新探索研究生英语提高级读写教程Unit 4 Change答案（U校园）

Academic exploration 1

Reading & understanding

一、Getting the skill

1、Asking questions while reading a text

视频中选择题的答案是：C

三、Understanding the text

1、Comprehension

1）transportation links

2）free trade

3）pride

4）tax payers

5）vacant buildings

6）regenerating

四、Language focus

 2、Words in use(可拖动，注意变型)

1）instill

2）staple

3）curtail

4）allocated (加d)

5）disregard

6）efficacy

7)  demolish

8)  rebounding (加ing)

3、Translation

1）一些专家说，全球化和日益提高的自动化程度已导致世界上一些地区制造业水平下滑。

2）经济重组所带来的影响很深远，但对失业人员的影响更甚。

3）在城市化的背景下，工业区振兴是指对土地、建筑物和综合楼群的使用做适应性调整以改变其功能并进一步使用。

4）医疗质量的提高和人口老龄化使老年癌症患者的幸存人数激增，其中许多人有多种复杂的健康问题。

5）研究人员在10家医院进行了一项试验，以评估针灸治疗慢性疼痛综合征的长期疗效。

Thinking & exploring

一、Interpreting the text

1、Interpreting the text

1）What can you mainly get from Para. 1 of the text?

答案：Para. 1 states clear the objective of the paper which is to evaluate the benefits and challenges of three regeneration initiatives.

2）What does the author introduce in Para. 2?

答案：The history of the Rust Belt and why regeneration is needed.

3）How can we know the industry landscape is changing?

答案：We know the industry landscape is changing from the following phenomena:Companies began to move manufacturing bases southwest. Automation forced many people out of work. Free trade agreements reduced domestic demand, which was strengthened by globalization and foreign monetary policies.

4）Why does the author quote Rogerson's words in Para. 3?

答案：The author quotes Rogerson's words to support and strengthen the point that tourist attractions must be managed carefully to ensure they are of benefit. This means that tourism needs long-term management and must be handled with "a total tourism portfolio" for its sustainability and a positive image. Besides, the portfolio must enhance the lives of local people and visitors, build a brand and instill a sense of pride in local people.

5）What is the key word of the economic restructuring initiative? What does it mean?

答案：Diversification. Diversification means producing new knowledge, innovations, and cutting-edge technologies or being a light, flexible manufacturer to revitalize the industry in one region.

6）What does "smart decline" mean according to the text?

答案：It means reducing the size of the city and focusing on improving the lives of existing residents rather than exhausting city resources to attract people from other places. Yet this approach has not been used extensively and its efficacy in regenerating a region has not been proven.

7）What does the author suggest at the end of the text?

答案：A two-pronged approach is suggested, namely using tourism and commerce to improve the local economy in order to increase the standard of living for the existing population without trying to return to the population sizes of the past.

Academic exploration 2

Reading & understanding

二、Understanding the text

1、Comprehension 1

1）Para.1—— C.Companies'...

2）Para.2——D.The necessity...

3）Para.3——E....a three-stage...

4）Para.4——B....an eight-step...

5）Para.5——A.A general...

6）Para.6——G.Explanation...

7）Para.4——I.Introduction...

8）Para.5——F.A detailed...

9）Para.6——H.An overall...

2、Comprehension 2

1）A B

2）A B

3）A

4）C

5）A B

6）C

7）B

8）A B C

三、Language focus

2、Words in use(可拖动，注意变型)

1）blatantly

2）transition

3）avert

4）incorporate

5）autonomy

6）robust

7)  incentivize

3、Translation

1)  更多资金将涌入未来自动驾驶汽车的研发中，使半导体成为汽车行业的增长机会，这个行业目前正因停滞的销量而苦苦挣扎。

2）教授可以创建一个让所有学生使用的模板，这样所有的作业都能保持一致的样式。

3)  根据近期发布的一项分析，今年全球温室气体排放量将出现创纪录的下降，但从大气中几乎察觉不到。

4)  在所有这些研究中，经常发现在基因不同的夫妇身上出现了这种健康关联的现象，这与之前许多其他研究的发现是一致的。

Thinking & exploring

一、Interpreting the text

1、Interpreting the text

1）Why does the author mention mountain climbing at the beginning of the text?

