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科诺诺维奇兄弟被捕事件

2023-07-09 15:30 作者:李息埃  | 我要投稿

简介

科诺诺维奇兄弟指的是米哈伊尔·科诺诺维奇(乌克兰语:Михайла Кононовичів;英语:Mikhail Kononovich;俄语:Михаил Кононовичи)和亚历山大·科诺诺维奇(乌克兰语:Олександра Кононовичів;英语:Aleksander Kononovich;俄语:Александр Кононовичи)兄弟。

两人是乌克兰列宁主义共青团(或称青年联盟)中的活动家和领导者,其中米哈伊尔是共青团的第一书记。2014年乌克兰危机期间,亚历山大乌克兰共产党沃伦支部中做领导工作,他也是乌克兰反法西斯委员会沃伦区的负责人。2015年,亚历山大曾参与过卢茨克市市长的竞选,竞选信息显示,他于1980年6月12日出生在卢茨克,乌克兰公民,过去五年一直居住在乌克兰,受过高等教育,暂时失业,乌克兰共产党员,居住在卢茨克,没有犯罪记录,自我提名。在近年来的活动中,两人多次受到袭击。

被捕

2022年3月6日,科诺诺维奇兄弟在基辅被乌克兰安全局逮捕,理由是与俄罗斯和白俄罗斯特勤部门有密切合作。此前,两人参加了共青团在美国驻基辅大使馆前的抗议活动,呼吁乌克兰切断与北约联盟的关系,和平解决与俄罗斯的冲突,并要求美国停止通过北约在欧洲进行军事扩张。有信息显示,科诺诺维奇兄弟于2015年便受到乌安全局的调查。

事件发生后,世界各地的左翼组织和团体即发表声明,谴责和反对逮捕科诺诺维奇兄弟,呼吁和要求乌克兰方面释放二人。3月11日,希共在欧洲议会反应了这一问题,欧洲议会议员科斯塔斯·帕帕达基斯(Kostas PAPADAKIS,希共成员)写信给欧盟外交政策负责人何塞普·博雷尔(Josep Borrell Fontelles)警告说,乌克兰列青团领导人米哈伊尔·科诺诺维奇和他的兄弟亚历山大·科诺诺维奇的生命处于危险之中,帕帕达基斯敦促博雷尔“回应立即释放两名被捕的年轻共产党员以及解除该国所有反共迫害和禁令的紧急要求。”

上诉

6月24日,在被捕一百多天后,科诺诺维奇兄弟被证实还活着,但仍被监禁。此外,两人的辩护权也受到了侵犯,他们无法自由选择律师为他们进行辩护。25日,希共欧洲议会议员尼古拉乌-阿拉瓦诺斯(Lefteris NIKOLAOU-ALAVANOS)向博雷尔提出了以下问题:“考虑到欧盟与作为候选成员国的乌克兰之间关系的升级,他对立即释放年轻的共产主义囚犯的紧急要求的立场是什么,欧盟对他们的生命和健康的巨大危险承担什么责任,以及如何保证他们不会遭受进一步的酷刑和勒索?鉴于委员会知道他们受到的迫害和不可接受的拘留,并 ‘密切关注此案’,为什么至今没有为立即释放他们做任何事情?”

原文提问

Arrest of two young Ukranian communists

29.6.2022

Question for written answer  E-002344/2022

to the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

Rule 138

Lefteris Nikolaou-Alavanos (NI)

Mikhail Kononovich, leader of the youth wing of the outlawed Leninist Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), and his brother, Aleksander Kononovich, have been held by the Ukrainian authorities for over 100 days. The EU is apparently willing to go along with this, as evidenced by the Commission reply of 29 April 2022, to the effect that ‘it is aware’ of the situation and is in direct contact with the Ukrainian authorities, from which it is receiving ‘regular updates’.

The Ukrainian authorities have appointed a lawyer for the two brothers, who must now decide whether to plead guilty as charged and serve a ten-year sentence or plead innocent and face life imprisonment.

In the light of this and bearing in mind the EU's upgraded relations with Ukraine as a candidate for membership,

1.What view does the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy take of the urgent request for the immediate release of the young communists and of EU’s responsibility to protect them from major risks to their lives and health and ensure that they are not subjected to further inhuman treatment and coercion?

2.Given that the Commission is aware of the persecution to which they are being subjected and their unacceptable detention, having been ‘following the case closely’, why has it done nothing to date to secure their immediate release?

