帝国时代2决定版部分人物资料（2）：康斯坦丁沙皇
康斯坦丁沙皇是帝国时代2决定版保加利亚战役伊瓦伊洛中登场的角色，出现在游戏里的第一关，由于国内关于康斯坦丁沙皇的资料记载不多，于是决定搬运并进行翻译，翻译水平有限，如果有错误欢迎大家指正。
Konstantin Tih (Bulgarian: Константин Тих Асен; fl. 1257–77) or Constantine I Tikh (Константин I), was the tsar of Bulgaria from 1257 to 1277.
康斯坦丁·蒂赫（或称康斯坦丁一世·蒂赫），是1257年到1277年在位的保加利亚沙皇。
Konstantin Tih was a wealthy Bulgarian boyar (or nobleman) whose estates were located in the region of Sofia or Skopje.Konstantin stated in his charter to the Saint George Monastery near Skopje that Stefan Nemanja of Serbia was his grandfather. The Byzantine historian, George Pachymeres, described him as a "half-Serbian". He could have been related to the Serbian royal house through either his mother or father. If he was a patrilinear relative of Nemanja, his father, Tih, may have been the son of Nemanja's brother, Tihomir, according to historian Srdjan Pirivatrić. Pirivatrić and other scholars also say, Konstantin may have been a son or a nephew of the Bulgarian boyar John Tihomir, who controlled Skopje in the late 12th century. If Konstantin was related to the Serbian royal house through his mother, a daughter or a niece of Nemanja must have been his mother.
康斯坦丁·蒂赫是保加利亚的波雅尔（一作波耶，东欧地区的一种贵族的称呼），其庄园位于索非亚或斯科普里地区。 康斯坦丁在给斯科普里附近的圣乔治修道院的宪章中声明，塞尔维亚的斯特凡·尼曼雅是他的祖先。拜占庭历史学家乔治乌斯·帕西迈利斯称他为"半个塞尔维亚人"。 因为父母的缘故，他可能与塞尔维亚王室有亲戚关系。 根据历史学家斯尔詹·皮里瓦特里奇的说法，如果他是尼曼雅的父系亲戚，他的父亲蒂赫可能是尼曼雅的兄弟蒂霍米尔的儿子。 皮里瓦特里奇和其他学者也说， 康斯坦丁可能是保加利亚的波雅尔约翰 · 蒂霍米尔的儿子或侄子， 他在于12 世纪末控制了斯科普里。如果康斯坦丁通过他的母亲与塞尔维亚王室有亲戚关系，他的母亲一定是尼曼雅的女儿或侄女。
上位之路
Konstantin Tih mounted the Bulgarian throne after the death of Michael II Asen,but the circumstances of his ascension are obscure.Michael Asen was murdered by his cousin, Kaliman in late 1256 or early 1257. Before long, Kaliman was also killed, and the male line of the Asen dynasty died out.
康斯坦丁·蒂赫在米哈伊尔二世·阿森去世后登上成为保加利亚沙皇，但他的当上沙皇的过程尚不清楚。米哈伊尔二世·阿森于1256年末或1257年初被他的堂兄卡里曼谋杀。不久，卡里曼也被谋杀了，阿森王朝的男性继承人血脉也随之消亡。
Rostislav Mikhailovich, Duke of Macsó (who was Michael and Kaliman's father-in-law), and the boyar Mitso (who was Michael's brother-in-law), laid claim to Bulgaria.Rostislav captured Vidin, Mitso held sway over southeastern Bulgaria, but none of them could secure the support of the boyars who controlled Tarnovo. The latter offered the throne Konstantin who accepted the election.
米哈伊尔二世和卡里曼的岳父，马克索大公罗斯蒂斯拉夫·米哈伊洛维奇和米哈伊尔二世的姐夫，波雅尔米特索对保加利亚分别宣示了主权。罗斯蒂斯拉夫占领了维丁，米特索控制了保加利亚东南部，但他们中没有一人能够获得控制大特尔诺沃的波雅尔们的支持。波雅尔们决定推举康斯坦丁坐上保加利亚沙皇的位置上。
Konstantin divorced his first wife (whose name is unknown), and married Irene Doukaina Laskarina in 1258.Irene was the daughter of Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea, and Elena of Bulgaria, a daughter of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. The marriage with a descendant of the Bulgarian royal family strengthened his position.He was thereafter called Konstantin Asen.The marriage also forged an alliance between Bulgaria and Nicaea,which was confirmed one or two years later, when the Byzantine historian and official George Akropolites came to Tarnovo.
