【中英字幕/经济学人】 如何通过加息来抑制通货膨胀？The Economist

Rising interest rate

Related words:

1. take out loan 贷款
2. the size of reward 回报的多少
3. set rates 设定利率
4. hit target 达到目标
5. mortgage 抵押贷款
6. tighten the purse strings 减少花费
7. grappling with a decline in real wages
8. raise their prices 涨价
9. dent/depress economic activity
10. push up/surge costs for business

Nice sentences:

1. Rising interest rate can send ripples(连锁反应） across the whole economy. It can sink consumer confidence, result in fewer jobs and lower wages, and cause stock prices to fall(描写经济现象的句子）. If they go too far too fast, it can tip economices into recession(让经济陷入衰退）.
2. See high interest rate as a reward for leaving money in your account.
3. Commercial banks have these things called reserves. So that's a bit like their cash on hand. Commercial banks lend those excess reserves to each other at an interest rate, and they also deposit their excess reserves at the central banks. And when they do that, they earn an interest rate.
4. (提高利率降低通货膨胀的原理）A rise in interest rates from a central bank means that a bank will earn more on their reserves. They might make more from keeping their money in a central bank than lending it out. So it they do lend it out, they will raise their interest rates to make it worthwhile.
5. (利率如何影响消费者）How thay affects consumers depends on the economy. The higher rate will translate into less cash to spend on other things. Less spare cash means households will spend less. And less spending means business will be warier of raising prices. And it is not just consumers who will tighten the purse strings. When interest rates rise, business will find it more expensive to borrow and invest, which generally means less econmic activities, or means fewer created jobs. Fewer jobs and lower wages could mean less money for households and consumer confidence might suffer.