Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic

·单词

Southampton n.    南安普敦(英国港市)

colossal adj.    庞大的

    ·a colossal ship    一艘巨轮 (描述体积)

    ·a colossal sum of money    一大笔钱 (描述数量)

    ·本文中形容词的替换

        ·huge    great    immense    adj. 极大的，巨大的，庞大的

        ·enormous    gigantic    titanic    adj. 极大的，巨大的，庞大的

watertight adj.    不漏水的

    ·词义辨析：

        ·watertight adj.    不透水的(不往外漏)

        ·waterproof adj.    防水的(不忘里漏)

        ·airtight adj.    不透气的

        ·hermetic adj.     (容器)密封的

        ·sealed adj.    封闭的，密封的(例如：封条，门窗封闭。空气和水都能进，但是不能轻易的打开)

            ·The teacher opened the sealed envelope containing the exam papers.    老师打开装有试卷的密封信封。

compartment n.    (轮船的)密封舱

flood v.    充满水

float v.    漂浮，飘浮

tragic adj.    悲惨的，悲剧的

    ·tragedy n.    悲惨事件    ->    tragic

    ·comedy n.    喜剧    ->    comic adj.    滑稽的，好笑的；喜剧的

    ·drama n.    剧本，戏剧    ->    dramatic adj.    有关戏剧的，戏剧表演的；夸张的

(ocean)liner n.    班船,邮轮

    ·airliner n.    班机；大型客机

    ·steamship n.    轮船；汽船

    ·yacht n.    帆船，快艇，游艇

    ·tanker n.    油轮，油车

    ·ferry n.    渡船，摆渡；渡口

    ·raft n.    木排，木筏，竹筏

    ·dinghy n.    小艇；小船

    ·canoe n.    独木舟，小划子

    ·kayak n.    皮船；爱斯基摩小艇

voyage n.    航行(海上)

    ·flight n.    航行(空中)

    ·navigation n.    航海(海上，不可数)        aviation n.    航空(空中，不可数)

    ·be on a voyage/flight/trip/journey/tour    在 航海/乘飞机/旅行/旅行/旅游 中(在...中用介词on，用于说明活动或状态)

    ·Bon voyage!    一路顺风：用于离别时的祝福语，表示对旅行者的祝福和安全的祝愿

    ·Have a good trip!    祝你旅途愉快：用于向他人表达祝福，希望他们在旅行中享受愉快的时光。

    ·Happy Iandings!    飞机降落前，飞行员祝愿乘客们幸福的着陆。

iceberg n.    冰山

lookout n.    瞭望员

collision n.    碰撞

narrowly adv.    刚刚，勉强地

    ·We won narrowly.    我们险胜

    ·He narrowly escaped drowning.    他险些淹死

    ·替换单词

        ·(only) just

            ·She (only) just failed in the exam.    她考试差一点及格

        ·hardly/scarcely/barely

            ·I hardly know him.    我几乎不认识他

miss v.    避开

slight adj.    轻微的

tremble v.    震颤

    ·He trembled with anger.    他气得发抖

    ·The leaves trembled in the breeze.    树叶在微风中颤动

    ·quiver v.    颤抖，抖动/shiver v.    (因寒冷或害怕，激动等而)颤抖，哆嗦，发抖

        ·When I kiss your lips, ooh I start to shiver, Can't control the quivering inside. Wouldn't you agree, baby you and me got a groovy kind of love.

    ·shudder v.    (因恐惧、寒冷等)发抖，打战；强烈震动，剧烈抖动

        ·... make a modern climber shudder at the thought, ...    让现代登山者一想到这里就不寒而栗

faint adj.    微弱的

horror n.    震惊，恐惧    a feelings of great fear and shock

    ·terror n.    惊恐，恐惧    a feeling of extreme fear

    ·horrify v.    使感到震惊，使产生反感    ->    horrifying adj.    令人极其震惊的（或厌恶的、恐惧的）

    ·terrify v.    使害怕，使恐惧    ->    terrifying adj.    吓人的，令人害怕的

    ·panic n.    恐慌，惊慌 adj.    恐慌的 v.    （使）恐慌，（使）惊慌失措

        ·She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.    她突然惊慌失措，停了车

abandon v.    抛弃

plunge v.    投入，跳入

lifeboat n.    救生船

·课文讲解

    The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the Iargest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

    Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.

the Titanic    泰坦尼克号 (特指加定冠词 the)

    ·the Cutty Sark    卡蒂萨克号

    ·the Vasa    瓦萨号

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912.