康斯坦丁与第一任妻子（姓名不详）离婚，并于1258年与伊琳娜·杜卡伊娜·拉斯卡里娜结婚。伊琳娜是尼西亚皇帝提奥多雷二世和保加利亚伊凡·阿森二世的女儿——保加利亚的埃琳娜两人的女儿。与保加利亚皇室后裔的联姻巩固了康斯坦丁的地位。此后，他被称为康斯坦丁·阿森。这一婚姻也在加强了保加利亚和尼西亚之间的联盟，一年或两年后，拜占庭历史学家和官员乔治·阿克洛普利斯来到大特诺沃时证实了这一点。
与匈牙利的冲突
Rostislav Mikhailovich invaded Bulgaria with Hungarian assistance in 1259. In the following year, Rostislav left his duchy to join the campaign of his father-in-law, Béla IV of Hungary, against Bohemia.Taking advantage of Rostislav's absence, Konstantin broke into his realm and reoccupied Vidin.He also sent an army to attack the Banate of Severin, but the Hungarian commander, Lawrence, fought the invaders off.
1259年，罗斯蒂斯拉夫·米哈伊洛维奇在匈牙利的协助下入侵保加利亚。第二年，罗斯蒂斯拉夫离开了他的公国，参加了他的岳父——匈牙利的贝拉四世国王（登场于库曼可泰安汗战役，蒙古入侵时的匈牙利国王，是他邀请了可泰安汗到匈牙利避难）对抗波希米亚的战役。利用罗斯蒂斯拉夫外出之际，康斯坦丁进攻了他的领地，重新占领了维丁。他还派遣军队袭击了塞维林的班纳特，但匈牙利指挥官劳伦斯击退了入侵者。
The Bulgarian invasion of Severin outraged Béla IV.Soon after he concluded a peace treaty with Ottokar II of Bohemia in March 1261, Hungarian troops stormed into Bulgaria under the command of Béla IV's son and heir, Stephen.They captured Vidin and besieged Lom on the Lower Danube,but they were unable to bring Konstantin to a pitched battle, because he withdrew to Tarnovo.The Hungarian army left Bulgaria before the end of the year, but the campaign restored northwestern Bulgaria to Rostislav.
保加利亚入侵塞韦林的事情激怒了贝拉四世。1261年3月，他与波希米亚的奥托卡二世签订和平条约，不久后匈牙利军队在贝拉四世的儿子和继承人伊什特万的指挥下冲入保加利亚。他们占领了维丁，并围困了多瑙河下游的洛姆，但他们无法把康斯坦丁卷入混战之中，因为他撤回到了大特尔诺沃。匈牙利军队在年底前离开了保加利亚，但这次战役将保加利亚西北部给了罗斯蒂斯拉夫。
与拜占庭帝国的战争
Konstantin's minor brother-in-law, John IV Laskaris, was dethroned and blinded by his former guardian and co-ruler, Michael VIII Palaiologos, before the end of 1261. Michael VIII's army had occupied Constantinople already in July, thus the coup made him the sole ruler of the restored Byzantine Empire. The rebirth of the empire changed the traditional relations between the powers of the Balkan Peninsula.Furthermore, Konstantine's wife decided to take vengeance of her brother's mutilation and persuaded Konstantine to turn against Michael.
康斯坦丁的舅子约翰四世·拉斯卡里斯在1261年底前被他的摄政和共治皇帝米哈伊尔八世·巴列奥略废黜并刺瞎。米哈伊尔八世的军队于7月占领了君士坦丁堡，因此这一次政变使他成为恢复拜占庭帝国的唯一统治者。拜占庭的复国改变了巴尔干半岛列强之间的传统关系。此外，康斯坦丁的妻子决定报复米哈伊尔八世对她兄弟的残害，并说服康斯坦丁转而反对米哈伊尔八世。
Mitso, who still held southeastern Bulgaria, made an alliance with the Byzantines, but another powerful nobleman, Jacob Svetoslav, who had taken control of the southwestern region, was loyal to Konstantine.Benefiting from a war between the Byzantine Empire, the Republic of Venice, Achaea and Epirus, Konstantine invaded Thrace and captured Stanimaka and Philippopolis (now Asenovgrad and Plovdiv in Bulgaria) in the autumn of 1262. Mitso was also forced to flee to Mesembria (now Nesebar in Bulgaria).After Konstantine laid siege to the town, Mitso sought assistance from the Byzantines, offering to surrender Mesembria to them in exchange for landed property in the Byzantine Empire.Michael VIII accepted the offer and sent Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes to help Mitso in 1263.
