【龙腾网】中国开启核能“人造太阳”

正文翻译

China turns on nuclear-powered 'artificial sun' (upxe)

中国开启核能“人造太阳”

The HL-2M Tokamak reactor is China's largest and most advanced nuclear fusion experimental research device and can reach temperatures of over 150 million degrees Celsius

托卡马克反应堆是中国最大的最先进的核聚变实验研究装置，目前其装置（核心）温度已超过1.5亿摄氏度以上

China successfully powered up its "artificial sun" nuclear fusion reactor for the first time, state media reported Friday, marking a great advance in the country's nuclear power research capabilities.

据官方媒体周五报道，中国首次成功启动了“人造太阳”核聚变反应堆，这标志着中国核电研究能力的一伟大进步。

It uses a powerful magnetic field to fuse hot plasMa and can reach temperatures of over 150 million degrees Celsius, according to the People's Daily—approximately ten times hotter than the core of the sun.

据《人民日报》报道，该装置利用强大的磁场来融合热等离子体，其（核心）温度可以达到1.5亿摄氏度以上，约为太阳核心温度的10倍。

Located in southwestern Sichuan province and completed late last year, the reactor is often called an "artificial sun" on account of the enormous heat and power it produces.

该反应堆位于中国西南部的四川省，于去年年底完工。由于该装置可产生巨大热量和能量而常被称为“人造太阳”。

"The development of nuclear fusion energy is not only a way to solve China's strategic energy needs, but also has great significance for the future sustainable development of China's energy and national economy," said the People's Daily.

《人民日报》表示:“核聚变能源的发展不仅是解决中国能源战略需求的途径，而且对未来中国能源和国民经济的可持续发展具有重大意义。”

Chinese scientists have been working on developing sMaller versions of the nuclear fusion reactor since 2006.

自2006年以来，中国科学家一直致力于开发小型核聚变反应堆。

They plan to use the device in collaboration with scientists working on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor—the world's largest nuclear fusion research project based in France, which is expected to be completed in 2025.

他们计划与国际上研究热核实验反应科学家合作使用该设备。世界上最大的核聚变研究项目位于法国，预计将于2025年完工。

Fusion is considered the Holy Grail of energy and is what powers our sun.

核聚变被誉为能量圣杯，人造太阳。

It merges atomic nuclei to create massive amounts of energy—the opposite of the fission process used in atomic weapons and nuclear power plants, which splits them into fragments.

通过将原子核合并以产生大量的能量，这与核武器和核电站使用的裂变过程相反，裂变过程将原子核分裂成更小的原子碎片。

But achieving fusion is both extremely difficult and prohibitively expensive, with the total cost of ITER estimated at $22.5 billion.

但实现核聚变非常困难，而且成本高得令人生畏，（位于法国在建）国际热核实验反应堆总成本预计耗费225亿美元。

评论翻译

jumbomingus
Lmao, any tiny spark in a tokamak is a fucking “artificial sun” to the editor of online media.
It’s gotten so that I don’t even click the article until after I read some comments because of this style of hyperbole.

笑死我了，对网媒小编来说，托卡马克上产生的任何微小火花都TM可以叫做“人造太阳”。
看着这种震惊体标题我才点进来看的，直到我读到后面的一些评论后，我才去看楼主引用的文章。

themorningmosca
Samesies:)

彼此 :)

WeLLrightyOH
Yeah any fusion of hydrogen into helium is technically an artificial sun. Editors really know how spice these headlines up.

没错，从技术上讲，氢聚变成氦都可以叫做人造太阳。小编知道这种震惊体标题会勾起人们兴趣的。

ChiTown_Bound
My question is, what contains all the heat from the fusion? How does something 10x as hot as the core of the Sun not just burn a hole through everything?

我在想，聚变产生的所有热量咋处理?一个10倍于太阳核心温度的物体难道不会把一切都给烧穿吗?

punman5
This country has proven how successful crash programs can be. The Manhattan Project and the Apollo program both not only achieved their goals within their time frxs, but also led to significant spin offs in technology as much of the research done had applications outside the programs. The reality of science and engineering is that you have to be willing to put the time and resources into it if you ever want to see the end product. It’s a large but relatively short term expense for a long term result that benefits all of society.

这个国家证明了追赶计划可以做到多成功！曼哈顿计划和阿波罗计划不仅在规定的时间内实现了目标，而且还在这些技术上发展出好多相当厉害的副产品，因为很多已经完成的研究都在计划之外得到了应用。科学和工程的现实是，如果你想看到最终产品，你就必须在这上面投入时间和资源。虽然是一项巨大但相对短期的投入，但却得到可以长期惠及全社会的科研成果。

jumbomingus
That spherical tokamak in the UK is on the right track and iirc it has every chance of being net positive in a decade or so.