    ·Titanic 做同位语时可以省略定冠词 the

        ·The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.

        ·One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich.

    ·sail for B from A    从 A 到 B

        ·sail from A to B    从 A 到 B

        ·sail out of A towards B    从A点驶向B点

            ·The Boeing 747 flew    波音 747 从上海飞往纽约

                -from Shanghai to New York.

                -out of Shanghai towards New York.

                -for New York from Shanghai.

        ·先跟目的地必须跟 for

            ·leave for ...    动身去

                ·I am leaving for Dalian on Friday.    我星期五动身去大连

            ·depart for ...    动身前往

            ·set out/off for ...    出发去

            ·make for ...    朝 ... 走去

                ·I think it's time we made for home.    我想我们该回家了

            ·be heading(英)/headed(美) for ... (朝抽象的目标前进)

                ·The negotiation is heading for deadlock.    谈判即将陷入僵局

                ·Newcastle seemed to be heading for failure until a late goal saved the day.    纽卡斯尔似乎要失败了，直到最后时刻的一个进球才扭转了局面

                    ·save the day    力挽狂澜

    ·英语时间表达：月日年

    ·模仿造句: 马航 370 号航班(Malaysia Airlines Flight 370) 于 2014 年 3 月 8 日从吉隆坡(Kuala Lumpur)出发飞往北京。

        ·Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 flew for Beijing from Kuala Lumpur on March 8th, 2014.

She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891.

    ·指 “车、船、祖国” 时常用 “She”

        ·What's wrong with my car? She won't start.    我的车怎么了?它不能发动了

        ·China has done what she promised to do.    中国已经履行了她的承诺

    ·a committee of 100    100人委员会

    ·a family of 5    五口之家

    ·另一种在船上的表达方式

        ·on board/aboard adv. & prep.

            ·All aboard!    全体上船

            ·Welcome aboard!    欢迎加入

            ·One thousand three hundred and sixteen passengers and a crew of 891 were on board(her)/aboare(her).    her 为宾格，指这艘船

        ·课后53页第4题

            ·4 ____ were 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891. (11.2-3)

                (a) On her board

                (b) On board her

                (c) Boarding her

                (d) On boarding her

        ·语法点：全部倒装(把全部谓语置于主语之前)

            ·1、表示位置或次序的状语置于句首，只要满足两个条件，要用全部倒装。①主语不是代词。②谓语动词不是及物动词。这种倒装主要目的是为了突出句末的主语。

                ·In came Miss Green.    进来的是格林小姐(全部倒装)

                ·On the hill stands a temple.    山上立着一座庙(全部倒装)

                ·There are two people.    这里有两个人(There be 也是全部倒装)

                ·There once stood a little village.    这里曾经有一个小村庄(全部倒装)

                ·Now comes your turn.    现在轮到你了(全部倒装)

                ·Next came a horse, ...    接着是一匹马(全部倒装)

                ·Off he went.    不能全倒装，因为主语是代词

                ·On the hill John saw Mary.    这个也不能全倒装，因为谓语动词是及物动词

            ·2、表语置于句首。这种倒装主要目的是为了避免头重脚轻(主语较长)。

                ·Happy is he who has a sound mind in a sound body.    一个身心健康的人是快乐的

                    ·正常的语序：He who has a sound mind in a sound body is happy.

                ·Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.    我的心年轻快乐的时光已经一去不复返了

            ·复习部分倒装

                ·只把助动词，be 动词(之前没有其他助动词)或情态动词置于主语之前。

                ·条件

                    ·1、否定词位于句首

                    ·2、“only + 状语” 位于句首

                    ·3、such, so, well, often, many a time 等表示程度、频率的副词位于句首

        ·部分倒装和全部倒装的区别。

            ·1、部分倒装是为了突出句首;完全倒装是为了突出句尾(表语前置引起的完全倒装多是为了避免头重脚轻).

            ·2、部分倒装只看句首，对主语谓语没有要求;全部倒装对主语谓语有要求(表语前置引起的完全倒装除外)。

Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship.

    ·by：according to 根据 ...

