TED：人工智能时代必备求职面试指南，你可以这样赢过ChatGPT | 中英详解
Looking for a job? Highlight your ability, not your experience
想找工作？强调你的能力，而不是你的经验
讲者：Jason Shen
00:00
You know who I'm envious of? People who work in a job that has to do with their college major.
你们知道我最嫉妒谁吗？那些能找到和大学专业对口工作的人。
envious /ˈenviəs/ 羡慕的；忌妒的
be envious of羡慕 ; 嫉妒 ; 妒忌
例句：I don't think I'm envious of your success.
我不认为我羡慕你的成功。
have to do with 与……有关
例句：This animal's name does have to do with an adaptation of its feet.
这种动物的名字确实与它的脚的进化有关。
have nothing to do with 与…无关
have much to do with与……有很大关系
00:06
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:08
Journalists who studied journalism, engineers who studied engineering. The truth is, these folks are no longer the rule, but the exception. A 2010 study found that only a quarter of college graduates work in a field that relates to their degree.
新闻专业的记者， 工程学专业的工程师。 事实上，这些人的存在早已不再是正常情况了，而成了例外。 2010年的一个调查显示，只有1/4的大学生，在从事和他们大学专业相关的工作。
work in a field 在一个领域工作
例句：Of all my classmates in college, less than half work in a field that is related to the subject we learned at college.
我的大学同学归里包堆也没有一半从事所学专业相关工作的。
00:24
I graduated with not one but two degrees in biology. To my parents' dismay, I am neither a doctor nor a scientist.
我毕业时拿到了生物学的双学位。但令我父母失望的是，我既不是一个医生，也没有成为一个科学家。
biology /baɪˈɑːlədʒi/ n.生物学
例句：We dissected a frog in biology class.
我们在生物课上解剖了一只青蛙。
dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n.沮丧，灰心，失望
例句：He looked at her in dismay.他诧异地看着她。
To her dismay , her name was not on the list.
使她难过的是，名单上没有她的名字。
00:32
（笑声）
00:34
Years of studying DNA replication and photosynthesis did little to prepare me for a career in technology. I had to teach myself everything from sales, marketing, strategy, even a little programming, on my own. I had never held the title of Product Manager before I sent my resume in to Etsy. I had already been turned down by Google and several other firms and was getting frustrated.
在DNA复制与光合作用上数年的专心苦读，对我将来的科技生涯几乎没有帮助。我必须从销售、市场营销、策略开始自学一切本领，甚至连简单的电脑编程都必须自学。在我送简历到Etsy（电子商务网站）之前，我从来没当过产品经理。我当时十分沮丧，因为已经被谷歌以及其他一些公司屡次拒绝。
replication /ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.复现；重复；复制
例句：The second project was not designed as an exact replication of the first.
第二个项目的设计，并不是为了完全地复制第一个项目。
photosynthesis /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ n.光合作用
例句：Now I need to mention another thing about photosynthesis.
现在我需要提到关于光合作用的另一点。
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备
send in 呈报，递交，提交,交出
turned down 拒绝（提议或请求）
get frustrated 感到气馁，感到沮丧
The company had recently gone public, so as part of my job application, I read the IPO filings from cover to cover and built a website from scratch which included my analysis of the business and four ideas for new features. It turned out the team was actively working on two of those ideas and had seriously considered a third. I got the job.
Etsy最近正式上市了，为了让简历增色，我把首次公开募股的信息一行行认真地读，然后摸索着建立了一个网站，其中包括一些我对这个公司的分析,以及四个关于产品特色的新点子。 结果发现这个公司的工作团队积极地研究了其中两个，并对第三个也进行了慎重考虑。于是我得到了这份工作。
go public 上市；公开宣布；把秘密公开
filing /ˈfaɪlɪŋ/ n.存档，归档；存档档案，归档记录
例句：I discovered my husband rifling through the filing cabinet.
我发现我丈夫在档案柜里匆忙地翻找。
from cover to cover 从头至尾
from scratch 白手起家；从头做起
例句：Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.
白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。
turn out 发生；最后是，结果是
例句：The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.
结果，真相比我们预期的更离奇。
01:24
We all know people who were ignored or overlooked at first but went on to prove their critics wrong. My favorite story? Brian Acton, an engineering manager who was rejected by both Twitter and Facebook before cofounding WhatsApp, the mobile messaging platform that would sell for 19 billion dollars.
我们都知道有些人虽然一开始被忽略，但最终用实力证明了他人的错误。我最爱的故事是什么呢？Brian Acton，一个工程经理，在成立whatsApp (聊天软件)之前，他同时被谷歌和推特拒绝过，而现在这个手机软件平台价值190亿。
overlook v.忽视，忽略
例句：We overlook all sorts of warning signals about our own health.
