须的,需看具体的杂志要求而定。
Conclusion: When stricture or achalasia is detected on imaging, GIST should be considered in the differential diagnosis for individual patients (指出若出现食道狭窄或松弛,应考虑是否为GIST). Additionally, chest and abdomen CT scans of may be performed to confirm presence of a tumor mass, thereby ruling out achalasia (胸腹部CT的必要性).
解析:总结此病例得出的经验及结论,提示在出现某些症状时需考虑是否为GIST,并作进一步诊断,表明本研究对临床医生的指导意义。
这是比较完整的结构式摘要,所有必要的内容都有介绍,但不罗嗦,可以作为写作的参考。
看完这么多期的case report的写作技巧,是不是自己已经完全掌握了它的写作要领了?那么建议你通过一个完整的课程学习巩固下,可能就把之前的零散知识给串联起来了,欢迎大家订阅我们的在线指导!
