Global technopolitics--The new grand bargain  

Without teaming up, democracies will not be able to establish a robust alternative to China’s autocratic technosphere

The show must go on 演出必须进行

Compromises that provide something for everyone are not hard to spot. But reaching them will not be easy. After four years of President Trump, “the mistrust on the European side runs deep, says Samm Sacks of CNAS. On the other side of the Atlantic, Congress will not want to make life more difficult for its intelligence agencies, for whom social media and online services have become a crucial source of information.In order for a grand bargain to be reached, all of that must be made more difficult. If the ECJ struck down the Privacy Shield, it was mostly because the court believed that America does not provide enough safeguards to protect European data from the eyes of its intelligence and law-enforcement agencies.

ECJ：欧洲法院（European Court Of Justice）

Another big barrier on the way to a bargain will be the question of how much America’s tech titans need to be reined in. To bring globe-spanning technology firms to heel, we need something new:

a global alliance that puts democracy first,” argues Marietje Schaake, a former member of the European Parliament who now works for the Cyber Policy Centre at Stanford University, in a recent article. Many in California and elsewhere in America like the sound of this, but Congress will only go so far in restricting its tech giants and their business model, which is increasingly based on extracting value from data.

rein in：控制、放慢 •Many people have begun looking for long-term ways to rein in spending. 很多人已经开始寻找控制开支的长远方式。

Even if a grand bargain can be reached, many small ones will need to be done as well. That is why, in the long run, the world needs more than bilateral deals and a loose form of co-operation, but something more robust and specialised. It may even have to be something like a World Data Organisation, as Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group has suggested (or at least a GADD, a General Agreement on Data and Digital Infrastructure, a bit like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as the WTO’s predecessor was called). Given the sorry state of the WTO, this may seem fanciful, but without such an organisation today’s global data flows may shrink to a trickle much as protectionism limited trade in the days before the GATT and the WTO.

Eurasia Group：欧亚集团

GATT：the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade：关税贸易总协定

sorry state ：悲惨状态

Fanciful  adj. /ˈfænsɪfl/ 1.空想的；想象的；2.(物件)  装饰独出心裁的；式样奇特的；花哨的•a fanciful gold border 别出心裁的金色镶边

trickle/ˈtrɪkl/ vi. 滴；细细地流；慢慢地移动；vt. 使…滴；使…淌；使…细细地流；n. 滴，淌；细流

Will it ever happen? Yes, if history is any guide. In July 1944 representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to hash out a new financial order, including the IMF and the World Bank. Granted, the pandemic is no world war. But, with luck, living through it may provide enough motivation to try again in the digital realm.

hash out ：消除，经过长时间讨论解决一个问题

•The House and Senate are to begin soon hashing out an agreement for sanctions legislation. 参众两院很快将通过充分讨论就制裁立法达成一项协议。

译文

The show must go on 演出必须进行

Compromises that provide something for everyone are not hard to spot. But reaching them will not be easy. After four years of President Trump, “the mistrust on the European side runs deep, says Samm Sacks of CNAS. On the other side of the Atlantic, Congress will not want to make life more difficult for its intelligence agencies, for whom social media and online services have become a crucial source of information.In order for a grand bargain to be reached, all of that must be made more difficult. If the ECJ struck down the Privacy Shield, it was mostly because the court believed that America does not provide enough safeguards to protect European data from the eyes of its intelligence and law-enforcement agencies.

为每一位提供一些好处的妥协并不难发现，但达成这个目标不容易。CNAS的Samm Sacks表示经历特朗普四年的执政，欧盟对美国的不信任深植心中。在大西洋的另一侧，国会不会让它的情报代理人员生活更辛苦，对他们而言，社交媒体、线上服务已经是信息工作的关键。为达成这个大型交易，所有方面都必须变得更加困难。如果欧洲法院毙掉“隐私盾”项目，最有可能是欧洲法院相信美国并没有为欧洲数据提供足够的保护措施，使其免于美国情报机构和执法机构的监控 。

Another big barrier on the way to a bargain will be the question of how much America’s tech titans need to be reined in. To bring globe-spanning technology firms to heel, we need something new:

a global alliance that puts democracy first,” argues Marietje Schaake, a former member of the European Parliament who now works for the Cyber Policy Centre at Stanford University, in a recent article. Many in California and elsewhere in America like the sound of this, but Congress will only go so far in restricting its tech giants and their business model, which is increasingly based on extracting value from data.

另一个对协议有巨大的障碍则是这个问题：美国的科技巨头在多大程度上需要被约束。想让全球扩张的科技公司紧跟国家，我们需要全新局面：

前欧洲议会成员，目前就职于斯坦福大学网络政策中心的Marietje Schaake在最近文中辩到我们需要一个将民主放在第一位的全球联盟。加利福利亚还有美国其他地区的很多人都持有类似观点，但是国会至今在限制科技巨头及其越来越依赖从数据中提取价值的商业模式中可以做的很有限。

Even if a grand bargain can be reached, many small ones will need to be done as well. That is why, in the long run, the world needs more than bilateral deals and a loose form of co-operation, but something more robust and specialised. It may even have to be something like a World Data Organisation, as Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group has suggested (or at least a GADD, a General Agreement on Data and Digital Infrastructure, a bit like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as the WTO’s predecessor was called). Given the sorry state of the WTO, this may seem fanciful, but without such an organisation today’s global data flows may shrink to a trickle much as protectionism limited trade in the days before the GATT and the WTO.

即使大协议能够达成，还有许多的小协议也需要完成。这也是为什么，从长期来看世界不仅仅需要双边协议及宽松的合作框架，还同时需要更加稳健和专业的东西。欧亚集团的Ian Bremmer 建议有可能它需要的是类似世界数据组织这样的机构 ，或者至少是GADD（数据与信息基础建设的通用协定，有点类似于关税及贸易总协定，WTO的前身。）鉴于WTO的悲惨现状，这个建议显得有些不合时宜，但如果没有WTO这样的组织，现今全球的数据流可能受保护主义的限制萎缩成没有关税贸易总协定与WTO之前的小溪流。

Will it ever happen? Yes, if history is any guide. In July 1944 representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to hash out a new financial order, including the IMF and the World Bank. Granted, the pandemic is no world war. But, with luck, living through it may provide enough motivation to try again in the digital realm.

这种现状会发生吗？是的，如果历史可以提供借鉴的话。1944年7月44个国家的代表齐聚新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林，充分讨论之后建立了新的金融秩序，包括世界货币组织和世界银行。诚然，疫情不是世界大战。但是，如果运气好的话，经历过这段经历可能会为我们在数字领域再次尝试提供足够的动力。

经济学人2020年12月刊