        ·What time is it by your watch?    你的表几点了？

        ·By my watch it's 4 o'clock.    我的表是 4 点中

    ·standard n.    标准(公认的标准，常用复数)

        ·safety standards    安全标准

        ·moral standards    道德标准

        ·living standards    生活水平

        ·International Standards Organization (ISO)    国际标准

        ·criterion n. (组织内部的)标准    criteria (pl.)    pl. 指 Plural n. 复数

            ·admission criteria    录取标准

            ·the criteria we use to select candidates    我们用于挑选候选人的标准

    ·the 46,000 ton 中的 ton 为什么没有加 s，因为是名词作定语修饰后面的 Titanic。名词作定语一般来说用单数

    ·colossal 前面的一句话用的是 great ship，英语不喜欢重复，这里是同意替换的

At that time, however, she was not only the Iargest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments.

    ·that 引导定语从句，不用 which 是因为先行词 ship 前用了最高级 the largest，具体还有类似的可以百度查看【https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/378849477.html】

    ·, for 引出原因状语从句

    ·不但 ... 而且 ... 的三种表达

        ·not only ... but also ...

        ·not only ... but ...

        ·not only ... but ... as well

    ·regard ... as ...    把 A 看作 B

        ·see ... as ...    把 A 看作是 B

            ·I see his words as a joke.    我把他的话当作一个笑话

         ·count ... as ...    认为，算作

            ·I don't count him as a friend any more.    我不再把他当朋友了

        ·take ... as ...    把 ... 看作是

            ·Are you taking me as a fool?    你把我当傻瓜了吗？

        ·look on ... as ...    视为，看作

            ·They look on her as a daughter.    他们把她当作女儿看待

        ·think of ... as ...    把 A 看作是 B

            ·Learning a language should be thought of as a natural process.    学习一门语言应该被看作是一个自然的过程

        ·consider ... (to be) ...    视为 ...

            ·If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.    例如，如果你住在地中海，你会认为章鱼是一种美味佳肴。

        ·be recognized/acknowledged as ...    被认为是

            ·Heifetz was recognized/acknowledged as the greatest violinist of the 20th century.    海菲兹被公认为20世纪最伟大的小提琴家

    ·unsinkable adj.    形容词作介词宾语时可视为其前省略了动名词 being，即 “介词 ( + being) + 形容词” 的形式

        ·He regarded the situation as (being) serious.    他认为形势很严重

        ·His work is far from (being) satisfactory.    他的工作远不能令人满意

Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. 

    ·even if 即使，就算(设想)，而与之类似的 even though 尽管，虽然(已经发生了的，事实)。这两个都可以引导让步状语从句，但不是一个意思

        ·Even if you dislike ancient moruments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.    即使你不喜欢古代遗迹，沃里克城堡也值得一游(不知道你喜欢不喜欢，作假设)

        ·Even though you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.    尽管你不喜欢古迹，沃里克城堡也值得一游(我知道你确实不喜欢古迹，但我还是建议你去看一看沃里克城堡)

        ·The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.    村民们已经告诉他，即使他把旅馆送人，他们也不会接受(假设，酒馆没送)

        ·Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.    他几乎立刻就开始抱怨天气了，因为尽管当时还是夏天，雨却不停地下，而且常常冷得刺骨。(已经发生的事实)

        ·The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.    另一方面，老练的职业走私犯，即使手提箱里藏着五百块金表，也从不为这种感情所困扰。(假设走私犯有五百块金表)

            ·be troubled by    被 ... 困扰

        ·Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.    即使你在理想的天气里旅行，海上旅行也要花很长时间(假设)

        ·She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.    她在感情上眷恋着这所房子，因为尽管它对她的需要来说太大了，但在她丈夫死后很久，她还是坚持住在那里(事实)

        ·l immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.    我立即开始了一项实验，尽管它没能摆脱蚂蚁，但却让我着迷了24小时(事实)

The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

    ·go down: sink 同意替换，因为前半句出现了 sinking

    ·first voyage    首航

        ·maiden voyage/flight/work    首航/首次飞行/处女作

        ·virgin land    原始土地：指未被开垦或利用过的土地，通常指荒野或偏远地区

        ·debut n.    处女秀，首次登台

            ·She made her professional stage debut in Swan Lake.    她的职业舞台处女作是《天鹅湖》

        ·premiere n.    首映，首次公演

            ·the world premiere of his latest movie    他最新电影的全球首映式

    ·loss of life 可替换为 casualty n. 伤亡人员；受害者

        ·civilian casualties    平民伤亡：在军事行动中，非军事人员因战争、冲突或其他暴力行为而受伤或丧生的人员

        ·death toll    死亡人数：在事故、灾难、战争等中死亡的人数

            ·The death toll has risen to 90.    死亡人数已上升至90人

    ·模仿造句:人们将永远牢记这架马来西亚班机(the Malaysian airliner)的失踪惨剧，因为它在从吉隆坡(Kuala Lumpur)到北京的航行中神秘地失去联系，造成惨重的生命损失。

        ·The tragic missing of the Malaysian airliner will always be remembered, for it mysteriously lost contact on its flight for Beijing from Kuala Lumpur with heavy loss of life.