答案：By mentioning mountain climbing, the author makes an analogy by comparing leading businesses to a climber reaching a mountain peak, to illustrate that keeping changing is extremely important and climbing to further heights should be what leading businesses strive for.

2）Why do companies need to change according to Para. 2?

答案：The market is changing fast. Without continued creativity, a business will become stagnant, lose its competitive edge, and very quickly find itself behind the times. Therefore, companies cannot stop and lie on the success achieved so far. Keep changing is necessary to keep moving forward.

3）Why does the author introduce Lewin's model first?

答案：Because it is a pioneering theory that helped people realize the need for change management. It was put forward much earlier than other more recent models and has been highly influential.

4）What are the eight steps of Kotter's model? What do you think is the most striking advantage of Kotter's model?

答案：The eight steps are creating a sense of urgency, guiding the leading coalition, developing a change vision, communicating the vision, empowering broad-based action, generating short-term wins, never letting up, and incorporating changes into the culture. I think the biggest advantage is that Kotter's model provides a more robust template for change management that business leaders can follow to build a detailed plan.

5）What motivated Fisher to put forward his model of personal change?

答案：Fisher realized that one reason for the high failure rate of change management strategies is that businesses focus solely on systems and exclude people. As he believed that success comes from systems and people going hand in hand, Fisher put forward the model of personal change.

6）Why does the author share the story of an accounting manager in Para. 8?

答案：The story is shared to provide an example of Fisher's model and illustrate the series of emotions that one goes through when experiencing change in an organization. By doing so, the author can make readers better understand how each emotion is triggered and what the ups and downs of one's emotions imply in the process of change management.

7）What will you focus on if you continue introducing Fisher's model with more paragraphs?

答案：The focus will be on specific ways of managing those feelings brought by change. Key methods will be introduced first, followed by elaborations on what steps to follow and what managers should be cautious of.

三、Getting the skill

1、Recognizing analogies

视频中选择题的答案是：A

2、Practicing the skill 1

1）How some companies have been too slow to innovate.

答案：Admiring the view too long on a mountain without realizing there are more to climb.

2）The task of creating and implementing a change management strategy.

答案：An uphill struggle.

3）Lewin's Unfreeze, Change, Refreeze model.

答案：Melting a block of ice in one shape, changing it into another shape, and solidifying the new shape.

4）People's individual experiences of change.

答案：Crossing from one peak to another.

3、Practicing the skill 2

第一部分

1）Read the following paragraph and figure out how the writer explains new concepts with the help of analogy.

答案：Two analogies are used in this paragraph. First, the writer uses an analogy to explain evolution, comparing it to a blind giant rolling a snowball down a hill. Second, the writer compares the circumstances during the evolution process to the flakes of the ball. In this way, contingencies in evolution are vividly presented.

第二部分

1）Read the following paragraph and figure out how the writer explains new concepts with the help of analogy.

答案：The writer connects our brain with our mouth based on the similarity that the lymphatic system excludes both. By describing how the enzymes in saliva cleanse our mouth, he or she explains how our cerebrospinal fluid cleanses our brain.

Critical thinking

一、Getting the skill

1、Inferring criticism

视频中选择题的答案是：B

2、Practicing the skill 1

1）Read Para. 1 of the text "Leadership and Change Management." Write down the words and expressions which show criticism.

答案：… while other companies have mistakenly spent far too long looking at the scenery, not appreciating that further heights were there to be scaled.

3、Practicing the skill 2

1）Read the text "Leadership and Change Management" again. Decide whether the author is critical of the things below. Find evidence from the text to support your point and write it down.

答案：

The author is critical of:

2 (… while other companies have mistakenly spent far too long looking at the scenery, not appreciating that further heights were there to be scaled.)