我们会忽视关于我们健康的各种警报信号。
critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ n.批评者，反对者
例句：Her critics say she is leading the party to disaster.
批评她的人说她在把该党引向灾难。
cofound v.共同创立
例句：Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs cofounded Apple Computers.
mobile messaging platform 移动消息平台
01:45
The hiring systems we built in the 20th century are failing us and causing us to miss out on people with incredible potential. The advances in robotics and machine learning and transforming the way we work, automating routine tasks in many occupations while augmenting and amplifying human labor in others. At this rate, we should all be expecting to do jobs we've never done before for the rest of our careers.
我们在20世纪建立的招聘系统已经过时了，这导致我们错失了很多颇具潜力的人才。机器人技术和机器学习的进步正在转变我们工作的方式，把许多行业的日常事务自动化，从而将人类的劳力转向其他方面。这样下去，我们在接下来的职业生涯中都要做从未做过的工作。
miss out on 错过机会；错失了……
例句：Of course I'm coming—I don't want to miss out on all the fun!
我当然要来—我可不想错失好玩的机会。
robotics /rəʊˈbɑːtɪks/ n.机器人学；机器人技术
augment /ɔːɡˈment/v.提高；增大；加强
例句：He would have to find work to augment his income.
他可能不得不找活儿干来增加收入。
amplify /ˈæmplɪfaɪ/ v.扩大；增强
例句：Subjects are wearing headphones that amplify their heartbeat.
受试者正戴着放大他们心跳声的耳机。
human labor人类劳动
例句：In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.
换句话说，我们需要研究机器如何辅助人类劳动，而不是研究其如何取代它。
So what are the tools and strategies we need to identify tomorrow's high performers? In search for answers, I've consulted with leaders across many sectors, read dozens of reports and research papers and conducted some of my own talent experiments. My quest is far from over, but here are three ideas to take forward.
那么我们需要什么样的工具以及技巧来辨别那些能够驰骋未来职场的人才呢？为了寻得答案，我和许多部门的领导进行了探讨，读了很多报告和研究资料，并分析了我自己的天赋与经历。我的寻找还远没有结束，但有三个要点值得一提。
conduct v.组织；实施；进行；处理
例句：The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.
这些实验是科学家在纽约做的。
experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践
quest /kwest/ n.（长久或辛勤的）寻求，探求
例句：Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.
没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的追求。
02:33
One: expand your search. If we only look for talent in the same places we always do -- gifted child programs, Ivy League schools, prestigious organizations -- we're going to get the same results we always have. Baseball was transformed when the cash-strapped Oakland Athletics started recruiting players who didn't score highly on traditionally valued metrics, like runs batted in, but who had the ability to help the team score points and win games.
第一：扩展你的搜索范围。如果我们每次只去同样的地方寻找自己的天赋—— 天才少年项目，常青藤名校，那些盛名远扬的机构—— 那我们只能得到一样的结果。奥克兰的运动员队，由于囊中羞涩，只能聘用那些在传统标准，如打点记录中，虽然得分较低，但却能够帮助队友得分，并最终赢得比赛的球员，而这最终导致了棒球的演变。
Ivy League schools 常春藤盟校
prestigious /preˈstiːdʒəs/ adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的
例句：It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.
它是该国设备最好、最有声望的学校之一。
cash-strapped adj.资金短缺的；财政困难的
recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ v.招聘，招收（新成员）；招募（新兵）
例句：Having slimmed to around 1,400 staff, the company is now recruiting again.
在缩减到约1400名员工后，该公司现在又开始招聘。
metrics /ˈmetrɪk/ n.度量
例句：The study includes market metrics such as market and segment size estimates.
该研究包括市场指标，如市场和细分市场规模估计。
runs batted in 打点的记录
This idea is taking hold outside of sports. The Head of Design and Research at Pinterest told me that they've built one of the most diverse and high-performing teams in Silicon Valley because they believe that no one type of person holds a monopoly on talent. They've worked hard to look beyond major tech hubs and focus on designers' portfolios, not their pedigrees.
这道理在体育之外也同样适用。Pinterest研究与设计部门的负责人和我说，他们在硅谷打造了一支全世界最高效，同时最具分化特色的团队。因为他们相信没有哪一类特定的人具有垄断性的天赋才能。他们的眼光超越了核心科技，并注重于设计者们的资历，而不是他们的血统。
take hold 站稳脚跟
例句：The economic recovery is just beginning to take hold now.
经济复苏现在才刚刚开始站稳脚跟。
diverse /daɪˈvɜːrs/ adj.多种多样的，形形色色的
例句：Cuba is a composite of diverse traditions and people.
