【TED演讲稿】共创残疾友好未来的四种方法

TED演讲者：Meghan Hussey / 梅根·赫西

演讲标题：4 ways to design a disability-friendly future / 共创残疾友好未来的四种方法

内容概要：Nearly fifteen percent of the world's population lives with a disability, yet this massive chunk of humanity is still routinely excluded from opportunities. Sharing her experience growing up with an autistic sister, disability inclusion advocate Meghan Hussey illuminates the path towards an inclusive future in four steps, and it starts with an attitude check on assumptions and stereotypes. Designing a world built for everyone is not a "nice to have," Hussey says -- it's critical to the fabric of society.

世界上有接近15%的总人口患有身心障碍，而这样庞大的群体却总是在日常中被拒之门外。梅根·赫西（Meghan Hussey）分享了她与自闭症姐姐一起成长的经历，作为一位残障共融倡议者，她提出四种方法，点亮了一条通往共融未来的道路，其第一步即摒弃先入为主的观念。创建一个属于每个人的世界，并不是一道的附加题，而是构建一个社会的关键所在。

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【1】I've never known life without disability.

我很难想象一个 没有身障人士的世界。

【2】Disability is where a physical or mental condition or impairment is combined with physical or social barriers that make it hard for a person to do certain things or interact with the world around them.

残障是指 生理或心理上的疾病或损伤 再加上物理或社会层面的障碍, 让人难以实现某些事情, 或是融入他们身边的一切。

【3】Disability is very diverse, with a wide range of experiences that can affect a person's ability to see, move, hear, learn, communicate or interact with others.

残障的种类非常广泛, 会带来各种体验, 影响身障人士的视觉、 行动、听觉、学习能力, 或是和他人沟通的能力。

【4】In my case, my sister Erin is autistic and has intellectual disabilities.

就我身边的例子来说,我姐姐艾琳 患有自闭症伴随智力障碍,

【5】She processes the world differently.

她有她自己的处世方式,

【6】She enjoys riding her bike, collecting rubber ducks, watching YouTube videos on repeat and spending the money she earns at work.

她喜欢骑自行车, 收集黄色小鸭, 反复看同一个Youtube影片, 也爱花自己工作赚来的钱。

【7】When she's really happy, she squeals and claps her hands.

开心的时候, 她会一边尖叫一边拍手。

【8】Though, for many people Erin is different, she is my normal.

即便如此,对很多人来说, 艾琳还是很不一样。 但对我来说,她再正常不过了。

【9】In my family, we were raised with the core value that different is not less.

父母从小教育我们 这样的核心价值观: 不同并不代表不足。

【10】But it was made clear to me that the rest of the world didn't always share this value.

但我很清楚, 世界上其他人不一定是这样想的。

【11】Like, I'll never forget, one time in middle school, my sister's aid had made a video of her learning how to communicate using speech and sign and thriving in an inclusive classroom where she was loved and accepted just for who she is.

我永远不会忘记在我中学的时候, 我姐姐的辅助人员做了一段影片, 是关于她如何用短句和手语 和别人沟通的, 如何在充满爱和包容的课堂中成长, 受到人们的接纳。

【12】And I brought it to school, wanting to share, to give my classmates the opportunity to learn more about autism, only to be told by my teacher that the faculty had decided against it to "protect" me from other students inevitably making fun of her.

我把这个影片带去学校 与同学们分享, 让他们有机会了解自闭症, 却被老师告知学校不允许我这样做, 所谓“保护”我 免受同学们对她的嘲笑。

【13】It was one of many instances that taught me what stigma was.

这只是羞辱我的其中一个例子而已。

【14】With every rude comment, when Erin would have a sensory meltdown in a public place, with every casual use of the slur retard, by even childhood friends of mine with every judgmental stare,

每一句粗鲁的措辞, 让艾琳在公共场合情绪崩溃, 每一次童年玩伴脱口而出“弱智”, 每一个充满嫌弃的眼神,

【15】I learned that the rest of the world didn't necessarily see Erin for the full human being that she is.

