保持专心致志有时很难。不过，要是知道让自己分心的原因，就可能有助集中注意力。科学家研究了导致 “拖延症” 的原因，找出了一些帮助人们进入工作或学习状态的方法。本期 “随身英语” 节目围绕这些建议展开讨论。

词汇：concentration 精神集中

When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.

你在学校的时候，有没有被告知要停止做白日梦，集中注意力?如果你对你正在学习的东西不感兴趣，或者你有更好的事情去思考，你的思想很容易走神。在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道什么会分散你的注意力，会有所帮助。

Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration, or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.

科学家们研究了导致我们拖延的原因，并找到了一些帮助我们保持状态的方法。最明显的方法之一就是消除噪音。《科学焦点》杂志的研究发现，安静最有助于集中注意力，或者柔和的背景嗡嗡声和咖啡馆的噪音也很好!研究还发现，关掉手机上的通知，或完全关掉手机，可以消除一个主要的干扰，帮助我们专注于手头的任务。

Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to knuckle down and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding… takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.

另一种治疗注意力短暂的方法是大脑训练。心理学家和神经科学家对我们认真工作的能力越来越感兴趣，并研究了我们可以改变自己的大脑来让我们集中注意力。卡洛琳·威廉姆斯在为BBC Future撰写的一篇文章中写道:“伦敦大学学院的注意力研究人员尼利·拉维发现，对视觉要求更高的任务……需要更多的处理能力，从而使大脑无法处理干扰。”所以，让你的大脑忙碌起来可能是答案。

There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.

还有一些更实用的技巧可以让你保持注意力集中。这些方法包括列出你必须做的事情的清单或时间表，找一个你不会被诱惑去做其他事情的工作空间，或者嚼口香糖!有可能你嘴里的运动占据了大脑的某些部分，否则可能会分心。

But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.”

但据《科学焦点》杂志报道，分心也不全是坏事。“如果我们总是如此专注，从不分心，我们就会错过环境中潜在的变化，比如威胁。分散注意力对生存至关重要。”

词汇表

daydream 做白日梦
mind to wander 走神，心不在焉
focused 专注的
distract 干扰，使分心
procrastinate 拖延
in the zone 状态极佳，在状态
silence 安静，无声
task at hand 手头的任务
short attention span 注意力持续时间短，注意力不集中
brain training 大脑训练
neuroscientist 神经科学家
knuckle down 开始努力工作或学习
visually demanding 视觉上费力的，需要劳神看的
processing power 处理能力
threat 威胁

测验与练习

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

1. What should you try to remove if you want to concentrate properly?

2. According to one expert, what uses up processing power in our brain?

3. What might we miss if we didn’t get distracted?

4. Why might finding a suitable workspace help you concentrate?

5. Who are particularly interested in our ability to stay focused?

2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. I was _______ on the train and missed my stop!

focused                      distracting                   daydreaming             silence

2. My son has a _______ and can’t concentrate on his schoolwork.

short attention span                                        short attention spans        

short attentive span                                        attention short span

3. You need to _______ if you want to get all your work completed on time.

procrastinate               task at hand                 knuckle down           daydream

4. There must be absolute _______ in the exam hall.

threats                         silence                         focused                   neuroscientists

5. In our yoga class, we were told to relax and allow our _______.

wander our mind                                             wandering mind                  

mind to wandering                                          mind to wander

答案

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

1. What should you try to remove if you want to concentrate properly?
One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise.

2. According to one expert, what uses up processing power in our brain?
Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power.

3. What might we miss if we didn’t get distracted?
According to Science Focus magazine, if we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment.

4. Why might finding a suitable workspace help you concentrate?
Finding a workspace means you’re not tempted to do other things.

5. Who are particularly interested in our ability to stay focused?
Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to try and focus and concentrate.

2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. I was daydreaming on the train and missed my stop!

2. My son has a short attention span and can’t concentrate on his schoolwork.

3. You need to knuckle down if you want to get all your work completed on time.

4. There must be absolute silence in the exam hall.

5. In our yoga class, we were told to relax and allow our mind to wander.

文章来源BBC，侵权删，本文仅用于英语学习。