4 (It is the final stage which companies may struggle to apply in today's fast-moving world …)

5 (Yet one of the principal reasons … Focusing solely on systems and excluding people could be …)

The author is not critical of:

1 (Many high-profile companies understand that they still have a mountain to climb, while …)

6 (… provides businesses with a comprehensive and solid understanding of how much of an impact change may have on employees across the board.)

The author is both critical and not critical of:

3 not critical: (… planning and executing a change strategy can be an uphill struggle …); critical: (… with organizations often withdrawing strategies at the first sign of difficulty.)

Academic writing

Writing model

一、Essay prompt

1、Essay prompt

1）How is a summary structured? What is included in a summary?

答案：A summary generally consists of an introduction and a body part, with the conclusion part being optional. In a summary, the following elements are usually included:

Information about the original article: full name of the writer, title of the source, date of publication, background information regarding the article.

The thesis statement and the main points of the original article.

2）What are the important points for summary writing?

答案：The important points to keep in mind in summary writing:

Use your own words and writing styles to express the writer's ideas.

Present only the most important ideas of the original article.

二、Model analysis

1、Task 1

1）commitment

2）efficacy

3）resolve

4）capabilities

5）situational

6）interrelated

7）consistent

8）interaction

2、Task 2

1）Identify the sentence that presents the main idea of the original article.

答案：

The first two sentences present the main idea.

2）Identify the purpose of the rest of the summary.

答案：The rest of the summary supports the first two sentences and introduces the main points of the original paper.

3）Write down the language that is used to attribute ideas to other writers.

答案：Bryan J. Weiner proposes a definition of …

He argues that …

According to Weiner, …

In his theory, …

Weiner cites Bandura (1997) and Maddux (1995) …

The author concludes this section by …

The author cites Klein and Kozlowski (2000) …

Language for writing

一、Vocabulary development

1、Attributive language

第一部分

1）Scan the text "Leadership and Change Management" and write down the words or expressions used to attribute information to researchers.

答案：He suggests that if you have a square block of ice, … (Para. 3)

For this reason, John M. Fisher (2005) developed a model of personal change … (Para. 7)

Fisher suggests this course of action will cause the manager to feel anxiety … (Para. 8)

第二部分

1）D.endorses

2）B.examined

3）A.disagrees

4）D.predominantly

5）C.make

6）D.compare

第三部分

1）According to (首字母大写)

2）observation

3）concluded (加d)

4）evidence

5）Writing (首字母大写)

6）recommended (加ed)

7）advised (加d)

二、Grammar

1、Participle clauses

第一部分

1）As some staff members heard about the changes, they became angry.

答案：On hearing about the changes, some staff members became angry.

2）Some staff members resigned because they did not welcome change.

答案：Not welcoming change, some staff members resigned.

3）After they outlined the need for change, managers received positive feedback from the staff.

答案：After outlining the need for change, managers received positive feedback from the staff.

4）All staff received training and successfully coped with the changes.

答案：Having received training, all staff successfully coped with the changes.

5)If they are implemented appropriately, change strategiescan succeed.

答案：Implemented appropriately, change strategies can succeed.

第二部分

1）Communicated

2）Having persisted

3）Having accepted

4）investigating

5）hearing

6）Agreed

Writing skill

一、Getting the skill

2、Practicing the skill 1

1）Read the following excerpt from "People and Process: Successful Change Management Initiatives" (Fusch et al., 2020) and explain how the authors integrate sources in their writing.

答案：In the excerpt, the authors use a paraphrase and a direct quotation to integrate sources.

3、Practicing the skill 2

1）Write a paraphrase of the direct quotation from Heins (2012).

答案：According to Heins (2012), this approach attaches importance to strategies that help improve the lives of existing residents instead of using up city resources through hopeless efforts to increase population.

Or:

Heins (2012) claims that this approach attaches importance to strategies that help improve the lives of existing residents instead of using up city resources through hopeless efforts to increase population.

2）Write a summary of the whole paragraph using one or two sentences.

答案：The author introduces a new idea that reducing city size is more effective as against pursing growth policies. The author quotes Heins (2012) to show what this new approach is aimed at and cites Lee and Newman (2017) to provide evidence for its real-life application.