经济学人考研英语（2023.08.05）—提高天气预报的高科技竞赛
The high-tech race to improve weather forecasting
提高天气预报的高科技竞赛
Matto Dell'acqua has to shout to make himself heard. Engine Room Number Five at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' data centre in Bologna houses a series of motors,each turning a three-tonne flywheel.Should the electricity cut out,the flywheels—and those in four other rooms elsewhere in the building—have enough momentum to keep the ECMWF's newest supercomputer running until the back-up diesel generators fire up.
shout n 呼喊 叫喊
Bologna n 博洛尼亚（意大利城市）
forecast n 预测，预报
motors n 发动机
momentum n 冲力 推力；
diesel n 内燃机 柴油
Matto Dell'acqua必须大声叫喊才能让别人听到他的声音，位于博洛尼亚的欧洲中程的天气预报中心的5号机房有安装一系列发动机，每个发动机都转动一个三吨重的飞轮。如果停电了，飞轮—以及大楼其他四个房间的飞轮—是否有足够的动力让ECMWF最新的超级计算机一直运行到备用发电机启动。
"houses" 在这里是动词第三人称单数形式，可替换位"contains"，翻译为“有”。
"should the electricity cut out"中的"should"是if条件句省略if的倒装形式。
if引导的条件从句除了should可以倒装之外，还有were和had
本段中包含了插入语。
until引导时间状语从句指running的延续性动词，翻译为“直到...为止“。
fuel for three days. A long blackout would spell disaster. Wheather shapes military campaigns and crop harvests, sports matches and supply chains.Losing access to the world's most reliable wheather forecast would drastically reduce the prescience and preparedness of more than 35 countries,NATO,at least one space agency and a great many research institutions and businesses. The operation must run constantly,says Mr Dell'Acqua,who is in charge of the whole affair."It's really critical."
generator n 发电机；产生者；电力公司；母点
fuel n 燃料，燃料剂；刺激因素，刺激行为
blackout n 灯火管制
disaster n 灾难，灾害；祸患，灾难性事物
shape n 形状；图形；身材
military adj 军事的，军队的
campaign n 活动；竞选
crop n 庄稼；收成，产量
harvest n 收获；收获量；成果，收获
supply n 供应量，储备；
chain n 链，链条；一连串，一系列
access n 入口 通道；使用权
reliable adj 可靠的，可信赖的；
drastically adv 猛烈地，力度大地
reduce v 减少，降低
prescience n 先见；预知
preparedness n 有准备；已准备
NATO 北大西洋公约组织
institution n 机构；团体
operation n 运作，实施；
constantly adv 总是，经常地，不断地
affair n 公共事务，政治事务
critical adj 批判的，关键的，严重的
这些发电机的燃料够用三天，更长时间的停电将带来灾难。天气影响着军事行动、农作物收成、体育比赛和供应链。失去世界上最可靠的天气预报，将大大降低超过35个国家、北约、至少一个太空机构以及许多研究机构和企业的预知和准备。负责整个事件的Dell’acqua先生说，这个行动必须持续进行，“这真的很关键。”
who引导的定语从句修饰前边的人
Built inside a former tobacco factory, the Bologna data centre is a nerve centre of ECMWF's operations.Every day, 800m observations pour in from satellites, ocean buoys,ground weather stations, balloons and aricraft. Besides preparations for a power cut,there are contingency plans for floods and fires.Water from two external towers is circulated constantly,keeping the electronics cool.
former adj 旧时的；以前的
tobacco n 烟草，烟叶；
nerve n 神经；勇气；胆量
observation n 观察，监视；观察力
pour n 灌，注；
satellites n 卫星，人造卫星
buoys n 【水运】浮标；救生圈
balloon n 气球，轻气球
aircraft n 飞机，航空器
preparation n 准备；准备工作
contingency n 可能发生的事，不测事件；
external adj 外部的，外面的
circulated adj 流通的
constantly adv 总是，经常地，不断地
power cut 停电
博洛尼亚数据中心建在一个前烟草厂内，是ECMWF运作的神经中枢。每天，来自卫星、海洋浮标、地面气象站、气球和飞行器的800万份观测数据源源不断。除了为停电做准备外，还有应对洪水和火灾的应急计划。来自两个外部塔的水不断循环，保持电子设备的凉爽。
Built inside a former tobacco factory, the Bologna data centre is a nerve centre of ECMWF's operations. 逗号之前为倒装句，原本位置在后面的Bologna data centre后。
Outside,though,cooling is in short supply.For the past two weeks much of Europe has been gripped by a punishing heatwave. Bologna was one of 23 Italian cities put on "red alert".Several countries broke temperature records;fires have burned across Greece and the Canary Islands. Large swathes of America and Asia were also beset by sweltering heat. July 6th saw the highest average global air temperature ever recorded on Earth,according to estimates published by the University of Maine.Elsewhere,the weather brought a different kind of misery.Torrential rain in South Korea,India and on America's east coast killed scores. Two days after The Economist's visit to Bologna,hailstones the size of tennis balls rained down on the nearby city of Milan.
grip v 握紧，夹住；
punish v 处罚，惩罚
heatwave n 热浪；奇热时期
several adj 不同的，各自的；
temperature n 温度，气温；
record n 记录，录音；
burned adj 烧焦的
swathe n 一长条；绷带，包装物
beset v 困扰，烦忧
sweltering adj 闷热的；热的难受的
estimate n 估计；预算
misery n 痛苦，苦难；
torrential adj （水）奔流的；
然而，在室外，制冷设备供应不足。在过去的两周里，欧洲大部分地区都受到了热浪的侵袭。博洛尼亚是23个进入“红色预警”的意大利城市之一。几个国家打破了气温纪录；大火席卷了希腊和加那利群岛。美洲和亚洲的大片地区也被酷热所困。根据缅因大学发布的估计，7月6号是地球上有记录以来全球平均气温最高的一天。在其他地方，天气带来了另一种痛苦。韩国、印度、和美国东海岸的暴雨造成数十人死亡。《经济学人》访问了博洛尼亚两天后，网球大小的冰雹落在了附近的米兰市。
Climate scientists reckon the heatwaves were made far more likely by climate change. Weather forecasts gave countries advance warning, a job that will become even more important as the planet warms further. Governments are investing in bigger and better forecasting models. They are being joined by private firms producing smaller-scale,specialised forecasts for businesses—and by tech firms betting that AI can revolutionise the field.
climate n 气候；气候区
revolutionise vt 彻底改变；使革命化
气候科学家认为，气候变化更有可能导致热浪。天气预报为各国提供了提前预警，随着地球进一步变暖，这项工作将变得更加重要。政府正在投资更大更好的预测模型。私营企业也可以加入他们的行列，这些公司为企业提供规模较小的专业预测，而科技公司则押注人工智能可以彻底改变这一领域。