英国环形托卡马克装置很具有发展前途。国际热核实验反应堆装置有望在10年左右时间出成果

sdf_iain
So the question becomes “How much money will China put into fusion?”
Can they drop a ton on fusion? And if they do, when do they have an energy surplus?

所以问题就变成了“中国会在核聚变上投入多少?”“他们要开始大力发展核聚变吗?要是这样，他们什么时候能达到能量净输出?

trelium06
Every. Single. 10. Years.

要想完全达到实用，10年吧

Jpf123
What’s a Tokamak Fusion Reactor?

托卡马克聚变反应堆到底是个啥？

Iain_MS
A specific type of fussion reactor.
Essentially it is designed to use superheated plasMa contained by powerful magnetic fields to fuse hydrogen isotopes into helium releasing large amounts of energy.
It is still experimental at this stage.

一种特殊类型的熔融反应堆。从本质上说，它的设计目的是利用强大磁场中的过热等离子体将氢同位素聚变为氦，进而释放出大量的能量。不过现在还处于试验阶段。

StoicGoof
Personally, I wish ANY whom are developing clean fusion, the best of luck. I think the competition will be nothing but beneficial.

就我个人而言，我祝愿所有开发清洁核聚变的人好运。我认为这场竞争只会带来好处。

skuttlebuckets59
After reading these comments I don’t think many people know the difference between fusion and fission and what clean nuclear power means. For those reading, fusion is the goldmine of energy. You basically are taking sMall, light atoms (ie H He Li) and fusing them with other sMall atomic nuclei to create a large atom in the process. This releases an incredible amount of energy, much more so than typical fission nuclear reactor plants. I can’t wait for fusion nuclear to take off.

看了各位的评论之后，我觉得很多人都不知道核聚变和核裂变的区别，也不知道清洁核能意味着什么。对上过学的人来说，核聚变就是能量宝库。你基本上是把小而轻的原子(即H和Li)和其他小的原子核进行融合，在这个过程中产生一个大的原子。融合过程中释放出难以置信的能量，比典型的裂变核反应堆所产生的能量要大得多。我都等不及核聚变成功了。

ex143
If I remember right, prolonged exposure to free neutrons does cause materials to themselves to become unstable isotopes, so fusion does have end of life disposal problems.
But that's low grade nuclear waste and can be dealt with fairly easy.

如果我没记错的话，长时间暴露在中子照射下确实会导致材料自身变成不稳定的同位素，所以核聚变确实会有核废料处理的问题。但折中废料基本无害，处理起来比较容易。

CaptainBlobTheSuprem
While fission is fucking terrifying, like atomic bomb terrifying, fusion is pretty tame. The main idea is make some hydrogen get really fucking hot until it slams into each other and becomes helium. Worst case is that the containment is breaches and the plasMa cools back down to gas.

核裂变就跟原子弹一样可怕，但核聚变却相当温顺。主要思想是让一些把氢加热到离子状态，直到它们相撞变成氦。最坏的情况是，反应容器破裂，等离子体变凉回归气态。

HeyBuddys813
No black holes will be created right?

黑洞不会被制造出来吧，是吧？

Obsidiate_
Do you genuinely think if China achieves it first, they'llShare it b) Use it for generally positive purpose?

你认为中国真的能第一个实现吗？如果实现了a）他们能分享么？b）他们会应用在正面用途上吗？

StoicGoof
Answering B first, wouldn't you say getting 1.393 Billion people(and the industries that support them) off of fossil fuels is a positive purpose?
A> If they wish to slow/stop/reverse climate change damage, I think they'd better share with the other 6.2 Billion of us.
However, I am sure seeing them achieve it would inspire others to do the same.

先回答下B问题，让一个13.93亿人口的国家摆脱化石燃料难道不属于正面用途？如果他们希望减缓/停止/逆转气候变化的破坏，我认为他们最好和其他62亿人一起分享。不过，我确信其他国家看到他们成功也会激励自己加油的。

balseranapit
Yes. They will. They will sell the technology or build one by Chinese company in other countries. In the way how the global economics work.

是的。他们会。他们会出售技术或中国公司出国帮助其他国家建造。这就是全球经济运作的方式。

feelings_arent_facts
China participates in ITER so that is probably where they are sucking out the tech.

中国参与了国际热核实验反应堆项目（ITER），所以这里可能是他们吸收技术的地方。

HaMMeReD
China is a member of ITER, this is generating science that gets contributed to that project. So A is already true here, as much as people hate China, they are a member nation in the program and contributing to it's success.

