Mathematical Symbols Name List
Symbol
Symbol Name
=
equals sign
|
perpendicular
≠
not equal sign
||
parallel
>
strict inequality
≅
congruent to
<
strict inequality
~
similarity
≥
inequality
Δ
triangle
≤
inequality
|x-y|
distance
( )
parentheses
π
pi constant
[ ]
brackets
rad
radians
+
plus sign
grad
grads
−
minus sign
x
x variable
±
plus - minus
≡
equivalence
∓
minus - plus
≜
equal by definition
*
asterisk
:=
equal by definition
×
times sign
~
approximately equal
∙
multiplication dot
≈
approximately equal
÷
division sign / obelus
∝
proportional to
/
division slash
∞
lemniscate
–
horizontal line
≪
much less than
Mod
modulo
≫
much greater than
.
period
( )
parentheses
ab
power
[ ]
brackets
a^b
caret
{ }
braces
√a
square root
x!
exclamation mark
3√a
cube root
| x |
single vertical bar
4√a
fourth root
f (x)
function of x
n√a
n-th root (radical)
(f ∘g)
function composition
%
percent
(a,b)
open interval
‰
per-mille
[a,b]
closed interval
ppm
per-million
∆
delta
ppb
per-billion
∆
discriminant
ppt
per-trillion
∑
sigma
∠
angle
∑∑
sigma
∟
right angle
∏
capital pi
º
degree
E
e constant / Euler's number
´
arcminute
Γ
Euler-Mascheroni constant
´´
arcsecond
Φ
golden ratio
AB
line segment
Π
pi constant
∙
dot
Q2
median / second quartile
×
cross
Q3
upper / third quartile
A⊗B
tensor product
X
sample mean
[ ]
brackets
S 2
sample variance
( )
parentheses
S
sample standard deviation
| A |
determinant
zx
standard score
det(A)
determinant
X ~
distribution of X
|| x ||
double vertical bars
N(μ,σ2)
normal distribution
A T
transpose
U(a,b)
uniform distribution
A †
Hermitian matrix
exp(λ)
exponential distribution
A *
Hermitian matrix
gamma(c, λ)
gamma distribution
A -1
inverse matrix
Χ 2(k)
chi-square distribution
Rank(A)
matrix rank
F (k1, k2)
F distribution
dim(U)
dimension
Bin(n,p)
binomial distribution
P(A)
probability function
Poisson(λ)
Poisson distribution
P(A ∩ B)
probability of events intersection
Geom(p)
geometric distribution
P(A ∪ B)
probability of events union
HG(N,K,n)
hyper-geometric distribution
P(A | B)
conditional probability function
Bern(p)
Bernoulli distribution
F (x)
probability density function (pdf)
N!
Factorial
F(x)
Cumulative distribution function (cdf)
nPk
permutation
Μ
population mean
{ }
Set
E(X)
Expectation value
A ∩ B
intersection
E(X | Y)
conditional expectation
A ∪ B
union
var(X)
variance
A ⊆ B
subset
Σ2
variance
A ⊂ B
proper subset / strict subset
std(X)
standard deviation
A ⊄ B
not subset
σX
standard deviation
A ⊇ B
superset
median
A ⊃ B
proper superset / strict superset
cov(X,Y)
covariance
A ⊅ B
not superset
corr(X,Y)
correlation
2A
power set
ρX,Y
correlation
A = B
equality
∑
summation
Ac
complement
∑∑
double summation
A \ B
relative complement
Mo
mode
A - B
relative complement
MR
mid-range
A ∆ B
symmetric difference
Md
sample median
A ⊖ B
symmetric difference
Q1
lower / first quartile
a∈A
element of
x∉A
not element of
∰
closed volume integral
(a,b)
ordered pair
i
imaginary unit
A×B
cartesian product
Z*
complex conjugate
|A|
cardinality
z
complex conjugate
#A
cardinality
∇
nabla / del
Ø
empty set
x * y
convolution
·
and
δ
delta function
^
caret / circumflex
∞
lemniscate
&
ampersand
α
Alpha
+
plus
β
Beta
∨
reversed caret
γ
Gamma
|
vertical line
δ
Delta
x'
single quote
ε
Epsilon
x
bar
ζ
Zeta
¬
not
η
Eta
!
exclamation mark
θ
Theta
⊕
circled plus / oplus
ι
Iota
~
tilde
κ
Kappa
⇒
implies
λ
Lambda
⇔
equivalent
μ
Mu
↔
equivalent
ν
Nu
∀
for all
ξ
Xi
∃
there exists
ο
Omicron
∄
there does not exists
π
Pi
∴
therefore
ρ
Rho
∵
because / since
σ
Sigma
ε
epsilon
τ
Tau
e
e constant / Euler's number
υ
Upsilon
y '
derivative
φ
Phi
Y ''
second derivative
χ
Chi
Y(n)
nth derivative
ψ
Psi
Dx y
derivative
ω
Omega
Dx2 y
second derivative
∫
Integral
∭
triple integral
∬
double integral
∮
closed contour / line integral
∯
closed surface integral
