【补充材料】上海高考英语作文24分养成计划｜词汇篇01
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A. predicament
late 14
c.
, "that which is asserted" (a term in logic), from
M.L.
predicamentum,
from
L.L.
prædicamentum
"quality, category, something predicted," from
L.
prædicatus
,
pp.
of
prædicare
(see predicate), a loan-translation of
Gk.
kategoria
, Aristotle's word. The meaning "unpleasant situation" is first recorded 1580s.
B. quandary
1579, "state of perplexity," of unknown origin, perhaps a quasi-Latinism based on
L.
quando
"when."
C. swamp
1624 (first used by Capt. John Smith, in reference to Virginia), perhaps a
dial.
survival from an
O.E.
cognate
of
O.N.
svoppr
"sponge, fungus," from
P.Gmc.
*swampuz
; but traditionally connected with
M.E.
sompe
"morass, swamp," probably from
M.Du.
somp
or
M.L.G.
sump
"swamp." Related to
O.N.
svöppr
"sponge." The verb sense of "overwhelm, sink (as if in a swamp)" is first recorded 1772; fig. sense is from 1818.
Swamp Yankee
"rural, rustic New Englander" is attested from 1941.
D. quagmire
1579, from obsolete
quag
"bog, marsh" +
mire.
Quag
is a variant of
M.E.
quabbe
"a marsh, bog," from
O.E.
*cwabba
"shake, tremble" (like something soft and flabby). Extended sense of "difficult situation, inextricable position" is first recorded 1775.
E. impediment
late 14
c.
, from
L.
impedimentem
"hindrance," from
impedire
"impede,"
lit.
"to shackle the feet," from
in-
"in" +
pes
(
gen.
pedis
) "foot."
F. hurdle
O.E.
hyrdel
"frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier,"
dim.
of
hyrd
"door," from
P.Gmc.
*khurdis
(
cf.
Ger.
Hürde
"hurdle, fold, pen;"
O.N.
hurð,
Goth.
haurds
"door"), from
PIE
*krtis
(
cf.
L.
cratis
"hurdle, wickerwork,"
Gk.
kartalos
"a kind of basket,"
kyrtos
"fishing creel"), from base
*qrt-
"to weave, twist together" (
cf.
Skt.
krt
"to spin"). Sense of "barrier to jump in a race" first recorded 1833; figurative sense of "obstacle" is 1924.
G. stumbling block
H. panacea
1548, from
L.
panacea,
an all-healing herb (variously identified), from
Gk.
panakeia
"cure-all," from
panakes
"all-healing," from
pan-
"all" +
akos
"cure," from
iasthai
"to heal." Earlier in
Eng.
as
panace
(1513).
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