仍然控制保加利亚东南部的米特索与拜占庭人结盟，但另一位控制了西南地区的强大贵族雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫对康斯坦丁效忠。得益于拜占庭帝国、威尼斯共和国、亚该亚和伊庇鲁斯之间的战争，1262年秋，康斯坦丁入侵色雷斯，占领了斯坦尼马卡和菲利波波利斯（现保加利亚的阿塞诺夫格勒和普洛夫迪夫，菲利波波利斯在阿提拉战役第三关出现过）。米特索也被迫逃往梅森布里亚（现保加利亚的内塞伯尔，库曼可泰安汗战役里面保加利亚要收复的城市）。康斯坦丁围困该城后，米特索寻求拜占庭人的援助，米哈伊尔八世接受了这一求助，并于1263年派遣米哈伊尔·格拉巴斯·塔查奈奥特斯（伊瓦伊洛第四关开场发话要抓伊瓦伊洛的那位拜占庭将军）帮助米特索。
A second Byzantine army stormed into Thrace and recaptured Stanimaka and Philippopolis.After seizing Mesembria from Mitso, Glabas Tarchaneiotes continued his campaign along the Black Sea and occupied Agathopolis, Sozopolis and Anchialos (now Ahtopol, Sozopol and Pomorie in Bulgaria).Meanwhile, the Byzantine fleet took control of Vicina and other ports at the Danube Delta.Glabas Tarchaneiotes attacked Jacob Svetoslav who could only resist with Hungarian assistance, thus he accepted Béla IV's suzerainty.
一时间拜占庭军队冲入色雷斯，夺回了斯坦尼马卡和菲利波波利斯。从米特索手中夺取了梅森布里亚后，格拉巴斯·塔查奈奥特斯继续沿黑海作战，占领了阿加索波利斯、索佐波利斯和安奇亚洛斯（现保加利亚的阿托波尔、索佐波尔和波莫里）与此同时，拜占庭舰队控制了维奇纳和多瑙河三角洲的其他港口。格拉巴斯·塔查奈奥特斯袭击了雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫，后者只能在匈牙利的协助下抵抗，因为他接受了贝拉四世的宗主权。
As a consequence of the war with the Byzantines, by the end of 1263, Bulgaria lost significant territories to his two principal enemies, the Byzantine Empire and Hungary.Konstantin could only seek assistance from the Tatars of the Golden Horde to put an end to his isolation. The Tatar khans had been the overlords of the Bulgarian monarchs for almost two decades, although their rule was only formal. A former Sultan of Rum, Kaykaus II, who had been imprisoned at Michael VIII's order, also wanted to regain his throne with the Tatars' help.One of his uncles was a prominent leader of the Golden Horde and he sent messages to him to persuade the Tatars to invade the Byzantine Empire with Bulgarian assistance.According to the Byzantine historian, Nicephorus Gregoras, Kaykaus also approached Konstantin, offering much money to him if he came to release him.
因为和拜占庭人的战争，到1263年底，保加利亚被它的两个的主要敌人，拜占庭和匈牙利夺去了许多主要的领土。康斯坦丁只能向金帐汗国的鞑靼人寻求帮助，以结束他的孤立状态。近二十年来保加利亚沙皇一直是鞑靼可汗的附庸，尽管保加利亚沙皇的统治是正式的。前罗姆苏丹凯考斯二世曾在米哈伊尔八世的命令下被监禁，他还想在鞑靼人的帮助下重新夺回王位。他的一个叔叔是金帐汗国的著名领袖，他给他的叔叔发了送信，说服鞑靼人在保加利亚的帮助下入侵拜占庭帝国。拜占庭历史学家尼斯福鲁斯·格雷戈拉斯说，凯考斯也接触了康斯坦丁，如果康斯坦丁能够来帮助释放他，就给康斯坦丁大笔酬金。
Thousands of Tatars crossed the frozen Lower Danube to invade the Byzantine Empire in late 1264. Konstantin soon joined them, although he had fallen from a horse and broken his leg. The united Tatar and Bulgarian armies launched a sudden attack against Michael VIII who was returning from Thessaly to Constantinople, but they could not capture the emperor. Konstantin laid siege the Byzantine fortress of Ainos (now Enez in Turkey), forcing the defenders to surrender. The Byzantines also agreed to release Kaykaus (who soon left for the Golden Horde), but his family was kept imprisoned even thereafter.