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.

    ·Four days after setting out    介词后面跟动名词，之后之前不久的一段时间可以直接放在 before 和 after 的前面

        ·Ten minutes after calling 911, a police car arrived on the spot.    报警10分钟后，一辆警车赶到了现场

    ·a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout    英语常用被动语态突出句子重点

        ·Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.    在许多地方发现了爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛

After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. 

    ·give    发出(命令，警报)，表现出

        ·give an alarm/an order/a cry/a long sigh    发出警报/命令/喊叫/长叹一声

        ·The girl gave a charming smile.    女孩露出迷人的微笑

    ·turned 

        ·turn        veer        swerve    v.    车、船、飞机转向，拐弯

            ·Moments before crashing, the jet was seen veering sharply to the right.    坠机前，飞机突然向右倾斜

            ·The lorry swerved sharply to avoid the child.    卡车急转弯以避开那个孩子

            ·As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.    当我们在尘土飞扬的道路上颠簸时，我们转向以避开大石头

        ·change course    飞机，轮船改变航线，航向

            ·The plane changed course to avoid the storm.    飞机改变航线以避开风暴

        ·collision n.    碰撞，相撞        collide v.    碰撞，相撞

            ·During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.    一天晚上，在交通高峰期，两辆车相撞了，两个司机开始争吵起来 

The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.

    ·in time    及时

        ·on time    准时

    ·just in time (刚刚好及时) 可替换为 with on time to spare (没有一丝一毫多余的时间)

        ·Spare the rod and spoil the child.    不打不成器

        ·We boarded the train with no time to spare.    我们上了火车，时间刚刚好

        ·They got to the airport with seconds to spare.    他们到达机场时还剩几秒钟

    ·造句：这辆车即使转向，勉强躲过了这个孩子。

        ·The car truned just in time,narrowly missing the child.

    ·造句：我闪避(dodge)得及时，勉强躲过了这块坠落得石头。

        ·I dodged just in time,narrowly missing the falling rock.

    ·rose v.    （建筑物或自然景观）耸立，矗立

        ·The immense building rose before our eyes.    那座巨大的建筑物矗立在我们眼前

        ·Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet.    在水面上，这些塔高达近700英尺

Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.

    ·Suddenly/all of a sudden/all at once    突然

    ·Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry-driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden.    看到一块蛋糕从空中飞过，一个和汽车并排行驶的卡车司机突然停了下来

    ·All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.    突然，我注意到我的妻子似乎充满了惊恐

    · from prep.    below adv.

        ·副词和介词短语都可以作介词的宾语

        ·There is a fine view from here.    从这里看风景很好

        ·I heard them calling me from below.    我听到他们在下面叫我

        ·They have just returned from abroad.    他们刚从国外回来

        ·I took my watch from under the pillow.    我从枕头底下拿出手表

        ·He picked up the gun from behind the counter.    他从柜台后面拿起枪

        ·I live near here.    我住在这附近

        ·We didn't meet until after the show.    我们直到演出结束才见面

        ·The weather has been fine except in the north.    除了北方，天气一直很好

    ·went down    主语是船长，所以是往下走。前文中是拿船当主语，所以是下沉的意思

        ·The vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.    牧师走上钟楼去看看发生了什么事

The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.

    ·so ... that ...    如此 ... 以至于 ...

        ·可用 too ... to ... 来代替它

            ·The noise had been too faint for anyone to think that the ship had been damaged.

Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!

    ·to his horror 是状语，that 引导宾语，颠倒它俩的位置因为宾语长，状语短，英语是先写短的

The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

    ·plunged v. to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwatds or downwars 

        ·Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff.    她的车突然转向，掉下了悬崖

        ·They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side.    他们跳入湖中，把装备装上一只充气橡皮艇，让水流把他们带到对岸

        ·The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.    这头仍拴在树上的圈养大象，每当有人靠近时，就会猛扑过去，发出尖叫，而且可能会因为愤怒和恐惧而拒绝所有食物，持续好几天

As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.

    ·用 too ... to ... 表达

        ·As ther were too few lifeboats for everybody to take, 1,500 lives were lost.