回复

Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Borrell i Fontelles on behalf of the European Commission

5.8.2022

1.Ukraine has demonstrated the resilience of its institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Since the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, Ukraine undertook judicial reforms to align the judicial system with the principles of the rule of law and to strengthen judicial independence and accountability. Whilst the implementation of reforms has been affected by the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Ukrainian authorities showed remarkable stamina to advance on reforms. As mentioned in the previous reply regarding the detention of Mykhailo and Oleksandr Kononovych, the EU reiterates that in this case, as in all other cases, fundamental rights and due legal process need to be respected, with transparent and fair judicial rulings, in line with the rule of law and international commitments, including the European Convention on Human Rights.

2.The EU attaches the highest importance to the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, which are at the core of the Association Agreement with Ukraine. The EU continues to convey messages to the Ukrainian authorities that fundamental rights and due legal process need to be respected, with transparent and fair judicial rulings, in line with the rule of law. At the same time, the EU remains committed to continue supporting Ukraine and its people in light of ongoing Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified aggression by providing military, financial, humanitarian and military support. In this sense, it is important to note that, as confirmed by the European External Action Service, Ukraine’s constitution and legislation enshrine the principles of democratic pluralism and multi-party political system, the rule of law and respect of fundamental rights and freedoms required for granting macro-financial assistance.

7月1日,对科诺诺维奇兄弟的审判在基辅索洛门斯基区法院进行,但两人并未在法庭出现,而是通过在线方式参与了庭审,没有辩护人。他们被指控违反乌克兰刑法第 109 条,具体是“强行改变或推翻乌克兰当局秩序或夺取乌克兰当局权力,以及密谋实施此类行动”和“公开呼吁暴力改变或推翻乌克兰制度或夺取乌克兰当局权力,以及传播呼吁此类行动的材料”,他们可能面临10年的监禁(有消息称如果他们拒绝指控将被判处无期徒刑)。科诺诺维奇兄弟在庭审中表示对他们的指控是捏造的,他们表达了对国际上支持他们的力量的感谢,并呼吁欧洲议会代表和整个欧洲的媒体参加审判。庭审结束后,检察官要求采取预防性措施,即拘留两个月,这得到了法院的批准,科诺诺维奇兄弟必须被拘留至9月4日,但他们可以支付19万格里夫纳的保释金离开拘留所。

7月20日,处于监禁中的米哈伊尔再次感谢了声援者,因为他和他的兄弟亚历山大的审判将于周一(即7月25日)恢复。

软禁

10月28日,基辅索洛门斯基区法院批准了辩方关于改变限制措施的动议,对科诺诺维奇兄弟的监禁改为了24小时软禁,他们被安装了电子脚环。

12月,在拘留期即将结束之际,检察官向法院提出动议,将预防措施延长至2023年2月20日。科诺诺维奇兄弟要求法院做出让步,特别是取消电子手环,并将24小时软禁改为夜间软禁,因为24小时软禁给他们带来不便。但法院拒绝了他们的要求,并禁止他们离开自己的居住地,除了接受医疗援助和在空袭情况下前往避难所。从拘留所获释后,米哈伊尔告诉《今日白俄罗斯报》,他们的健康状况明显恶化,甚至连买面包的钱都没有了。

Просимо: зніміть браслети, дайте можливість працювати! За що нам жити? Хліба нема за що купити! У нас зараз відключать і воду, не лише електрику. За заборгованість. Ми подали ще одне прохання щодо одягу. Усі наші речі вкрало СБУ, в нас нема теплих курток, ходимо до суду в легкому одязі та взутті. Крім цього, нам ніяк не видадуть паспорти з СІЗО。

威胁

2023年7月5日,被软禁的科诺诺维奇兄弟表示,他们正面临死亡威胁。本周早些时候(7.1-7.3),科诺诺维奇兄弟一份呼吁书中表示,泽连斯基总统的政权正试图暗杀他们。他们声称,一名名叫叶夫根·克拉夫丘克(Yevgen Kravchuk)的警官多次来到他们家,威胁要谋杀他们。这名官员还在网上发帖,公开呼吁谋杀他们,并透露了他们家的地址。

其他

2019年11月17日,米哈伊尔参与了共青团在总统办公室附近的集会,以反对国家有计划地将农业土地市场化。示威者携带了政党的横幅和旗帜,强调大规模土地出售“关系到所有乌克兰人民”。科诺诺维奇表示:“‘土地出售’问题就是我们的斯大林格勒,我们一步也不能后退。”


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