1264年末，数千名鞑靼人穿越冰冻的多瑙河下游入侵拜占庭帝国。尽管康斯坦丁从马上摔下来摔断了腿。但他很快加入了他们的军队。鞑靼—保加利亚联军对从塞萨利返回君士坦丁堡的米哈伊尔八世发动了突然袭击，但他们未能俘虏皇帝。康斯坦丁包围了拜占庭的艾诺斯要塞（现在土耳其的埃内斯），迫使守军投降。拜占庭人也同意释放凯考斯（凯考斯很快就去了金帐汗国），但他的家人却一直被关押在监狱里。
大厦之倾
Konstantine's alliance with the Tatars strengthened his position.Jacob Svetoslav again accepted his suzerainty.Taking advantage of a civil war in Hungary, Jacob Svetoslav also invaded the Banate of Severin.The Hungarian civil war ended with the division of the country between Béla IV and Stephen in March 1266. Stephen launched a military campaign against Bulgaria and captured Vidin in June. Konstantin tried to resist, but the Hungarians defeated his army and plundered the region of Tarnovo.The Hungarians captured Pleven and other fortresses on the Danube and forced Jacob Svetoslav to again do homage to Stephen.Thereafter Jacob Svetoslav was styled as "emperor of Bulgaria" in the Hungarian royal charters.
康斯坦丁与鞑靼人结盟巩固了他的地位。雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫再次承认了他的宗主权。趁匈牙利内战之际，雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫也入侵了塞韦林的巴纳特。1266年3月，随着贝拉四世和伊什特万之间的决裂，匈牙利内战结束。伊什特万对保加利亚发动了军事行动，并于6月占领了维丁。康斯坦丁试图抵抗，但匈牙利人打败了他的军队并掠夺了大特尔诺沃地区。匈牙利人占领了普列文和多瑙河上的其他要塞，迫使雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫再次向伊什特万屈服。此后，雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫在匈牙利皇家宪章中被称为“保加利亚皇帝”。
Charles I of Anjou and Baldwin II, the dispossessed Latin emperor of Constantinople, made an alliance against the Byzantine Empire in 1267.To prevent Bulgaria from joining the anti-Byzantine coalition, Michael VIII offered his niece, Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene, to the widowed Konstantin in 1268.The emperor also pledged that he would return Mesembria and Anchialos to Bulgaria as her dowry if she gave birth to a son.Konstantin married Maria, but Michael VIII broke his promise and did not renounce the two towns after the birth of Konstantin and Maria's son, Michael. Outraged by the emperor's betrayal, Konstantin sent envoys to Charles to Naples in September 1271. The negotiations continued during the following years, showing that Konstantin was willing to support Charles against the Byzantines.
1267年，安茹的查理一世和被抢去君士坦丁堡和土地的拉丁皇帝鲍德温二世结成反拜占庭联盟。为了阻止保加利亚加入反拜占庭联盟，1268年，米哈伊尔八世将他的侄女玛丽亚·巴列奥略·坎塔库泽努斯嫁给了康斯坦丁。皇帝向寡居的康斯坦丁保证，如果她生了一个儿子，他将把梅森布里亚和安切洛斯作为她的嫁妆归还保加利亚。康斯坦丁娶了玛丽亚，但米哈伊尔八世违背了他的诺言，在康斯坦丁和玛丽亚的儿子米哈伊尔出生后，他没有放弃这两个城镇。康斯坦丁对皇帝的背叛感到愤怒，于1271年9月派遣特使前往那不勒斯与查理进行谈判。谈判在随后的几年中继续进行，康斯坦丁表明愿意支持查理对抗拜占庭人。
Konstantin broke into Thrace in 1271 or 1272, but Michael VIII persuaded Nogai, the dominant figure in the westernmost territory of the Golden Horde, to invade Bulgaria. The Tatars plundered the country, forcing Konstantin to return and abandon his claim to the two towns. Nogai set up his capital in Isaccea near the Danube Delta, thus he could easily attack Bulgaria.