我明白世界上的其他人 不会把艾琳当作 一个健全的人去对待。

【16】Now, when I went off to college, I didn't know what role, if any, disability would play in my life outside my family.

在我离家上大学前, 我不知道身心障碍 在我的家庭之外, 对我而言会意味着什么。

【17】It wasn't until I studied abroad in China for my International Relations major that my personal background with disability and my career came together.

直到我去中国研读了国际关系学, 我与身障人士相处的经历, 从此和我的职业结合起来了。

【18】Through a class I was taking on social issues in Beijing, I had the opportunity to visit an autism school there and was introduced to a local disability rights advocacy organization.

我在北京上了一门 关于社会问题的课程, 恰巧有机会到访 那边一所自闭症学校, 又被介绍到当地一个 残疾人权益倡导协会,

【19】I ended up interning with them and got completely absorbed into that community.

最终我在那边实习 并完全融入了那一群人。

【20】I was finally able to see how my family's struggle was part of something much larger, and the magnitude of what I found actually shocked me.

我终于看到了我家庭所经历的困扰, 只是冰山一角, 问题大到令我难以置信。

【21】Over a billion people, an estimated 15 percent of the world's population, have some form of disability.

超过十亿人口, 也就是大概全球 15% 总人口, 患有不同形式的身心障碍。

【22】And persons with disabilities as a group worldwide face huge amounts of stigma and disadvantage.

世界各地的身障人士都同样 处于弱势地位并备受耻辱。

【23】Just to use education as an example, of the 240 million children with disabilities in the world, about 50 percent have never been to school.

就教育来说, 世界上有 2.4 亿的残障儿童, 其中一半没能上学。

【24】I was appalled that I had been studying global human rights at an Ivy League school, and even though the problem was so unbelievably huge, not once had disability really ever come up.

更让我震惊的是, 我一直在一所常春藤大学 研究全球人权议题, 而身障人士如此庞大的问题 却从来没有被提出过。

【25】So I decided to pivot, and I've spent the past decade in my career to disability inclusion in international development.

所以我决定转移研究方向, 在过去十年的职业生涯中, 我一直在努力发展 全世界对身障人士的包容。

【26】I returned to China on a Fulbright scholarship to do research on education and programs for autistic adolescents and adults.

我利用弗尔布莱特计划 发放的奖学金回到中国, 对自闭症青少年和成人教育 进行研究,并为他们开设专属项目。

【27】I then went on to do research or work with disability organizations in places like Tanzania, Ireland and South Africa.

我接着在一些国家, 如坦桑尼亚、爱尔兰和南非, 和当地的身障人士协会一起做研究。

【28】I now work globally with Special Olympics, using sport as a platform to teach and promote inclusive attitudes.

我现在在世界各地和特奥会一起, 用体育作为平台, 来发展人们对身障人士的包容态度。

【29】And what I found is that all over the world, even though countries' specific cultural context or systems might be different, the underlying problem of attitude barriers remains the same.

而我发现,全世界各个国家, 就算各自的文化背景不同, 造成身障人士遭受歧视 其根本问题是一样的。

【30】And the research backs me up.

研究表明我的假设是对的。

【31】The second most cited barriers to inclusion, after lack of data, is negative attitudes towards disability.

除了数据缺乏, 带来这种壁垒的第二大原因, 是人们对身心障碍的消极态度。

【32】What people don't realize is that exclusion hurts everyone.

人们没有意识到 这样的隔膜伤害了每一个人。

【33】The International Labour Organization estimates that disability exclusion costs low- and middle-income countries between three and seven percent of GDP.

据国际劳动组织预估, 人们对身障人士的排斥, 让中低收入国家 损失了 3% 到 7% GDP。

【34】But the opposite is also true.

反之亦然,

【35】Inclusion could help everyone.