古巴是一个不同传统和民族的融合体。
high-performing 高绩效，高性能
例句：It lets you build high-performing, elegant Web applications quickly.
Django使你可以快速构建高性能的、优雅的Web应用。
monopoly /məˈnɑːpəli/ n.垄断（机构）；专卖；独占
例句：The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade.
这家公司实质上已经垄断了这种贸易。
tech hub技术中心
例句：Zhongguancun is China's high-tech hub.
中关村是中国的高科技中心。
portfolio /pɔːrtˈfəʊliəʊ/ n.作品集；职务，职责；投资组合;文件夹，公文包
例句：She's trying to build up a portfolio of work to show during job interviews.
她正想整理出自己的代表作以便找工作面试时展示一下。
pedigree n.血统；家谱
例句：His voice and manner suggested an aristocratic pedigree.
他的发音和举止表明他出身贵族。
03:22
Two: hire for performance. Inspired by my own job experience, I cofounded a hiring platform called Headlight, which gives candidates an opportunity to shine. Just as teams have tryouts and plays have auditions, candidates should be asked to demonstrate their skills before they're hired. Our clients are benefiting from 85 years of employment research, which shows that work samples are one of the best predictors of success on the job.
第二：为了效率而雇佣。受到我自己工作经历的启发，我和别人合建了一个招聘平台Headlight， 这个平台给了应聘者们一个展示自我的机会。就好似团队有路演，乐队有试奏，应聘者在被雇佣之前，应该有展示自己技能的机会。从85年的职场雇佣研究资料里，我们的客户可以看到，预测职场成功与否的最好方式就是工作实例。
tryout n.试验；选拔赛；预赛
例句：The recycling programme gets its first tryout in Idaho.
该再循环方案首先在爱达荷州被试用。
audition n.试镜；试奏；试唱；试演
例句：His audition went well and he's fairly hopeful about getting the part.
他试镜时表现出色，很有希望获得这个角色。
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v.证明；示范，演示
例句：he teacher demonstrated how to use the equipment.
老师演示了如何使用这种设备。
predictor prɪˈdɪktər/ n.预测器，预示物；预言者
例句：In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well.
事实上，性格并不能很好地预测谁会完成得更好。
If you're hiring a data analyst, give them a spreadsheet of historical data and ask them for their key insights. If you're hiring a marketing manager, have them plan a launch campaign for a new product. And if you're a candidate, don't wait for an employer to ask. Seek out ways to showcase your unique skills and abilities outside of just the standard resume and cover letter.
如果你在招聘一个数据分析员，就给他们一张填满历史数据的表格并要求他们给出解析。 如果你在招聘一个市场经理，就让他们计划一场新产品的发布会。 而如果你是一个应聘者， 别等着老板询问你。寻找能够展现你的独特技巧与能力的方式，而不仅仅是依赖于简历以及推荐信。
seek out 找出；搜出
例句：Children seek out regularities and rules in acquiring language.
儿童在学习语言过程中会找出各种规律和规则。
showcase v.展示…的优点；充分展示
例句：The main aim of the exhibition is to showcase British design.
该展览的主要目的是一展英国设计的风采。
cover letter 求职信；附信
例句：A cover letter should never exceed one page; often a far shorter letter will suffice.
附信绝不应超过一页；通常一封更短的信就足够了。
04:09
Three: get the bigger picture. I've heard about recruiters who are quick to label a candidate a job-hopper based on a single short stint on their resume; read about professors who are more likely to ignore identical messages from students because their name was black or Asian instead of white.
第三：着眼全局。我见过招聘人员不假思索的给一个应聘者贴上“跳槽者”的标签，仅仅是因为他的简历上有一项短期的工作； 我也听说不少教授会因为学生的名字属于黑人或亚洲人，就忽视他们发送的和白人学生一模一样的消息。
recruiter /rɪˈkruːtər/ n.招聘人员，征兵人员
job-hopper 跳槽者
a stint 一段时间
例句：He did a stint abroad early in his career.
他早先在国外干过一段时间。
identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj.完全相同的；极为相似的
例句：I've got three identical blue suits.
我有3套完全相同的蓝色西装。
04:28
I was almost put on a special needs track as a child. A month into kindergarten, my teacher wrote a page-long memo noting that I was impulsive, had a short attention span, and despite my wonderful curiosity, I was exhausting to work with.
我小时候几乎被当成有 “特殊需要”的孩子。进入幼儿园一个月后，我的老师记录了一整页的笔记，上面写着我极易冲动，注意力难以集中，虽然拥有极大的好奇心，但却是一个使人筋疲力尽的孩子。
memo n.备忘录
impulsive /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ adj.冲动的
例句：He is too impulsive to be a responsible mayor.