中国是ITER的成员，它们的科技为这个项目做出了贡献。所以分享不会有问题，尽管人们不待见中国，但他们是这个项目的成员并为这个项目的成功做出了贡献。

FloopsMcGee
All competition is beneficial

所有的竞争都是有益的

nbracy5
Im sorry, but this is definitely NOT the year to turn on a nuclear powered artificial sun.

不好意思，今年还远不是开启核能人造太阳的那一年。

faverett28
Maybe we can use the light to kill corona virus. That way we don’t have to waste all our bleach on injections /s

也许我们可以用光杀死新冠病毒，这样的话我们就不用把漂白剂浪费在注射上了

faverett28
More suns should help our global warming situation for sure

人造太阳越多就越能进一步解决全球变暖问题

nbracy5
Is the artificial Sun heavier than the earth??

人造太阳会比地球沉么？

harleyquinnUwU
But definitely the year for Spider-man

今年绝对是产生蜘蛛侠的元年

CheesyRamen66
I always hear we’re only 20 years out from doing that.

无论什么时候我都是听说还需要20年。

26oclock
China is allright. They even celebrated Oktoberfest recently.

中国肯定没问题，他们最近甚至还举办啤酒节庆祝呢。

TRKlausss
I‘m sorry: how is nuclear fusion renewable? I accept that it is clean, I accept that their resources are abundant, and I accept that it is efficient. But how is it renewable?

不明白，核聚变那里是可再生的?我接受它是干净的，我接受它的燃料资源是丰富的，我接受它是高效的。但是它怎么是再生的呢?

umair_101
Hydrogen is the fuel source

氢是燃料来源

A-Faris
The magnets aren’t used to fuse the plasMa, they’re used to keep the plasMa floating away from the walls of the reactor. That way it doesnt have to be made of some magically heat immune material.

磁体不是用来聚合等离子体的，而是用来让等离子体远离反应堆壁。这样的话，它就勿需用什么神奇的耐热材料制造了。

ISpikInglisVeriBest
This isn't the first operational fusion reactor and they all work the same way, fundamentally.
They fuse light atoms together and produce heat, "just like the sun".
The article title takes that comparison and goes to town with it, while making it sound like the Chinese just invented fusion, which is false.

这并不是第一个运行的核聚变反应堆，从根本上来说，它们的工作方式都是差不多的。
它们将轻原子融合在一起并产生热量，“就像太阳一样”。
这篇文章的标题采用了这一比拟，但却让人们感觉它就像是被中国人刚刚发明了了一样，这是错。

FicklePromise9006
I understand the difference, there are lots of fusion reactors, but none have made worth while net positive results..

我明白其中的区别，现在有很多核聚变反应堆，但是没有一个是有价值的。

jambottoms
Meanwhile, Americans debate the existence of viruses.

与此同时，美国人还在争论新冠病毒是不是到底真的有呢

Iantrigue
But achieving fusion is both extremely difficult and prohibitively expensive, with the total cost of ITER estimated at $22.5 billion.
That doesn’t sound all that expensive given context.... HS2 I something like £100b and that’s just a train going half the length of England.

但实现核聚变非常困难，而且成本高吓人，ITER的总成本估计为225亿美元。
在特定背景下，这听起来并不是很贵……英国2号铁路线造价约1000亿英镑，这还只是一列才能走半个英格兰的高铁。

Crakla
France spend over 50 billion to build 6 fission reactor which are still not finished after 15 years

法国花费500多亿美元建6个裂变反应堆，可15年后还没盖完呢！

Oswald_Bates
Well, it is the French, we have to assume at some point they’ll just give up.

好吧，这是法国，我认为他们肯定会在某个时刻放弃（投降）的！

sioux612
That doesn't seem overly propaganda like.
It's just an article about them powering up their attempt at a fusion reactor for the first time.
There aren't even any claims in there that would need to be fact checked.

这看起来并不像是夸大宣传。这只是一篇关于他们第一次尝试核聚变反应堆的文章。里面甚至没有任何需要去核实的声明。

Slur-a-Lago
I wonder how many Mandela Effects were created when this powered on.