包容则使得每个人都受益。

【36】Our research at Special Olympics has found that inclusive sport and youth leadership programming has benefits for youth, both with and without disabilities,

我们通过在特奥会的研究发现, 充满包容性的体育运动 和青年领导力项目, 对有无残疾的青年人都有好处,

【37】especially when it comes to developing key social and emotional skills everyone needs to succeed in an increasingly diverse and interconnected world.

尤其是对于一些 重要的社交和情感技能的发展。 每个人的成功都需要更多元发展 且紧密相连的世界。

【38】And this has held true in countries as different as the United States, China, India, Kenya and Greece.

这在不同国家都是如此, 不管在美国、中国, 还是印度、肯尼亚和希腊等。

【39】The good news is there are four things we all can do to make the future more inclusive.

好消息是, 我们可以做到这四件事 来成就未来更包容的社会。

【40】Number one, we need to reevaluate our own attitudes towards disability.

第一点, 我们需要重新审视 自己对身心障碍的态度。

【41】I still get questions about whether it is "realistic"

我常被问到一类问题,

【42】to include persons with disabilities in international development programs when even the so-called regular people are struggling.

比如,把身障人士列入国际发展计划 到底实不实际？ 毕竟连所谓的“普通人” 都还在为生活苦苦挣扎。

【43】There are still too many stereotypes that associate disability with pity, and we're still living with social systems and physical structures that segregate people with disabilities.

仍有太多刻板印象 将残疾与怜悯联系在一起, 我们也仍然生活在一个 身障人士被区隔开的 社会制度和物质结构中。

【44】So fewer people have it as part of their everyday experience, and it still makes them really uncomfortable.

所以很少人把他们当作 生活应有的一部分, 这也让身障人士感到无比不适。

【45】We need to re-evaluate these attitudes.

我们需要重新审视这些心态。

【46】Needing accommodation or support does not make a person any less deserving of dignity and respect.

需要调整或协助, 并不意味着他们 在尊严和尊重上矮人一截。

【47】This is a matter of justice and equity, not charity.

这是关于公平和正义的问题, 而不是公益。

【48】Second, choose to include.

第二,主动包容。

【49】Solving this issue is not just a matter of policy.

解决这个问题不只关乎政治。

【50】There are plenty of countries that have disability laws on the books or have signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,

很多国家有立法保护残障人士, 或是签署了 《联合国残障人士权利公约》。

【51】but there is still a huge gap between what is written in policy and what actually happens in practice.

但在政策内容与实际情况之间, 仍然存在巨大差距。

【52】And this comes down to all of us.

而这都会是我们所有人的责任。

【53】We can put pressure on governments to make sure that laws are actually implemented.

我们可以向政府施压, 来推动法律得到切实执行。

【54】But we can also look at where we have the power to effect change.

但我们也可以看看 我们自身能为此付出什么,

【55】We should be looking at organizations' diversity, equity and inclusion strategies and see where we can be doing better.

我们应该看到公益团体为多样性、 公平性和包容性所做的行为, 然后看看我们能改进什么。

【56】Too often we still fall short of recognizing disability as part of human diversity.

很多时候,我们并没有意识到, 残疾人是人类多样性的一部分。

【57】We would all benefit by not only accommodating but actively supporting and including persons with disabilities in the workplace.

如果职场中, 不仅为残疾人提供一份工作, 还主动为他们提供帮助, 接纳他们, 我们自身也会受益。

【58】Third, we need to recognize where disability intersects with every issue area.

第三,我们需要意识到 残疾与每个问题领域的交叉点。

【59】When we talk about gender equity, we need to be inclusive of women with disabilities who are actually more likely to be victims of gender-based violence.

当我们谈到性别平等的时候, 我们需要将身障女性列入考量, 她们是更容易受到性别暴力的群体。

【60】When we talk about global health and health systems, we need to be inclusive of persons with disabilities who are more likely to have poor health outcomes, often not because of their actual disability but because of stigma and lack of access to care.

