TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S02E35：一战的僵局与转折点（1915

Winston Churchill 1874-1965

T.E. Lawrence "Lawrence of Arabia" 1888-1935

Lord Kitchener 1850-1916

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881-1938

Liman von Sanders 1855-1929

The relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the central power strengthened.

the policy of genocide against Christian Armenians

Bulgaria joined the central power.

Churchill fell from office.

Britain and Germany

naval race

Sir John Jellicoe 1859-1935

commerce raiding

Unterseeboots "U-boats"

unrestricted submarine warfare

the sinking of RMS lusitania

America caught war fever and Germany revoked its unrestricted policy.

Admiral Reinhard Scheer 1863-1928

battle cruisers

Battle of Jutland, discretion; deterrence over decision

Prince Faisal 1885-1933

desperate Germans

to resume unrestricted submarine warfare

America entered into the war.

Zimmerman Telegram 1917

The British implemented a convoy system.

Russian front

zero-sum game

revolt and mutiny

on the brink of revolution