他太容易冲动，无法成为一个可靠的市长。
span /spæn/ n.时间跨度，一段时间
例句：He has a short attention/concentration span.
他的注意力持续时间很短。
curiosity /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/ n.好奇心；求知欲
exhausting /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/ adj.使人精疲力竭的；使人疲惫不堪的
例句：I've had an exhausting day.
一天忙下来我精疲力竭。
04:43
（笑声）
04:46
The principal asked my parents into a meeting, asked my mother if there had been complications at birth and suggested I meet with a school psychologist. My father saw what was happening and quickly explained our family situation. As recent immigrants, we lived in the attic of a home that cared for adults with mental disabilities.
校长叫我的家长们来开会，问我妈生我的时候有没有遇到什么困难，还建议我去看学校的心理医生。我的父亲明白了是怎么一回事，并简短地解释了我们家的情况。作为刚刚移民的家庭，我们住在一家老年康复中心的阁楼里。
principal n.（美国公立中小学的）校长
例句：I sent a copy to the school principal.
我寄了一份复印件给校长。
complication n.使情况复杂化的事物；复杂化
例句：The age difference was a complication to the relationship.
年龄差异是使该关系复杂化的一个因素。
psychologist n.心理医生；心理学家
immigrant n.移民
例句：Many of the immigrants are well-educated.
许多移民受过良好的教育。
attic n.阁楼，顶楼
例句：I've cleared out all that old junk in the attic.
我把阁楼里所有的废旧杂物都清除干净了。
My parents worked nights to make ends meet, and I had little opportunity to spend time with kids my own age. Is it really a surprise that an understimulated five-year-old boy might be a little excited in a kindergarten classroom after an entire summer by himself?
我的父母为了维持生计整日整夜工作，而我也几乎没有和同龄孩子玩耍的机会。对于一个交际经验不足，又刚刚独处了整整一个夏天的五岁小男孩来说，在幼儿园的教室里显得有些过度兴奋，也许不显得那么令人惊讶吧？
to make ends meet 收支相抵
例句：Many families struggle to make ends meet.
许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
understimulated adj.刺激不足的
overstimulated adj.过度刺激的
05:21
Until we get a holistic view of someone, our judgment of them will always be flawed. Let's stop equating experience with ability, credentials with competence. Let's stop settling for the safe, familiar choice and leave the door open for someone who could be amazing.
在我们没有看到一个人完整的一面的时候，我们对他的评判总是有失偏颇的。让我们别再把经历和能力划等号，也别把文凭和竞争力划等号。让我们不要再一味地做出安全、熟悉的选择，而是把机会给予那些能够让你眼前一亮的人。
holistic /həʊˈlɪstɪk/ adj.整体的，全面的
例句：My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease.
我的医生采用了一种全面的治疗方法。
flawed /flɔːd/ adj.有瑕疵的；有错误的；有缺点的
例句：The plan was fatally flawed from the start.
这个计划一开始就有致命的缺陷。
equate with 把……等同；使相等；同等相待
credential n.资历，资格；资格证书，资质证明
例句：All the candidates had excellent academic credentials.
所有候选人都具有优秀的学历。
competence /ˈkɑːmpɪtəns/ n.能力；才干；水平
例句：He reached a reasonable level of competence in his English.
他的英语能力已达到了一定水平。
settle for sth无奈接受；勉强同意
例句：She never settles for second best.
她从不甘心于退而求其次。
We need employers to let go of outdated hiring practices and embrace new ways of identifying and cultivating talent, and candidates can help by learning to tell their story in powerful and compelling ways. We could live in a world where people are seen for what they're truly capable of and have the opportunity to realize their full potential. So let's go out and build it.
我们需要让雇主们放弃那些过时的雇佣政策，去拥抱那些定义和培养天赋的新方法，而求职者们也可以通过用强势且引人注目的方式，来讲述自己的人生故事。我们会生活在全新的世界里，在那里人们的潜力将有望被完全激发，人人都能够做自己真正胜任的工作。所以让我们一起携手建造这个世界吧。
let go of 释放，松手放开
outdated /ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj.过时的，陈旧的
例句：Nowadays this technique is completely outdated.
现在这种技术已经相当过时了。
cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v.培养，培育；养成；陶冶；改进
例句：How do we cultivate positive emotions?
我们该如何培养积极的情感呢？
compelling adj.令人信服的，很有说服力的;引人入胜的；激动人心的；扣人心弦的
例句：例句：I found the whole film very compelling.
我觉得整部影片都很扣人心弦。
realize one’s full potential 实现某人全部潜能
06:09
Thank you.
谢谢。
06:10
(Applause)
（掌声）