当我们讨论全球卫生和卫生系统时, 我们也应该包含身障人士, 他们更可能会有健康问题, 通常不是生理条件的缺陷所带来的, 而是因为羞耻感和 缺乏获取医疗护理的途径。

【61】Everyone has something they can do to make their work more inclusive.

我们每个人都能 为社会包容尽一份心力,

【62】And together, these collective efforts can result in the cultural shift that we need.

并且共同努力, 这样的合作最终能实现 我们所需要的社会转变。

【63】Finally, and most importantly, don't just listen to me.

最后,最重要的是, 不要只听我说。

【64】Listen to persons with disabilities themselves.

去聆听身障人士他们的心声。

【65】All over the world, there are incredible self advocates.

全世界各地, 有很多为自身群体发声的倡议者。

【66】Like my friend and colleague Ben, who is both legally blind and has intellectual disability and who successfully advocated to the DC Department of Transportation

我有一个朋友兼同事叫做本, 他是法律认定的盲人 及智力残障人士, 他成功向哥伦比亚特区 交通部提出建议,

【67】to get voice and sound added to the crosswalks near our office to make it safe for him and people like him to cross the street going to work.

在我们办公室附近的人行道上, 添加语音系统, 让他和像他一样的行人 穿过马路去上班的时候, 就安全了许多。

【68】Or Brina from the Philippines, whose parents were told upon her Down syndrome diagnosis that they shouldn't set their expectations too high, but who has become an assistant preschool teacher and a UNESCO champion for inclusion in education.

来自菲律宾的布丽娜, 她的双亲被告知她患有唐氏症, 所以不要对她抱太大希望。 但她成为了学前助理教师, 以及联合国教科文组织的 教育包容倡导者。

【69】Or Haseeb, who has actually been on a TEDx stage before me to speak out against the stigma he has faced as an autistic young person in Pakistan.

还有哈希布, 他之前踏上过TEDx这个舞台, 讲述他作为一个自闭症年轻人,在巴基斯坦被羞辱的经历。

【70】And I could go on and on and on with others who have shared their lived experience of disability in books, speeches, blogs, podcasts and social media.

还有很多很多其他人, 分享了作为身障人士的生活经验, 在书籍、演讲、博客、 广播和社交媒体上。

【71】When you're looking for ways to make your work more inclusive, seek out the voices of persons with disabilities.

如果你正在想办法让自己更加包容, 去寻求身障人士的建议,

【72】Really take the time to listen to what they have to say and follow their lead.

花时间好好聆听他们的心声, 跟着他们的脚步。

【73】Disability has always been and will always be a part of my life.

残疾一直以来都是我生活的一部分,

【74】Erin and I deserve to live in a world where she has more opportunities to be supported and included.

艾琳和我都值得活在 这样一个世界, 一个她更应该被支持和包容的世界。

【75】Erin, Ben, Brina and Haseeb are only four out of over a billion people who are just trying to find belonging and live their best lives in a world that was not designed for them.

艾琳、本、布丽娜和哈希比, 他们只是数十亿人中的其中四人, 他们只是想要在这个 并非为他们量身打造的世界, 找到归属感, 过上最好的生活。

【76】Indeed, a world that was designed to hold them back.

诚然,这个世界 给他们设下了艰难险阻。

【77】Not because it had to be that way, but because people built systems around attitudes that other and exclude them.

这并不是这个世界原先的样子。 而是因为人为建成的系统, 都基于排斥残障人士的 社会态度之上。

【78】And all of those people have family members like me whose lives are shaped by this issue and communities who are affected, whether they realize it or not.

在这个社会体系中, 有像我这样的家庭成员。 无论他们是否意识到, 他们的生活以及所在社区, 都被残障这个问题牵制着。

【79】Disability inclusion is not something nice that we do for those people.

残疾包容并不是 我们为残障人士做的好事,

【80】It is something critical that needs to come from all of us.

而是我们所有人都需要做的重要事情。

【81】Thank you.

谢谢。

【82】(Applause)