我想知道当这台机器启动时，产生了多少曼德拉效应。（注：曼德拉效应，自己的记忆和记录的历史不相符，比如80年代的南非总统曼德拉，很多人记忆里他在80年代死在狱中，但他实际实在2013年才去世，导致部分人记忆混乱。词条解释：知乎）

badApple128
Somehow, I always doubt any legitimate scientific advancement from China. Everything is rushed over there and their results and claims are often over-exaggerated

不知怎么的，我总是怀疑来自中国任何科学突破的正统性。什么都有一种匆忙上马的感觉，他们的结果和主张往往都被夸大了

Murdock07
We have a big problem in the research community with low quality articles getting published. It allows China to “produce more research than any other nation”, but at a very subpar quality. Unless they pick up the same standards as American journals it’s hard to really tell what’s legit and what’s bullshit. There is a reason why they send so many of their graduate students to america to get trained/published

他们在研究领域有一个大问题，就是发表的文章质量很低。他们要求“比其他任何国家产生更多的研究成果”，但质量非常差。除非他们采用与美国期刊相同的标准，否则很难真正区分什么是正统的，什么是扯淡。他们把这么多研究生送到美国搜寻或发表是有原因的

crothwood
That doesn't scan. Why would they intentionally ignore the legitimate ones? I think you are highly overexagerating

那是你没细看。他们为什么要故意忽视正统性?我认为你太夸大其词了

JohnnEy93
It started in China, it’ll end in China.

始于中国，终于中国

EatYourPain
I think anyone whos watched James Bond die another day knows this is a bad idea

我想任何看过007死的人都知道这是个坏主意

middayautumn
Spider-Man 2

蜘蛛人2？

Admiral_Perlo
Propaganda article, nothing new under the sun. The real deal is happening in Françe with the ITER Project, that’s what I would watch out for in a 10 year window.

宣传文章，这个人造太阳不算新鲜事。真正的大事件是法国的人造太阳计划，这将是我在10年的时间里要关注的。

pmax83
That's space force's lunch money. That's why

那是太空部队的午饭钱。 这就是为什么

marauderingman
First, you get the money. Then, you get the power.

首先你得先有钱才能有能力

kicksomedicks
Good thing the US spent 5X that bailing out 600 billionaires. Who want unlimited clean energy anyway?

好消息是，既然美国帮助自家600名亿万富翁纾困解花费的钱是这个数字的5倍。 那还谁想要无限的清洁能源呢?

noriyukik
It’s nothing than a artificial fire ball isn’t it?

这不就是一个人造火球吗，难道不是?

Imyoteacher
America is still trying to revive Coal and summon Angels from Africa.

美国还在想复兴煤炭产业，从非洲召唤奴隶呢！

kraenk12
Something the West hast been doing for decades.

这是西方几十年来一直在做的事情。

PWEI
This is gonna end badly

这将会是一个很糟的结局

billydude928
Huge progress!

这绝对是个巨大进步

evolutionxtinct
Don’t worry they most likely stole it from someone else.

别感慨了！没准他们是从别人那里偷来的技术呢！

amcsdmi
Wow, Sichuan even has the spiciest nuclear reactors.

哇，四川可算是有最辣的核反应堆呦。

PrimaryExchange1
I wonder what country they stole the designs from...

我就想知道他们是从哪个国家偷来的设计…

naeads
Russia probably. They designed the concept first.

可能是俄罗斯。是他们首先设计了这个概念。

diomsidney
Or who!

难道就没别人了？

N3UROTOXIN
Umm...they were the first ones to turn on a fusion reactor years ago. It listed less than a second but they did. Then germany did.

嗯…… 他们是几年前启动核聚变反应堆的第一波人。产生的输出才不到一秒，但他们做到了。 而后就是德国了。

Mr_Owl42
If China got net-positive energy from fusion power, the US would immediately sell off the souls of its robber-barron energy oligarchy and develop fusion power to maintain military dominance. So China doing it first will make the US do it better. It'll be a second cold war, but this time with raw energy - magnets and lasers. Invest in magnets and lasers.

如果中国从核聚变中获得能量输出，美国将立即抛弃传统能源转而全力发展核聚变以维持其军事统治地位。 所以让中国先走一步会逼得美国做得更好。 这将是第二次冷战，但这一次使用的是原始能源——磁体和激光。 加大磁体和激光的投入吧。

homie42085
Havent they done enough to fuck up the world

他们把这个世界搞的还不足够糟吗

FUDGEPOOP
No considering your iPhone, PlayStation, Xbox, speakers, tv, cars, airplanes, are all built in China. So no if anything they’ve allowed the rest of the world to live a comfy life.

难道不知道你的iPhone、PlayStation、Xbox、音箱、电视、汽车、飞机都是中国造的吗？所以，搞糟不可能的。当然。如果有什么区别的话，那就是是他们让世界其他地方的人过上了体面舒适的生活。

Quack68
I wonder what US lab China stole it from?

我想知道中国从哪个美国实验室偷的?

KadirHariri
Oh no not China again … we have enough of Chinas inventions for this year… we still clean up the last mess-.-“

哦，不，他又来了……

ashtefer1
God damnit China have u not seen Spider-Man 2!?

该死，难道你们没看过《蜘蛛侠2》吗?