康斯坦丁于1271年或1272年攻入色雷斯，但米哈伊尔八世说服了那海（伊瓦伊洛后期的大Boss）入侵保加利亚，那海是金帐汗国最西端领土上的主要人物。鞑靼人掠夺保加利亚，迫使康斯坦丁折返并放弃对这两个城镇的所有权。那海在多瑙河三角洲附近的伊萨切亚建立了他的首都，从而他可以轻易地攻击保加利亚。
Konstantin had been seriously injured after a riding accident and could not move without assistance, because he was paralyzed from the waist down. His ambitious wife took control of the government. After Michael VIII's envoys accepted Pope Gregory X's proposal to a church union at the Second Council of Lyon in summer 1274, she became one of the leading opponents of the union. She even tried to persuade Baibars, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, to attack the Byzantine Empire. Maria was also determined to secure the throne to her son. Jacob Svetoslav, however, had a strong claim to succeed Konstantin, because his wife was a granddaughter of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. Maria first adopted Jacob Svetoslav to persuade him to acknowledge her son's right to the throne, but later she had him poisoned. She also had other noblemen captured or executed, which made Konstantin's rule.
康斯坦丁在一次骑马事故中受了重伤，因为他腰部以下截瘫，在没有帮助的情况下无法移动。他雄心勃勃的妻子控制了中央。1274年夏天，米哈伊尔八世的使节接受了教皇格里高利十世（长腿爱德华在十字军东征时期的战友，维斯康提家族的成员）在里昂第二届议会上提出的建立教会联盟的建议后，玛丽亚成为该联盟的主要反对者之一，她甚至试图说服埃及马穆鲁克苏丹拜伯尔斯（不列颠长腿爱德华战役第二关的绿色敌方势力）攻击拜占庭帝国，玛丽亚还决心把王位留给她的儿子。然而，雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫强烈要求继承康斯坦丁的王位，因为他的妻子是保加利亚伊凡·阿森二世的孙女。玛丽亚首先收养了雅各布·斯维托斯拉夫，以说服他承认她儿子的王位权利，但后来她毒死了他（这就是为什么伊瓦伊洛第二关过场剧情里提到玛丽亚毒死了一位有权势的波雅尔）。她还逮捕或处决了其他贵族，这使得康斯坦丁的统治不得人心。
The paralyzed Konstantin could not prevent Nogai's Tatars from making regular plundering raids against Bulgaria. The local inhabitants of the regions which were most exposed to the Tatar raids had to organize the defense without the monarch's support.
瘫痪的康斯坦丁无法阻止那海的鞑靼人定期对保加利亚进行掠夺性袭击。受到鞑靼袭击最严重地区的当地居民不得不在没有君主支持的情况下组织防御。（所以像伊瓦伊洛等农民只能自发组织民兵队来对抗鞑靼人的侵扰，而波雅尔却醉生梦死，鱼肉百姓）
Due to the expensive and unsuccessful wars, repeated Mongol raids, and economic instability (Constantine was the first Bulgarian ruler to mint his own coins on a vast scale), the government was faced with a revolt in 1277. The social and economic aspects of this movement have been stressed by Marxist historians, but its true character is elusive. What is clear is that a swineherd or swine-owner named Ivaylo became a leader of the discontented and attracted many (presumably mostly lower-class) followers, asserting his control over a significant area. Constantine set out against Ivaylo with his guard, but was decisively defeated and slain in his chariot.
由于代价高昂且失败的战争（第一关剧情提到“新王给保加利亚带来和平”，大雾）蒙古人的多次袭击和经济不稳定（康斯坦丁是第一位大规模铸造自己货币的保加利亚统治者），中央在1277年面临叛乱。马克思主义历史学家着重强调了这场运动的社会和经济方面，但其真正性质仍不明确。很明显的是，一个名叫伊瓦伊洛（保加利亚战役的主角）的猪倌或养猪主成为了不满情绪的领导人，吸引了许多（许多人大概是是下层阶级）追随者，声称他控制了一个重要地区。康斯坦丁带着他的卫队出发对决伊瓦伊洛，但被彻底击败，并在他的战车中被杀。（伊瓦伊洛第一关结尾剧情，因为bibi太多伊瓦伊洛，所以反派死于话多，大雾）
