帝国时代2决定版部分人物资料（3）：格奥尔基·特尔特

格奥尔基·特尔特是帝国时代2决定版保加利亚战役伊瓦伊洛中登场的角色，出现在游戏里除第三关以外所有的关卡。他为人熟知的就是战役里他对伊瓦伊洛的背叛。由于国内关于格奥尔基特·尔特的资料甚少，于是决定搬运一些资料过来。 

George Terter I (Bulgarian: Георги Тертер I), of the Terter dynasty ruled as tsar of Bulgaria 1280–1292. The date of his birth is unknown, and he died in 1308/1309.

格奥尔基·特尔特一世（又译为乔治·特尔特一世）特尔特王朝的统治者，保加利亚沙皇，1280年-1292年在位，他的出生日期不详，于1308年或1309年去世。

The reign of George Terter I represents a continuation of Bulgaria's precipitous decline during the second half of the 13th century. Although George Terter I managed to maintain himself on the throne for more than a decade (unlike his two immediate predecessors), he appears to have failed to assert himself against the centrifugal forces even in his own capital. This severely limited any possibility of engaging in grand-scale international politics or even standing up to foreign aggression and Mongol raids. During the chaotic years preceding George Terter I's accession Bulgaria had lost all of Thrace to the Byzantine Empire, and under his reign its remaining possessions in Macedonia were divided between the Serbians and the Byzantines in 1282–1284.

与他的两位前任沙皇（伊瓦伊洛和伊凡·阿森三世）不同，尽管格奥尔基·特尔特成功地在沙皇位上坐了十多年，但他的统治仍然是13世纪下半叶保加利亚统治急速衰落的延续。他似乎未能在自己的首都抵御保加利亚各势力的离心力，这严重阻碍了保加利亚参与国际外交博弈甚至抵抗外国侵略和蒙古袭击的可能。在格奥尔基·特尔特入主前的混乱岁月中，保加利亚在色雷斯的所有领土都被拜占庭帝国夺去。在他的统治下，1282年到1284年他在马其顿的剩余财产被塞尔维亚人和拜占庭人瓜分。

发迹之路

The antecedents of George Terter I are unclear, but the Byzantine sources testify that he was of Bulgarian and Cuman descent, something corroborated by his double name, which recalls the name of the Cuman clan Terteroba. George Terter I had at least one brother, named Aldimir (Eltimir), who was made a despot by either his older brother or by the regency for Ivan II.

格奥尔基·特尔特的出身不详，但据拜占庭的说法他是保加利亚人和库曼人的后裔（据说格奥尔基和可泰安汗有血缘关系）这一点通过他的双重名字得到了证实，这让人想起了库曼氏族泰特罗巴（可泰安汗就是这个氏族的首领）格奥尔基·特尔特至少有一个兄弟，名叫阿尔迪米尔（又叫埃尔蒂米尔），他要么是格奥尔基的哥哥，要么是帮助伊凡二世上位的摄政王。

When Ivan Asen III became Emperor at Tărnovo in 1279 during the Uprising of Ivaylo, he sought to strengthen his position by allying himself with George Terter. The latter divorced his first wife Maria, who was sent together with their son Theodore Svetoslav as a hostage to the Byzantine Empire, to marry Maria (Kira Maria), the sister of Ivan Asen III. George Terter was accordingly made a despot, the highest rank in the Byzantino-Bulgarian court hierarchy.

当伊凡·阿森三世（伊瓦伊洛战役的反派之一）在1279年伊瓦伊洛起义期间在大特尔诺沃成为沙皇时，他试图通过与格奥尔基·特尔特结盟来巩固自己的地位。格奥尔基·特尔特与第一任妻子玛丽亚离婚，玛丽亚与他们的儿子塞奥多利·斯维托斯拉夫一起被押为拜占庭帝国的人质，与伊凡·阿森三世的妹妹基拉·玛丽亚结婚。格奥尔基·特尔特因此成为统治者，身居拜占庭统治下的保加利亚宫廷的高位。

皇袍加身

The continued success of Ivaylo against Byzantine reinforcements led Ivan Asen III to flee the capital and escape to the Byzantine Empire, while George Terter I seized power as Emperor in 1280. With the threat from Ivaylo and Ivan Asen III removed, George Terter I made an alliance with King Charles I of Sicily, with Stefan Dragutin of Serbia, and with Thessaly against Michael VIII Palaiologos of the Byzantine Empire in 1281. The alliance failed as Charles was distracted by the Sicilian Vespers and the secession of Sicily in 1282, while Bulgaria was ravaged by the Mongols of the Golden Horde under Nogai Khan. Seeking Serbian support, George Terter I engaged his daughter Anna to the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin in 1284.

