原文链接：

https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device

Given the scope of Worldcoin’s mission, we approach everything from a set of founding principles based on privacy, trust and transparency.

考虑到Worldcoin的使命范围，我们会从隐私、信任和透明度的一系列基本原则出发，处理所有事务。

That’s why we remain committed to open sourcing as much of the technology we create and use as possible. We also want to enable others to develop, build and operate similar devices that integrate with the World ID protocol, with the ultimate goal of fully decentralizing every part of the project.

这就是为什么我们一直致力于尽可能开源我们创建和使用的技术。我们也希望能够让其他人开发、构建和运营与World ID协议集成的类似设备，从而最终实现项目的完全去中心化。

The intention of this post is to share specific, substantive details about the hardware we’re building. After three years of R&D, we’re excited to showcase the Orb, explain at a high level how it works and release corresponding hardware engineering files. We see this as an important step on our journey to making our commitment to transparency more credible to the global community.

本文的目的是分享我们正在构建的硬件的具体、实质性细节。经过三年的研发，我们很高兴能够展示Orb，高层次地解释它的工作原理，并发布相应的硬件工程文件。我们把这看作是我们向全球社区展示我们对透明度承诺更有可信度的重要一步。

Over the coming months, we’ll publish more articles explaining other parts of the Orb and the sign-up flow.

在未来几个月中，我们将发布更多的文章，解释Orb的其他部分和注册流程。

Why did we need custom hardware,
and why does it scan the iris?

When Worldcoin started, we didn’t intend to develop a physical device, let alone one built for biometric imaging.

当Worldcoin刚开始时，我们并没有打算开发一个物理设备，更不用说一个专为生物识别图像而设计的设备了。

Building custom hardware is difficult and expensive, and no one wants to do it if they can avoid it.

构建定制硬件是困难且昂贵的，如果可以避免的话，没有人愿意这样做。

Instead, our goal was to freely distribute a new digital token to everyone in the world as a way to help them access and participate in the global economy.

相反，我们的目标是免费向全世界的每个人分发一种新的数字代币，以帮助他们访问和参与全球经济。

It was only after concluding that biometrics are the sole realistic way of achieving our goal that we set out to create the Orb.

只有在得出生物识别是实现我们目标的唯一现实途径的结论之后，我们才开始创建Orb。

Learn more about the inclusivity of biometrics and why Worldcoin uses them here.

在这里了解更多关于生物识别的包容性以及Worldcoin为什么使用它们的原因。

As we explored many different ways to solve sybil resistance and prove unique personhood, our research showed that iris scanning offers the most accurate biometrics with an acceptable user experience that has been successfully tested at scale.

当我们探索许多不同的方法来解决Sybil防御和证明唯一身份时，我们的研究表明，虹膜扫描提供了最准确的生物识别，并具有可接受的用户体验，已经在大规模测试中成功应用。

This is because the iris has strong fraud resistance and data richness, meaning it can be used to accurately differentiate between billions of unique humans.

这是因为虹膜具有强大的反欺诈能力和数据丰富性，意味着它可以准确区分数十亿个独特的人类。

The more data rich the biometric marker (e.g., the iris), the fairer and more inclusive the system.

生物识别标记（例如虹膜）的数据越丰富，系统就越公平和包容。

Importantly, false rejections are not constant but increase with scale.

重要的是，错误拒绝并不是恒定的，而是随着规模增大而增加。

Eventually, most systems hit a wall and do not allow anyone new to join.

最终，大多数系统都会遇到瓶颈，不允许任何新人加入。

This means that existing technologies with less data richness like FaceID would only be able to accommodate a few million people.

这意味着像FaceID这样数据丰富度较低的现有技术只能容纳几百万人。

Since commercially available iris imaging devices did not meet our technology or security needs, we spent years developing our own to enable universal access to the global economy in the most inclusive manner possible.

由于商用虹膜成像设备不能满足我们的技术或安全需求，我们花费了多年时间开发自己的设备，以最包容的方式实现对全球经济的普遍访问。

The Orb hardware repository

As a first step towards open sourcing the Orb, we’re releasing all relevant, hardware-related engineering files for its current version in our repository.

作为向开源Orb迈出的第一步，我们在我们的代码库中发布了所有相关的硬件工程文件，适用于目前版本的Orb。

You can download Eagle (PCBs) to view the files and use Autodesk’s CAD viewers for free.

您可以下载Eagle（PCBs）查看文件，并免费使用Autodesk的CAD查看器。

Feedback for design improvements is welcome and highly encouraged.

欢迎并鼓励对设计改进的反馈。

We’re aware that, by developing the Orb, we’re advancing state-of-the-art iris biometrics.

我们知道，通过开发Orb，我们正在推进最先进的虹膜生物识别技术。

That’s why all files are published under a license that’s based on the MIT license but prohibits the use of the licensed materials for surveillance applications as well as any other applications that could be harmful to the rights of individuals.

这就是为什么所有文件都是根据MIT许可证发布的，但禁止将许可材料用于监视应用程序以及可能损害个人权利的任何其他应用程序。

The remainder of the article will go through a teardown of the Orb, with a few engineering anecdotes included.

本文的剩余部分将介绍Orb的解构过程，并包括一些工程趣闻。

The Orb teardown

Three years of R&D, including one year of small-scale field testing and one year of transition to manufacturing at scale, have led to the current version of the Orb.

三年的研发，包括一年的小规模现场测试和一年的向大规模制造的过渡，最终导致了Orb的当前版本。

Today’s Orb represents a precise balance of development speed, compactness, user experience, cost and at-scale production with minimal compromise being made on imaging quality and security.

今天的Orb代表了在开发速度、紧凑性、用户体验、成本和大规模生产方面的精确平衡，同时最小限度地在图像质量和安全性方面做出妥协。

There will likely be future versions that are optimized even further.

未来可能会有更进一步优化的版本。

However, the current version represents a key milestone that allows us to increase the number of Orbs in the field.

然而，当前版本代表了一个重要的里程碑，使我们能够增加现场Orb的数量。

We’ll now take you through some of the most important engineering details of the Orb, as well as how the imaging system works.

现在我们将带您了解Orb的一些最重要的工程细节，以及成像系统的工作原理。

For security purposes, we will only explicitly leave out tamper detection mechanisms that are meant to catch intrusion attempts.

出于安全考虑，我们将明确省略旨在捕获入侵尝试的篡改检测机制。

Removing the Shell