伊瓦伊洛与支援伊凡·阿森的拜占庭援军作战的接连胜利使得伊凡·阿森三世逃离首都，逃到拜占庭帝国，而格奥尔基·特尔特在1280年篡位（伊瓦伊洛第四关和第五关剧情）随着伊瓦伊洛和伊凡·阿森三世的威胁消除，1281年格奥尔基·特尔特与西西里国王查理一世以及塞尔维亚的斯蒂芬·德拉古廷结盟，在色萨利的问题上与拜占庭帝国的米哈伊尔八世·巴列奥略（伊瓦伊洛战役的大boss之一）发生冲突。由于1282年查理在西西里晚祷事件分散了注意力，联盟瓦解。保加利亚则被那海汗（伊瓦伊洛战役的另一个大boss）统治下的金帐汗国蒙古人铁蹄践踏。为了寻求塞尔维亚人的帮助，1284年格奥尔基·特尔特一世将他的女儿安娜交给了塞尔维亚国王斯蒂芬·乌罗什二世·米卢廷。

Since the death of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1282, George Terter I re-opened negotiations with the Byzantine Empire and sought the return of his first wife. This was eventually accomplished by treaty, and the two Marias exchanged places as empress and hostage. Theodore Svetoslav also returned to Bulgaria after a successful mission of Patriarch Joachim III and was made co-Emperor by his father, but after another Mongol invasion in 1285, he was sent off as a hostage to Nogai Khan. Theodore Svetoslav's other sister, Helena, was also sent to the Horde, where she married Nogai's son Chaka.

1282年，拜占庭皇帝米哈伊尔八世·巴列奥略去世以后，格奥尔基·特尔特重启了与拜占庭帝国的谈判，并寻求将他的第一任妻子赎回。最终谈判通过条约达成，两位玛丽亚互换了皇后和人质身份。在牧首约阿希姆三世的一次成功使命后，塞奥多利·斯维托斯拉夫也返回保加利亚，并被其父亲封为共治沙皇。但在1285年蒙古再次入侵，他被送走作为那海汗的人质。塞奥多利·斯维托斯拉夫的另一个妹妹海伦娜也被送到金帐汗国，在那里她嫁给了那海的儿子恰卡。

晚年亡命

For unknown reasons, though possibly under Mongol pressure, George Terter I sought refuge in the Byzantine Empire in 1292. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos at first refused to receive him, perhaps fearing complications with the Mongols, and George Terter was kept waiting in wretched conditions in the vicinity of Adrianople. The former Bulgarian Emperor was eventually sent to live in Anatolia. George Terter I passed the next decade of his life in obscurity. In 1301 his son Theodore Svetoslav, already Emperor of Bulgaria, defeated a Byzantine army and captured thirteen high-ranking officers, whom he exchanged for his father.

出于未知原因，可能是受到蒙古人的威胁，1292年，格奥尔基·特尔特一世到拜占庭帝国寻求庇护。拜占庭皇帝安德洛尼卡二世·巴列奥略起初拒绝接待他。可能是担心与蒙古人发生冲突，处于恶劣条件下的格奥尔基·特尔特一直在阿德里安堡（该城市在阿拉里克战役和阿提拉战役均有出现）附近等待。这位前保加利亚沙皇最终被送到安纳托利亚居住。格奥尔基·特尔特一世默默无闻地度过了他生命中的下一个十年。1301年，他的儿子，已经是保加利亚沙皇的塞奥多利·斯维托斯拉夫打败了拜占庭军队，俘虏了13名高级军官，并用他们交换了他的父亲。

In Bulgaria George Terter I was not associated in power by his son, but he was confined to luxurious life in a city chosen by his son. An inscription from a rock-cut church near Ivanovo laconically mentions the death of "Emperor Gergi" in the year 1308/1309.

在回到保加利亚后，格奥尔基·特尔特的儿子并没有给他实权，他只能在儿子选择的城市里安度晚年。伊凡诺沃附近一座岩洞教堂的铭文简洁地提到了“格尔吉沙皇”在1308或1309年的去世。